View source for Puttee

{{Short description|Covering for the lower leg}}
{{Distinguish|putty|putti (disambiguation)|putte (disambiguation)}}
[[file:Puttees from American Infantry Chauchat.jpg|thumb|Close-up of a World War I era United States Army infantryman's puttees]]

A '''puttee''' (also spelled ''puttie'', adapted from the [[Hindi language|Hindi]] ''[[wikt:पट्टी|paṭṭī]]'', meaning "bandage") is a covering for the lower part of the leg from the ankle to the knee, also known as: ''legwraps'', ''leg bindings'', ''winingas'' and ''Wickelbänder'' etc. They consist of a long narrow piece of cloth wound tightly, and spirally round the leg, and serving to provide both support (as a [[compression garment]]) and protection.  They were worn by both mounted and dismounted soldiers, generally taking the place of the [[leather]] or [[cloth]] [[gaiter]].

== History ==

Worn since antiquity, the puttee was adopted as part of the service uniform of foot and mounted soldiers serving in [[British India]] during the second half of the nineteenth century. In its original form the puttee comprised long strips of cloth worn as a tribal legging in the Himalayas. The [[British Indian Army]] found this garment to be both comfortable and inexpensive, although it was considered to lack the smartness of the [[gaiter]] previously worn.<ref>Boris Mollo, p158 "The Indian Army", {{ISBN|0 7137 1074 8}}</ref> According to the British author and soldier [[Patrick Leigh Fermor]], infantry puttees were wound up from ankle to knee, but in cavalry regiments they were wound down from knee to ankle.<ref>Quoted in "Patrick Leigh Fermor: An Adventure" by Artemis Cooper, London 2012, page 37</ref>

The puttee was subsequently widely adopted by a number of armies including those of the [[Commonwealth of Nations|British Commonwealth]], the [[Austro-Hungarian Army]], the Chinese [[National Revolutionary Army]], the [[Belgian Land Component|Belgian Army]], the [[Ethiopian Ground Forces|Ethiopian Army]], the [[Royal Netherlands Army|Dutch Army]], the [[Imperial German Army]] (when stocks of leather long marching boots ran short during [[World War I|WWI]]),<ref>{{cite book|first=Stephen|last=Ball|page=85|title=World War One German Army|date=2000 |publisher=Brassey's |isbn=1-85753-271-6}}</ref> the [[French Army]], the [[Imperial Japanese Army]], the [[Royal Italian Army|Italian Army]], the [[Portuguese Army]], the [[Ottoman Army (1861–1922)|Ottoman Army]] and the [[United States Army]]. Most of these armies adopted puttees during or shortly before World War I. Puttees were in general use by the [[British Army]] as part of the [[Service Dress (British Army)|khaki service uniform]] worn from 1902, until 1938 when a new [[British Battledress|battledress]] was introduced, which included short [[webbing]] [[gaiter]]s secured with buckles.<ref name="auto">R.M. Barnes, p282 "A History of the Regiments & Uniforms of the British Army", First Sphere Books 1972</ref> One of the largest providers of the puttee during World War I to the British Army was Fox Brothers, produced at Tonedale Mill, Somerset.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p01q9zpf|title=BBC - World War One At Home, Tonedale Mill, Somerset: Weaving Puttees For Worldwide Soldiers|publisher=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref>

Puttees generally ceased to be worn as part of military uniform during World War II. Reasons included the difficulty of quickly donning an item of dress that had to be wound carefully around each leg, plus medical reservations regarding hygiene and [[varicose veins]].<ref name="auto"/> However the cheapness and easy availability of cloth leggings meant that they were retained in the Italian, French, Japanese and some other armies until various dates between 1941 and 1945. The [[Red Army]] typically used them with laced ankle boots where the legs were insufficiently protected, though [[jackboots]] were more common.<ref>[https://sovietreenactment.com/footwear/ Soviet Reenactment - footwear]</ref>

When the British Army finally replaced battledress with the [[Disruptive Pattern Material#1960 Pattern|1960 Pattern Combat Dress]],<ref>{{cite book|first=Brian|last=Jewell|page=10|title=British Battledress1937-61|isbn=850450-387-9}}</ref> ankle high puttees replaced the webbing gaiters.<ref>Smith, Digby (1977) ''The British Army 1965-80'', Osprey Publishing, {{ISBN|9780850452730}} (p. 12)</ref> These continued to be worn until the 1980s.

