View source for Print circulation

{{Short description|Number of printed copies of a publication}}
{{About|a principal type of circulation as a measure of readership|the other principal type|Library circulation}}
[[File:A stack of newspapers.jpg|thumb|200px|Part of a newspaper print circulation]]
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2019}}
'''Print circulation''' is the average number of copies of a [[publication]]. The number of copies of a non-periodical publication (such as a book) are usually called '''print run'''. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called '''paid circulation''', since some issues are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy is read by more than one person.

== Concept ==
Print circulation is a good [[proxy (statistics)|proxy measure]] of print [[Target audience|readership]] and is thus one of the principal factors used to set print [[advertising]] rates (prices). In many countries, circulations are [[audit]]ed by independent bodies such as the [[Audit Bureau of Circulations (disambiguation)|Audit Bureau of Circulations]] to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international [[open access]] directories such as ''Mondo Times'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://guides.library.queensu.ca/aboriginal-curriculum-resources/native-studies-resources/aboriginal-publishers|title=Aboriginal Curriculum Resources|website=[[Queen's University at Kingston#Libraries, museums, and galleries|Queen's University Library]]|date=December 9, 2016|access-date=December 25, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226060358/http://guides.library.queensu.ca/aboriginal-curriculum-resources/native-studies-resources/aboriginal-publishers|archive-date=December 26, 2016}}</ref> but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves.

== World newspapers with the largest circulation ==
The [[World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers]] (WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://twocircles.net/2011dec30/print_media_grows_625_urdu_no_3.html|title=Print Media grows by 6.25%; Urdu at No. 3|work=twocircles.net|date=December 29, 2011 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601000336/http://twocircles.net/2011dec30/print_media_grows_625_urdu_no_3.html|archive-date=June 1, 2012}}</ref> In 2010, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 110.78 million a day, ahead of India in second with 100.993 million, followed by Japan, with 50.4 million; the United States, with 48.5 million; and Germany, with 19.7 million. In the 2019 survey, among the top 10 newspapers, all were Asian newspapers and four were Japanese newspapers.

The Japanese ''[[Yomiuri Shimbun]]'' ({{lang|ja|読売新聞}}), ''[[Asahi Shimbun]]'' ({{lang|ja|朝日新聞}})  are still the [[List of newspapers in the world by circulation|largest circulated]] newspapers in the world.  ''[[The Times of India]]'' is the [[List of newspapers in the world by circulation|largest circulated]] English-language daily newspaper in the world, across all formats (Broadsheet, Compact, Berliner and Online). ''[[Reference News]]'' ({{lang|zh-Hans|《参考消息》}}) is the most popular paper in China.

According to the [[Guinness Book of Records]], the daily circulation of the Soviet newspaper ''[[Komsomolskaya Pravda]]'' exceeded 21,500,000 in 1990, while the Soviet weekly {{lang|ru-latn|[[Argumenty i Fakty]]}} boasted a circulation of 33,500,000 in 1991.

In many developed countries, print circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy.

==Individual countries==
===Australia===
{{Main list|List of newspapers in Australia by circulation}}

''[[The Herald Sun]]'' has the highest circulation in Australia. Based in one of the country's two major cities, [[Melbourne]], it is the result of the amalgamation of the original ''Sun'' and ''Herald'' newspapers.

===Belgium===
The Belgian institution CIM (Centre for Information about Media) publishes national circulation figures for all written, audiovisual and web-based media in Belgium. The top ten best-selling papers according to their website [http://www.cim.be/auth/en/d/dp.html] are {{Lang|nl|[[Het Laatste Nieuws]]}}, 317,715; {{Lang|nl|[[Het Nieuwsblad]]}}, 245,209; [[SUD Presse]] (group of papers focused on community specific content), 147,749; {{Lang|nl|[[Het Belang van Limburg]]}}, 121,428; [[Le Soir]], 113,780; Vers l'avenir, 109,287 (group of papers focused on community specific content); [[La Dernière Heure]], 107,583; {{Lang|nl|[[De Standaard]]}}, 104,758.

