View source for Quzhou dialect

{{Short description|Wu Chinese dialect of Quzhou, China}}
{{Expand Chinese|衢州話|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Quzhou dialect
|nativename={{Lang|wuu-Hant|衢州話}}
|pronunciation={{IPA|wuu|dʒy tɕiɯ ɦuɑ|}}
|states=People's Republic of China
|region=[[Quzhou]] prefecture, [[Zhejiang]]
|date=no date
|ref=
|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan
|fam2=[[Sinitic languages|Sinitic]]
|fam3=[[Wu Chinese|Wu]]
|fam4=[[Chuqu Wu dialects|Chuqu]]
|isoexception=dialect
|glotto=chuz1238
|glottorefname=Quzhou
|notice=IPA
}}

The '''Quzhou dialect''' (衢州話; pronounced {{IPA|wuu|d̥͡ʒ̊y.tɕiɯ.ɦuɑ}}{{Fix|text=missing tone}} in the Quzhou dialect) is a [[dialect]] of [[Wu Chinese]] spoken in [[Quzhou]], China.

==Phonology==

===Initials===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
!colspan=2|&nbsp;
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
![[Dental consonant|Dental]]
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[Postalveolar consonant|Postalveolar]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-align=center
!colspan=2|[[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
|{{IPAlink|m}} 迷
|{{IPAlink|n}} 拿
|{{IPAlink|ɲ}} 寧
|
|{{IPAlink|ŋ}} 咬
|&nbsp;
|-align=center
!rowspan=3|[[Plosive consonant|Plosive]]
!<small>[[tenuis consonant|tenuis]]</small>
|{{IPAlink|p}} 巴
|{{IPAlink|t}} 丁
|
|
|{{IPAlink|k}} 公
|{{IPAlink|ʔ}} 愛
|-align=center
!<small>[[aspiration (phonetics)|aspirated]]</small>
|{{IPAlink|pʰ}} 怕
|{{IPAlink|tʰ}} 聽
|
|
|{{IPAlink|kʰ}} 空
|&nbsp;
|-align=center
!<small>[[slack voice]]</small>
|{{IPAlink|b̥}} 爬
|{{IPAlink|d̥}} 停
|
|
|{{IPAlink|ɡ̊}} 共
|&nbsp;
|-align=center
!rowspan=3|[[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
!<small>[[tenuis consonant|tenuis]]</small>
|
|{{IPAlink|ts}} 增
|{{IPAlink|tɕ}} 九
|{{IPAlink|tʃ}} 真
|
|
|-align=center
!<small>[[aspiration (phonetics)|aspirated]]</small>
|
|{{IPAlink|tsʰ}} 寸
|{{IPAlink|tɕʰ}} 秋
|{{IPAlink|tʃʰ}} 春
|
|&nbsp;
|-align=center
!<small>[[slack voice]]</small>
|
|{{IPAlink|d̥z̥}} 存
|{{IPAlink|d̥ʑ̊}} 求
|{{IPAlink|d̥ʒ̊}} 陳
|
|&nbsp;
|-align=center
!rowspan=2|[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
!<small>[[tenuis consonant|tenuis]]</small>
|{{IPAlink|f}} 方
|{{IPAlink|s}} 森
|{{IPAlink|ɕ}} 心
|{{IPAlink|ʃ}} 雙
|{{IPAlink|x}} 好
|
|-align=center
!<small>[[slack voice]]</small>
|{{IPAlink|v̥}} 房
|{{IPAlink|z̥}} 時
|{{IPAlink|ʑ̊}} 尋
|{{IPAlink|ʒ̊}} 床
|{{IPAlink|ɣ̊}} 或
|
|-align=center
!colspan=2|[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|{{IPAlink|l}}  來
|({{IPAlink|j}}) 移
|
|({{IPAlink|w}}) 吳
|{{IPAlink|ɦ}} 或
|}

===Finals===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! rowspan="2" |Medial
! colspan="16" |Nucleus
|-
!{{IPA|∅}}
!ɑ
!e̞
!ɘɪ
!ɔ
!ɤ
!ə
!æ
!ən
!ã
!ɒ̃
!oŋ
!əʔ
!ənʔ
!ɐ̞ʔ
!''liquid''
|-
!{{IPA|∅}}
|試 {{IPAblink|ʐ}}
|家 {{IPAblink|ɑ}}
|菜 {{IPAblink|e̞}}
|走 {{IPA|[ɘɪ]}}
|包 {{IPAblink|ɔ}}
|勾 {{IPAblink|ɤ}}
|南 {{IPAblink|ə}}
|三 {{IPAblink|æ}}
|本 {{IPA|[ən]}}
|打 {{IPAblink|ã}}
|方 {{IPAblink|ɒ̃}}
|公 {{IPA|[oŋ]}}
|六 {{IPA|[əʔ]}}
|脱 {{IPA|[ənʔ]}}
|白 {{IPA|[ɐ̞ʔ]}}
|爾 {{IPAblink|ɫ}}
|-
!{{IPA|i}}
|去 {{IPAblink|i}}
|謝 {{IPA|[iɑ]}}
|變 {{IPA|[ie]}}
|
|表 {{IPA|[iɔ]}}
|九 {{IPA|[iɯ]}}
|
|
|金 {{IPA|[iɲ]}}
|兩 {{IPA|[iã]}}
|旺 {{IPA|[iɒ̃]}}
|窘 {{IPA|[ioŋ]}}
|业 {{IPA|[iɘʔ]}}
|
|弱 {{IPA|[iɐ̞ʔ]}}
|姆 {{IPAblink|m}}
|-
!{{IPA|u}}
|布 {{IPAblink|u}}
|瓜 {{IPA|[uɑ]}}
|快 {{IPA|[ue̞]}}
|會 {{IPA|[uɘɪ]}}
|
|
|官 {{IPA|[uə]}}
|慣 {{IPA|[uæ]}}
|昏 {{IPA|[uən]}}
|昌 {{IPA|[uã]}}
|光 {{IPA|[uɒ̃]}}
|
|國 {{IPA|[uəʔ]}}
|
|划 {{IPA|[uɐ̞ʔ]}}
|魚 {{IPAblink|ŋ}}
|-
!{{IPA|y}}
|雨 {{IPAblink|y}}
|
|
|
|
|
|捐 {{IPA|[yə]}}
|
|運 {{IPA|[yɲ]}}
|
|
|
|肉 {{IPA|[yəʔ]}}
|
|
|水衢 {{IPAblink|ɥ}}
|}