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Villa del casale 13.jpg|Roman fasciae crurales, depicted in a 4th-century CE hunting scene
File:Daubjerg-manden DO-817 r.jpg|Puttees of bog boy Søgårds Mose Man, Denmark, early Iron Age
File:New Minster Charter 966 detail Edgar.jpg|upright|King Edgar of England, 966 CE
File:Bayeux Tapestry scene57 Harold death.jpg|Battle of Hastings, 1066 CE
File:Pre-1900 Indian soldiers.jpg|Soldiers of the [[Queen's Own Corps of Guides]] of the [[British Indian Army]] in 1897.<ref>Boris Mollo, p128 "The Indian Army", {{ISBN|0 7137 1074 8}}</ref> They are in various orders of uniform but all wear puttees.
File:OkinawaMarinesDeadJapanese.jpg|Puttees on a dead Japanese soldier in [[Battle of Okinawa|Okinawa]], April 1945
</gallery>

In 2013, the remains of two teenaged Austrian First World War soldiers were found on the {{ill|Presena glacier|it|Ghiacciaio Presena}}. One of them carried a spoon tucked into his puttees.<ref name=laura>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-one/10562017/Melting-glaciers-in-northern-Italy-reveal-corpses-of-WW1-soldiers.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114041228/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-one/10562017/Melting-glaciers-in-northern-Italy-reveal-corpses-of-WW1-soldiers.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 January 2014|title=Melting glaciers in northern Italy reveal corpses of WW1 soldiers|author=Laura Spinney|work=Daily Telegraph|date=13 January 2014}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
[[File:Soldiers at base of Ottawa War Memorial highlighted.jpg|thumb|The [[National War Memorial (Canada)|National War Memorial]] in Ottawa depicts Canadian Army infantrymen from World War I wearing puttees]]

Two current [[Canadian Forces|Canadian infantry regiments]] were given nicknames based on non-standard leg wear: the [[Royal Newfoundland Regiment]]  and the [[48th Highlanders of Canada]].

At the outbreak of [[World War I]] the [[Dominion of Newfoundland]] raised a [[regiment]] for active service. Lacking a local [[militia]] or [[garrison]] of soldiers, there were no military stores; uniforms had to be fashioned from scratch. In the absence of khaki broadcloth, puttees were fashioned from blue broadcloth. The Newfoundland Regiment was thus nicknamed "The Blue Puttees". This distinctive feature was retained for several months until the regiment was issued with standard British Army uniform and equipment upon arrival in England.<ref>Rene Chartrand. ''The Canadian Corps in World War I''. p. 46. {{ISBN|978 184603 186 1}}.</ref>

During [[World War II]], 1 Brigade of the [[1st Canadian Division]] was being inspected by King [[George VI of the United Kingdom|George VI]]. By this date the traditional knee-length puttees had been replaced with short ankle-length leggings worn with battledress. There were not enough khaki leggings for issue, so the 48th Highlanders made do with unofficial blue ones reportedly cut down from stocks of blue cloth found in regimental stores.  The King inquired as to why the 48th wore different "puttees" from the rest of the brigade. Upon being told of the shortage, the king replied that he liked the blue puttees better and that they should keep them. The 48th Highlanders continued to wear blue puttees until the regimental battle dress was eventually phased out.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}

== See also ==

* {{anl|Footwraps}}
* {{anl|Gaiters}}
* {{anl|Leggings}}

== Notes ==

{{refbegin}}
* {{EB1911|wstitle=Puttee}}
{{refend}}

== References ==

{{refs}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat}}

* [http://www.hardscrabblefarm.com/80th/putting_on_puttees.htm How to put on a Puttee]

[[Category:Hindu religious clothing]]
[[Category:Indian clothing]]
[[Category:Military uniforms]]
[[Category:Russian folk clothing]]