===Canada===
{{Main list|List of Canadian newspapers by circulation}}{{Update|section|date=May 2021|reason=Toronto Star is no longer the most circulated newspaper in Canada}}
The most widely read paper in the country is the ''[[Toronto Star]]'', which, as of the six-month period ending on March 31, 2007, averaged 634,886 copies sold on Saturday, 436,694 Monday to Friday, and 442,265 on Sunday.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cna-acj.ca/client/cna/ult.nsf/CCData/Toronto%20Star |title=Canadian Circulation Data|access-date=October 20, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927005853/http://www.cna-acj.ca/client/cna/ult.nsf/CCData/Toronto%20Star |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref> The second most widely read paper is Toronto-based national newspaper ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', which averaged 374,000 copies on Saturdays, and 303,000 Monday to Friday. The most widely read French-language newspaper is [[Le Journal de Montréal]], which averaged 319,899 copies on Saturday, 267,404 Monday to Friday, and 264,733 on Sunday. Unlike in the United States, newspapers in Canada published their biggest and mostly widely read editions on Saturdays.

===India===
{{Main list|List of newspapers in India by circulation}}

The [[Audit Bureau of Circulations (India)|Audit Bureau of Circulations]]<ref name=ABCIND>{{cite web| url= http://www.auditbureau.org/files/JD2018%20Highest%20Circulated%20(language%20wise).pdf | title=Highest Circulated Daily Newspapers (language wise)| publisher=[[Audit Bureau of Circulations (India)|Audit Bureau of Circulations]] |access-date=5 January 2019}}</ref>  shows that the largest read local language newspapers to be [[Dainik Bhaskar]] (with 4.320 million readers) and [[Dainik Jagran]] (with 3.410 million readers), both published in [[Hindi]]. The [[Times of India]] is the most widely read [[English language]] newspaper ( 3.029 million), followed by [[Malayala Manorama]] (2.370 million),  [[Amar Ujala]] (2.067 million), [[Hindustan Times]] (1.132 million), [[Eenadu]] (1.732 million), [[Daily Thanthi]] is a Tamil daily (1.498 million), [[Anandabazar Patrika]] is Bengali language newspaper(1.075 million). [[Malayala Manorama]] newspaper which is published in [[Malayalam]] from Kerala, currently has a readership of over 2.370 million (with a circulation base of over 2.4 million copies) has the most circulation in other languages.

===Japan===
{{Main list|List of newspapers in Japan}}

The 2022 circulation figures for the morning and evening editions of Japan's newspapers: [[Yomiuri Shimbun]], 6,870,000; The [[Asahi Shimbun]], 5,890,000; [[Mainichi Shimbun]], 2,572,000; [[Nihon Keizai Shimbun]], 1,731,000; [[Chunichi Shimbun]]/[[Tokyo Shimbun]],2,871 ,000;  [[Sankei Shimbun]], 1,330 ,000; [[Nikkan Sports]], 1,661 ,828; [[Hokkaido Shimbun]], 1,896,594;  [[Shizuoka Shimbun]], 1,479,000; .

===Norway===
The [[Norwegian Media Businesses' Association]] publishes national circulation figures for every newspaper in Norway every year. In 2011 the most read newspaper was the [[Oslo]]-based national newspaper [[Aftenposten]], with a circulation of 235,795 followed by the tabloid [[Verdens Gang]] with 211,588. The local evening newspaper [[Aftenposten|Aften]]  averages 101,574 and the tabloid [[Dagbladet]] had 98,989 readers. The financial newspaper [[Dagens Næringsliv]] averaged 82,595. In the top ten list it is followed by five local newspapers: [[Bergens Tidende]], 79,467; [[Adresseavisen]], 71,657; [[Stavanger Aftenblad]], 63,283; [[Fædrelandsvennen]], 36,604 and [[Drammens Tidende]], 33,352.<ref>[http://www.opplag.no/index.php/download_file/view/79/80/ Opplagstallene for aviser, magasin og ukeblader for 2011] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618122811/http://www.opplag.no/index.php/download_file/view/79/80/ |date=June 18, 2012 p1236"!,98844}}. Opplag.no</ref>