===Tones===
The Quzhou dialect is considered to have seven tones. However, since the tone split from Middle Chinese, characters still depend on the voicing of the initial consonant. These constitute just three phonemic tones: [[Four tones|''ping'', ''shang'', and ''qu.'']] (''Ru'' syllables are phonemically toneless.)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Tone chart of Quzhou dialect
|-
! Number !! Tone name !! [[Tone contour]] !! Examples
|-
! 1
| 陰平 yīn píng || {{IPAblink|˦}} (44) || 江天飛空
|-
! 2
| 陽平 yáng píng || {{IPAblink|˩˩˨}} (112) || 來同魚頭
|-
! 3
| 陰上 yīn shàng ||{{IPAblink|˧˦}} (34) || 懂紙古口
|-
! 4
| 陽去 yáng qù ||{{IPAblink|˧˩}} (31) || 外地路道
|-
! 5
| 陰去 yīn qù ||{{IPAblink|˥˨}} (52) || 對去馬你
|-
! 6
| 陰入 yīn rù ||{{IPAblink|˩˨̚}} (12) || 六肉白石
|-
! 7
| 陽入 yáng rù ||{{IPAblink|˥̚}} (5) || 各黑出脫
|}

==Grammar==

===Sentence structure===
{{fs interlinear|indent=2
|你 我 個 朋友 啘。
|ni ŋu kəʔ põ.jɤ ue
|2SG 1SG GEN friend PTCL
|You are my friend}}

The first example can be compared with Japanese: あなたは私の友達だよ。(anata wa watashi no tomodachi dayo.) Here, 啘 resembles Japanese だよ (dayo).

{{fs interlinear|indent=2
|渠(其) 你 老師 啘， 要 尊重 人家。
|ɡ̊i ɲi lɔ.sʐ ue, iɔ t͡seɲ.d̥͡ʒ̊õ niŋ.kɒ
|3SG 2SG teacher PTCL, have respect other
|He/she is your teacher, and you have to respect him/her.}}

{{fs interlinear|indent=2
|鉛筆 借 支 我 好伐？
|kæ.piəʔ t͡ʃiɒ t͡sʐ ŋu xɔ.fɐ̞ʔ
|pencil borrow CL 1SG INTERR
|Can I borrow a pencil?}}

{{fs interlinear|indent=2
|飯 再 喫 碗 添， 多 吃 些兒 啊。
|v̥æ t͡se t͡ɕʰiəʔ uə tʰie, tu t͡ɕʰiəʔ ʃin o
|rice/meal again eat bowl PTCL? more eat more+ PTCL
|If you want to eat more, then eat more if you'd like.}}

{{fs interlinear|indent=2
|感冒藥 喫嘞 朆 你， 覅 記弗着 掉 唻！
|kə.mɔ.jɐ̞ʔ t͡ɕʰiəʔ.ləʔ v̥ən ɲi, fiɔ t͡ɕʰi.fəʔ.t͡ʃɐ̞ʔ tɔ le
|{cold medicine} taking/eating INTERR 2SG, NEG verb-remember/NEG PTCL IMP
|Have you taken your cold medicine yet? Don't forget to take it!}}

==Lexicon==

===Pronouns===

* 我 {{IPA|[ŋu˥˨]}} 1st person singular
* 你 {{IPA|[ɲi˥˨]}} 2nd person singular
* 渠[ {{IPA|ɡ̊i˩˩˨]}} 3rd person singular
* 我達 {{IPA|[ŋu˥˨.d̥ɐ̞ʔ˩˨]}}, 我拉 {{IPA|[ŋu˥˨.lɐ̞ʔ˩˨]}} (我耷) 1st person plural
* 你達 {{IPA|[ɲi˥˨.d̥ɐ̞ʔ˩˨}}, 你拉 {{IPA|[ɲi˥˨.lɐ̞ʔ˩˨]}}, 爾耷- {{IPA|[n][tAʔ]/[d̥Aʔ], [lAʔ]}} 2nd person plural
* 渠達 {{IPA|[ɡ̊i˩˩˨.d̥ɐ̞ʔ˩˨]}}, 渠拉 {{IPA|[ɡ̊i˩˩˨lɐ̞ʔ˩˨]}} (渠耷) 3rd person plural

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}
{{Chinese language}}
{{Zhejiang topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Quzhou Dialect}}
[[Category:Wu Chinese]]


{{St-lang-stub}}