View source for Prix Guzman

{{Short description|Prizes for communication with extraterrestrials, and heart medicine}}
The '''Prix Pierre Guzman''' ('''Pierre Guzman Prize''') was the name given to two prizes, one astronomical and one medical.  Both were established by the will of Anne Emilie Clara Goguet (died June 30, 1891), wife of Marc Guzman, and named after her son Pierre Guzman.<ref name="nyac" />

==Astronomical==
This prize was a sum of 100,000 francs, to be given to a person who succeeded in communicating with a celestial body, other than Mars, and receiving a response.  Until this occurred, the will also allowed for the accumulated interest on the 100,000 francs to be given, every five years, to a person who had made significant progress in astronomy.  The prize was to be awarded by the French [[Académie des sciences]].<ref name="nyac">pp. 2-7 (minutes of meeting), ''Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences'', series I, '''11''' (October–November 1891; issue 1-2), {{doi|10.1111/j.2164-0947.1891.tb01835.x}}.</ref>  Pierre Guzman had been interested in the work of [[Camille Flammarion]], the author of ''[[La planète Mars et ses conditions d'habitabilité]]'' (The Planet Mars and Its Conditions of Habitability, 1892).  Communication with Mars was specifically exempted as many people believed that Mars was inhabited at the time and communication with that planet would not be a difficult enough challenge.<ref>Camille Flammarion, ''Dreams of an Astronomer'', trans. [[E. E. Fournier D'Albe]] (New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1923), p. 154.</ref>  The prize was later announced in 1900 by the French [[Académie des sciences]].<ref>[http://ark.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3087z/f1147.image.r= ''Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences'', '''131''' (1900), p. 1147].</ref>

The five-yearly prize of interest was awarded, starting in 1905, as follows:
* In Dec. 1905, to [[Henri Joseph Anastase Perrotin]].<ref>[http://ark.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3095m/f1071.image.r= ''Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences'', '''141''' (1905), p. 1071].</ref><ref>p. 491, ''Bulletin de la Société astronomique de France'', '''20''' (1906).</ref>  A portion of the prize was also given to [[Louis Fabry]].<ref>[http://ark.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3095m/f1077.image.r= ''Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences'', '''141''' (1905), p. 1077].</ref><ref>p. 339, ''Bulletin de la société de géographie de Marseille'', '''29''' (1905).</ref>
* In Dec. 1910, to [[Maurice Loewy]].<ref>[http://ark.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k31042/f1187.image.r= ''Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences'', '''151''' (1910), p. 1187].</ref>

The prize was awarded to the crew of [[Apollo 11]] in 1969.<ref>Michael Collins, ''Mission To Mars'', ({{ISBN|0802111602}}, Grove Weidenfeld, 1990), p. 6.</ref><ref>p. 60, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=cfBOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=twEEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7455%2C6352421 "Apollo 11 Crew Awarded Medals for Moon Trip"], [[The Blade (Toledo, Ohio)|''The Blade'' (Toledo, Ohio, USA)]], Dec. 10, 1969.</ref>

==Medical==
This prize was a sum of 50,000 francs, to be awarded by the French [[Académie de médecine]], to be given to a person who succeeded in developing an effective treatment for the most common forms of heart disease.  Until this occurred, the will also allowed for the accumulated interest to be given yearly to someone who had made progress in heart disease.<ref name="nyac" /><ref>p. 222, [https://archive.org/details/b24749473 ''L'Aesculpe: guide pratique à l'usage des étudiants et des docteurs en médecine'', Paris: Masson & Cie, 1905].</ref>

The yearly prize of interest was awarded as follows:
* In 1903, to Paul Bergougnan.<ref>[http://ark.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k408710h/f545.image.r= p. 545, ''Bulletin de l'Académie de médecine'', 3rd series, '''50''' (1903)].</ref>
* In 1905, to Gillet, with an honorable  mention to Braillon.<ref>[http://ark.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4087141/f425.image.r= pp. 424-425, ''Bulletin de l'Académie de médecine'', 3rd series, '''54''' (1905)].</ref>

==See also==

* [[List of astronomy awards]]
* [[List of medicine awards]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* p.&nbsp;131, ''Patrick Moore's Data Book of Astronomy'', Patrick Moore and Robin Rees, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, 2011, {{ISBN|1107671655}}.
* p.&nbsp;282, "Idée d'une Communication Entre les Mondes a Propos d'un Testament Astronomique", C. Flammarion, ''L'Astronomie'' '''10''' (1891), pp.&nbsp;282–287, {{bibcode|1891LAstr..10..282F}}.
* "The Strange Case of Madame Guzman and the Mars Mystique", [[Frank H. Winter]], ''Griffith Observer'' '''48''' (Feb. 1984), pp.&nbsp;2–15, {{bibcode|1984GriO...48....2W}}.
* [http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1891/09/14/page/9/article/mme-guzmans-curious-will "Mme. Guzman's Curious Will"], ''Chicago Tribune'', Sep. 14, 1891, p.&nbsp;9.

{{Interstellar messages}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guzman Prize}}
[[Category:Astronomy prizes]]
[[Category:Medicine awards]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1891]]
[[Category:History of spaceflight]]
[[Category:Interstellar messages]]
[[Category:Awards of the French Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:1891 establishments in France]]