View source for Pyralini

{{short description|Tribe of moths}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Moth Cardamyla carinentalis2 (Public Domain).JPG
| image_caption = ''[[Cardamyla carinentalis]]'' (probably)<br/>from central [[Queensland]], Australia
| taxon = Pyralini
| authority = [[Pierre André Latreille|Latreille]], 1809
| type_species = [[Pyralis farinalis|''Phalaena'' (''Pyralis'') ''farinalis'']]
| type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758
| diversity = About 35–40 genera (but see [[#Systematics and taxonomy|text]])
| synonyms = Numerous, see [[#Synonyms|text]]
}}

The '''Pyralini''' are a [[tribe (biology)|tribe]] of [[snout moth]]s described by [[Pierre André Latreille]] in 1809. They belong to the [[subfamily]] [[Pyralinae]], which contains the "typical" snout moths of the [[Old World]] and some other regions. The [[genus]] list presented here is provisional.

They are deemed to represent the lineage around the [[type species]], the [[meal moth]] (''Pyralis farinalis''), a somewhat notorious [[pest (organism)|pest]] of stored [[cereal]]s and similar goods. Like this species, Pyralini are usually largish snout moths; some are boldly colored (often in bright brown to yellow hues) by standards of their family.

==Systematics and taxonomy==
While the Pyralini are a successful radiation even as presently circumscribed, this delimitation is highly provisional. It is very likely that more genera belong here (unknown [[Pyralinae]] are still being discovered on a regular basis), and perhaps the group will turn out to be so large or [[phylogenetic]]ally inconsistent that it will be split apart. Pending a detailed analysis, the following genera are placed here (some notable species are also listed):<ref>Solis (2007), Wikispecies (2011-MAY-29), but see references in Savela (2011)</ref>
<!-- 
List species here if the genera have no article yet. Move author/date to taxoboxes to avoid maintenance problems.
-->
[[File:Hypsopygia.costalis.7184.jpg|thumb|right|Adult [[gold triangle]] (''Hypsopygia costalis'')]]
[[File:Synaphe punctalis01.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Synaphe punctalis]]'' was once proposed as [[type species]] of a lineage distinct from the Pyralini, but this remains unverified.]]
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* ''[[Actenia]]'' <small>Guenée in Boisduval & Guenée, 1854</small>
** ''[[Actenia brunnealis]]''
* ''[[Aglossa]]''
* ''[[Amphiderita]]'' <small>Turner, 1925</small>
* ''[[Arescoptera]]'' <small>Turner, 1911</small>
* ''[[Arippara]]'' <small>Walker, [1863]</small>
* ''[[Arispe (moth)|Arispe]]'' <small>Ragonot, 1891</small>
* ''[[Bostra (moth)|Bostra]]'' <small>Walker, 1863</small>
* ''[[Cardamyla]]'' <small>Walker, 1859</small>
* ''[[Catocrocis]]'' <small>Ragonot, 1891</small>
* ''[[Curena]]'' <small>Walker, [1866]</small>
* ''[[Dolichomia]]'' <small>Ragonot, 1891</small> (mostly placed in ''[[Hypsopygia]]'')
* ''[[Essina (moth)|Essina]]'' <small>Ragonot, 1891</small>
* ''[[Fujimacia]]'' <small>Marumo, 1939</small>
* ''[[Gauna (moth)|Gauna]]'' <small>Walker, [1866]</small>
** ''[[Gauna aegusalis]]''
* ''[[Herculia (moth)|Herculia]]'' (mostly placed in ''[[Hypsopygia]]'')
* ''[[Hypsopygia]]''
* ''[[Lixa (moth)|Lixa]]'' <small>Walker, [1866]</small>
* ''[[Macna]]'' <small>Walker, [1859]</small>
* ''[[Mapeta]]''
* ''[[Maradana (moth)|Maradana]]'' <small>Moore, 1884</small>
* ''[[Micromastra]]'' <small>Schaus, 1940</small><!-- "Micromasta" is lapsus -->
* ''[[Neodavisia]]'' <small>Barnes & McDunnough, 1914</small>
* ''[[Ocrasa]]'' (including ''Orthopygia'', mostly placed in ''[[Hypsopygia]]'')
* ''[[Perisseretma]]'' <small>Warren, 1895</small>
* ''[[Pseudasopia]]'' <small>Grote, 1873</small> (mostly placed in ''[[Hypsopygia]]'')
* ''[[Pyralis]]'' <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small>
** ''[[Pyralis farinalis]]'' &ndash; meal moth
** ''[[Pyralis manihotalis]]''
** ''[[Pyralis pictalis]]'' &ndash; Poplar pyralis, painted meal moth
* ''[[Scenedra]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1884</small>
** ''[[Scenedra decoratalis]]''
* ''[[Scenidiopis]]'' <small>Turner, 1904</small>
* ''[[Stemmatophora]]'' <small>Guenée in Boisduval & Guenée, 1854</small>
* ''[[Synaphe]]'' <small>Hübner, [1825]</small>
** ''[[Synaphe punctalis]]''
* ''[[Taboga (moth)|Taboga]]'' <small>Dyar, 1914</small>
* ''[[Tanyethira]]'' <small>Turner, 1911</small>
* ''[[Therapne (moth)|Therapne]]'' <small>Ragonot, 1890</small>
* ''[[Trebania]]'' <small>Ragonot, 1892</small>
** ''[[Trebania flavifrontalis]]'' <small>(Leech, 1889)</small>
* ''[[Tretopteryx]]'' <small>Ragonot, 1890</small>
* ''[[Ulotricha]]'' <small>Lederer, 1863</small>
* ''[[Vitessa]]'' <small>Moore, [1860]</small>
{{div col end}}

