View source for Pyotr Baranovsky

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{{Infobox architect
| name                  = Pyotr Dmitrievich Baranovsky
| image                 = Covers of Russia, 1992. Барановский Петр Дмитриевич.jpg
| caption               = 
| nationality           = [[Russia]]n
| birth_date            = February 26, 1892
| birth_place           = [[Vyazemsky District, Smolensk Oblast|Shuyskoye]], [[Vyazemsky Uyezd]], [[Smolensk Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]]
| death_date            = June 12, 1984
| death_place           = [[Moscow]], [[Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]]
| practice              = 
| significant_buildings = Restoration of [[Krutitsy]] and [[St. Andronik Monastery]] 
| significant_projects  = [[Kolomenskoye]] and [[Andrei Rublev]] museums
| awards                = 
}}

'''Pyotr Dmitrievich Baranovsky''' ({{langx|ru|Пётр Дмитриевич Барановский}};  February 26, 1892 – June 12, 1984) was a Russian [[architect]], [[preservationist]] and [[Building restoration|restorator]] who reconstructed many ancient buildings in the [[Soviet Union]]. He is credited with saving [[Saint Basil's Cathedral]] from destruction in the early 1930s, founding and managing the [[Kolomenskoye]] and [[Andrei Rublev]] museums, and developing modern restoration technologies.

==Education and early career==

Petr Baranovsky was born in a peasant family in Shuyskoye, in the [[Vyazemsky Uyezd]] of the [[Smolensk Governorate]] of the [[Russian Empire]], and completed a construction engineer's degree in Moscow in 1912, earning the medal of Russian Archeological Society for restoration of [[Boldino Trinity Monastery]] in his native Smolensk region. After a brief work on industrial and railway projects, with the outbreak of [[World War I]], he was drafted into military engineers' corps. In 1918, he completed a second degree, in art studies, and joined the faculty of [[Moscow State University]].

In 1921, Baranovsky settled for the first of his ten expeditions to the Russian North. In the course of his life he surveyed and recorded hundreds of architectural landmarks ranging from [[White Sea]] to [[Ukraine]] and [[Azerbaijan]]. In late 1920s, in the middle of anti-religious campaigns, he restored [[Saint Basil's Cathedral]] in [[Red Square]], clearing the medieval landmark from alterations of later centuries.

==Kolomenskoye==

In 1924, Baranovsky persuaded the authorities to declare [[Kolomenskoye]] park a museum area, and became its first manager. From 1927 to 1934, he acquired and preserved wooden architecture from the Russian countryside, notably the House of [[Peter I of Russia|Peter I]] which he brought from [[Arkhangelsk]], the fortress tower of Sumskoy Ostrog on the [[White Sea]], the Honey-Mead Brewery from {{Interlanguage link|Preobrazhenskoye (Moscow village)|ru|3=Преображенское (село, Москва)|lt=Preobrazhenskoye}}, and others. Baranovsky personally surveyed, recorded and restored the local architecture of Kolomenskoye. In one case, he carefully demolished 19th-century alterations to the Church of Saint George in order to open access to the 16th century belltower. Today, the tower and [[refectory]] still stand separately.

==Boldino museum and persecution==
The only way to defend religious buildings in [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] Russia was to convert them into museums. In 1923, Baranovsky succeeded in declaring Boldinsky Monastery a branch of Dorogobuzh Museum. He and two local museum managers collected relics from other temples that were looted by [[Bolshevik]]s, and preserved the collection of [[Yelnya]] museum that was closed in 1926. Baranovsky realized the uncertainty of his museum, and hired photographer Mikhail Pogodin, grandson of [[Mikhail Pogodin]], to document Boldino and its exhibits (1928–1929). Baranovsky-Pogodin archives present a particular branch of Orthodox art of Upper [[Dnieper]], the boundary between Orthodox and Catholic worlds.{{NoteTag|This section is based on materials of 2002 Baranovsky exhibition at the [[Moscow Museum of Architecture]], collected by Maria Rogozina and Ulyana Chornovil}}

In November 1929, authorities shut down the museum; its treasures are presumed lost, as is most of Pogodin's photography. In January 1930, they arrested Semyon Buzanov, the museum manager, who died in prison. Nikolai Savin, manager of Dorogobuzh museum, chose to flee his hometown; Pogodin lost his job as a "social alien". Baranovsky himself received a formal reprimand in 1931 but was arrested later, in 1934, accused of [[Article 58 (RSFSR Penal Code)|Anti-Soviet propaganda]], and sentenced to an exile in [[Mariinsk]], where he earned a "Siberian Camp [[Udarnik]]" badge.

==See also==
* [[Donskoy Monastery]] in Moscow
* [[Sobir Odilov]]

==Notes==
{{NoteFoot}}

==References==
* Russian biography: Бычков, Ю.А., "Житие Петра Барановского", М., Советская Россия, 1991
* Russian collection of selected works: Петр Барановский, "Труды, воспоминания современников",  Сост. Ю. А. Бычков, О.П. Барановская, В.А. Десятников, А.М. Пономарев, М., 1996
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070420173246/http://muar.ru/exibitions/exibit105a.htm Moscow Museum of Architecture: 2002 Baranovsky exhibition, official site]
* Kolomenskoye [[museum architecture]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927195912/http://www.mgomz.ru/default.asp?ob_no=1988 official site]
* [http://kolomenskiy-park.ru Kolomenskoye museum architecture, best unofficial site]
* [http://www.museum.ru/M422 Andrei Rublev museum]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baranovsky, Petr}}
[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:1984 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Vyazemsky District, Smolensk Oblast]]
[[Category:People from Vyazemsky Uyezd]]
[[Category:Russian architects]]
[[Category:Soviet architects]]