===Turkey ===
{{Main list|List of newspapers in Turkey}}

As of August 2016, the top 6 best-selling papers are respectively: [[Hürriyet]], 340,898; [[Sözcü]], 322,829; [[Sabah (newspaper)|Sabah]], 313,989; [[Posta (newspaper)|Posta]], 302,919; [[Habertürk]], 253,256 and [[Milliyet]], 143,577.

===United Kingdom===
{{Main list|List of newspapers in the United Kingdom by circulation}}

According to the [[Audit Bureau of Circulations (UK)|Audit Bureau of Circulations]] the newspaper with the UK's highest paid circulation is the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' at 652,866 as of February 2025.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pressgazette.co.uk/media-audience-and-business-data/media_metrics/most-popular-newspapers-uk-abc-monthly-circulation-figures-2/ | title=National press ABCs: Daily Mail dips below 800,000 for first time in January | date=February 22, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Daily Mail |url=https://www.abc.org.uk/product/2115 |publisher=[[Audit Bureau of Circulations (UK)|Audit Bureau of Circulations]] |date=13 February 2024 |access-date=3 March 2024 |archive-date=23 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923135549/https://www.abc.org.uk/product/2115 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===United States===
{{Main list|List of newspapers in the United States by circulation}}

The heyday of the newspaper industry was the 1940s, but the percentage of Americans reading newspapers began to decline with the increased competition from radio, television and, more recently, the Internet. A growing population helped the absolute circulation numbers continue to increase until the 1970s, where it remained stable until the 1990s, when absolute circulation numbers began declining.

Newspaper circulation numbers are reported to the [[Alliance for Audited Media]]. The best-selling papers in America, measured by combined daily average circulation as of March 31, 2013, are the ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'' with 2,378,827 in circulation; ''[[The New York Times]]'' at 1,865,318; and ''[[USA Today]]'' with 1,674,306. Overall, for the 593 reporting newspapers, daily circulation declined 0.7 percent year-over-year between March 2012 and March 2013. Sunday circulation was down 1.4 percent over the same period.<ref>{{cite web|title=Top 25 U.S. Newspapers For March 2013|url=http://www.auditedmedia.com/news/blog/top-25-us-newspapers-for-march-2013.aspx|access-date=June 9, 2013|date=April 30, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611122852/http://www.auditedmedia.com/news/blog/top-25-us-newspapers-for-march-2013.aspx|archive-date=June 11, 2013}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of newspapers by circulation]]
* [[List of magazines by circulation]]
* [[Newspaper delivery]]: The circulation department of a newspaper, in addition to soliciting subscriptions, also distributes them to subscribers to the print edition. The last step is newspaper delivery consisting of newspaper routes run either by motor vehicle or traditional adolescent "paper boys."
* [[Printer's key]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.newstornado.com/map// Newspaper Map (circulation worldwide)]
* [http://www.bpaww.com/ BPA Worldwide: Media Auditing]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170828204802/http://www.stateofthemedia.org/2004/newspapers-intro/audience/ The State of the Media 2004 from journalism.org]
* [http://auditedmedia.com/ Alliance for Audited Media web site]
* [http://en.kiosko.net/ The Front Pages of the Main Newspapers of the World]
* [http://www.editorandpublisher.com/eandp/yearbook/reports_trends.jsp Editor & Publisher Yearbook On-line with circulation statistics]
* [http://www.cna-acj.ca/client/cna/ult.nsf/ccsearch Searchable database of Canadian newspaper circulation figures from the Canadian Newspaper Association]
* [https://www.euroweeklynews.com English Newspaper in Spain]
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Publishing|Circulation]]
[[Category:Lists of newspapers by circulation| ]]