View source for Puka Llacta

{{Short description|Maoist political party of Perú}}
{{Expand Spanish|Puka Llacta|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox political party
| name             = Puka Llacta
| colorcode        = red
| foundation       = {{start date|1970}}
| ideology         = [[Communism]]<br>[[Maoism]]<br>{{ill|Mariateguismo|es}}<br>[[Marxism–Leninism]]<br>[[Socialist patriotism]]<br>Peruvian [[nationalism]]<br>[[Market socialism]]<br>[[Xi Jinping Thought|Xi'ism]]<br>[[Deng Xiaoping Theory|Dengism]]<br>[[Left-wing nationalism]]<br>[[Socialism]] with Peruvian characteristics
| international    = International Communist League (Maoist)
| country          = Peru
| split            = [[Communist Party of Peru – Red Fatherland]]
| think_tank       = José Carlos Mariátegui Foundation
| position         = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]
| regional         = [[São Paulo Forum]]
| slogan           = <i>«Servir al pueblo»</i><br><small>(Serve the people)</small>
}}
{{Politics of Peru}}
'''Puka Llacta''' or '''Pukallacta''' ([[Quechua language|Quechua]] ''puka'' red, ''llaqta'' place (village, town, city, country, nation))<ref>Teofilo Laime Ajacopa, Diccionario Bilingüe Iskay simipi yuyayk'ancha, La Paz, 2007 (Quechua-Spanish dictionary)</ref> is the name of a [[Peru]]vian [[Maoism|Maoist]] political group that had its origins in the 1970s.

== History ==
{{More citations needed section|date=June 2024}}
Puka Llacta emerged from a split in the Maoist [[Communist Party of Peru - Red Fatherland]] (''Partido Comunista del Perú (Patria Roja)''). In 1977, Patria Roja broke into 2 factions, one of which took the name "Puka Llacta" Communist Party of Peru,<ref name="pr">{{cite web|author=Sindicato Unitario de Trabajadores en la Educación del Perú- Región Lima Metropolitana|title=''Deslinde con el anarquismo pro-patronal''|date=5 June 2024|url=https://www.pcdelp.patriaroja.org.pe/deslinde-con-el-anarquismo-propatronal/|accessdate=6 June 2024}}</ref> with the intention of making concrete actions toward a Maoist-style [[people's war]].{{cn|date=May 2024}} 

Like Patria Roja and most other Peruvian communist parties at the time, Puka Llacta was a clandestine organization. Its main bases of support were among workers in the central highlands mining regions of [[La Oroya]] and [[Cerro de Pasco]],<ref name="reid"></ref> and in the southern department of [[Department of Puno|Puno]].<ref name="renique">{{cite book|author=Renique, José Luís|title=La batalla por Puno: Conflicto agrario y nación en los Andes peruanos, 1866-1995|publisher=Universidad Nacional de Juliaca & La Siniestra Ensayos|date=2016}}</ref>

Puka Llacta did not participate in the nationwide general strike of 19 July 1977, which paralyzed the country and led to the end of the [[Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Peru|military government]] of [[Francisco Morales Bermúdez]], charging that it was a "revisionist" maneuver.  Puka Llacta then controlled the leading bodies of the Centromín Perú Workers' Federation (''Federación de Trabajadores de Centromín Perú''), and kept that union out of the strike.<ref name="pr"></ref>

Puka Llacta itself soon split into three distinct, but seemingly connected factions.<ref name="reid">{{cite book|author=Reid, Michael|title=Peru: Paths to Poverty|date=1985|publisher=Latin America Bureau (Research and Action) Limited (London)|page=11}}</ref> One of those factions merged into the [[Shining Path]] at the start of that party's [[Peruvian_conflict|armed insurgency]].<ref name="reid"></ref><ref name="taylor">{{cite book|author=Taylor, Lewis|title=Maoism in the Andes: Sendero Luminoso and the Contemporary Guerrilla Movement in Peru|publisher=Centre for Latin American Studies, University of Liverpool|date=1983}}</ref><ref name="manrique">{{cite journal|author-link=Nelson Manrique|author=Manrique, Nelson|title=La década de la violencia|journal=Márgenes|volume=III|issue=5–6|date=December 1989|pages=137–182|url=https://cedoc.sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/public/pdf/revistas/margenes/Margenes%20Nro%205-6.pdf}}</ref> In Puno, for example, the Shining Path's first urban cells were composed of militants from Puka Llacta.<ref name="renique"></ref>

Another of the Puka Llacta factions undertook armed propaganda on its own in the [[Mantaro Valley]] in the mid-1980s, challenging the Shining Path's hegemony on armed actions. By 1988, however, this competing armed column had been eliminated by the Shining Path.<ref name="manrique"></ref>

In 2001, David Jimenez Sardon, who used to be affiliated with Puka Llacta, was elected regional president of [[Department of Puno|Puno]] under the political party called Autonomous Regional Quechua Aymara. Jimenez, an agronomist from the UNA and manager of the EEAA in Junin and Ancash, had a campaign team composed of relatives and old Puka Llacta comrades.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Communist parties in Peru]]
[[Category:Internal conflict in Peru]]
[[Category:Paramilitary organisations based in Peru]]
[[Category:Maoist organizations]]
[[Category:Rebel groups in Peru]]


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