Numerous [[Pyralinae]] genera have not yet been assigned to a tribe, and in general the subfamily is in need of thorough revision. Some genera have explicitly been allied with Pyralini genera in the past and might more likely than others be members of the present subfamily:<ref name = wssavela2011>Wikispecies (29 May 2011) ''contra'' references in Savela (2011)</ref>
* ''[[Loryma (moth)|Loryma]]'' <small>Walker, 1859</small>
* ''[[Scotomera]]'' <small>Butler, 1881</small>
* ''[[Tegulifera]]'' <small>Saalmüller, 1880</small>
* ''[[Zitha]]'' <small>Walker, [1866]</small> (including ''Tamraca'')

''[[Tanaobela]]'' is a more complicated case; it has by some authors been assigned to the [[grass moth]]s (Crambidae, formerly included in the [[Pyralidae]]). Others have placed it in the Pyralini, which may well be correct.<ref name = wssavela2011 />

===Synonyms===
The Pyralini have some objective [[junior synonym]]s due to misidentifications of specimens by early [[entomologist]]s. In addition, presumed lineages around ''[[Aglossa]]'', ''[[Mapeta]]'' (= ''Homalochroa'') and ''[[Synaphe]]'' (= ''Cledeobia'') were once considered [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomic]]ally distinct, often even as [[subfamilies]], but are today included in the present tribe. While they are not likely to be subfamilies, their actual taxonomic status will be determined by future analyses. The presently-obsolete synonyms of Pyralini are:<ref>See references in Savela (2011)</ref>
* Aglossinae <small>A.Blanchard, 1840</small>
* Asopidae <small>Guenée, 1854</small>
* Asopiinae <small>Guenée, 1854</small>
* Cledeobiinae <small>A.Blanchard, 1840</small>
* Homalochroidae <small>Lederer, 1863</small>
* Homalochroinae <small>Lederer, 1863</small>

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{Wikispecies-inline}}
* {{aut|Savela, Markku}} (2011): [http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/pyraloidea/pyralidae/pyralinae/index.html Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms'': Pyralinae]. Version of 3 March 2011. Retrieved 29 May 2011.
* {{aut|[[Maria Alma Solis|Solis, M. Alma]]}} (2007): Phylogenetic studies and modern classification of the Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera). ''Revista Colombiana de Entomología'' '''33'''(1): 1-8 [English with Spanish abstract]. [http://www.scielo.unal.edu.co/scielo.php?pid=S0120-04882007000100001&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en HTML fulltext]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q7263213}}

[[Category:Pyralini| ]]
[[Category:Pyralinae|*]]
[[Category:Moth tribes]]