View source for Principality of Lippe

{{Short description|German principality (1789–1918)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox former country
| native_name            = {{native name|de|Fürstentum Lippe}}
| conventional_long_name = Principality of Lippe
| common_name            = Lippe
| status                 = [[States of the Holy Roman Empire|State]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]<br/>{{small|(1789–1806)}}<br/>State of the [[Confederation of the Rhine]]<br/>{{small|(1806–1813)}}<br/>[[States of the German Confederation|State]] of the [[German Confederation]]<br/>{{small|(1815–1866)}}<br/>State of the [[North German Confederation]]<br/>{{small|(1867–1871)}}<br/>[[States of the German Empire|Federated State]] of the [[German Empire]]<br/>{{small|(1871–1918)}}
| government_type        = [[Principality]]
| title_leader           = Prince
| leader1                = [[Leopold I, Prince of Lippe|Leopold I]] {{small|(first)}}
| year_leader1           = 1789–1802
| leader2                = [[Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe|Leopold IV]] {{small|(last)}}
| year_leader2           = 1905–1918
| year_start             = 1789
| date_start             = 
| event_start            = Raised to Principality
| year_end               = 1918
| event_end              = German Revolution
| date_end               = 12 November
| stat_year1             = 1910
| stat_pop1              = 150,000+
| stat_area1             = 1215
| p1                     = County of Lippe
| flag_p1                = Lippe-1687.PNG
| border_p1              = no
| s1                     = Free State of Lippe
| flag_s1                = Flagge Fürstentum Lippe.svg
| image_flag             = Flagge Fürstentum Lippe.svg
| image_coat             = Coat of Arms of the Principality of Lippe.svg
| image_map              = Lippe in the German Reich (1871).svg
| image_map2             = Lippe.png
| image_map_caption      = The Principality of Lippe within the [[German Empire]]
| map_caption2           = The Principality of Lippe in 1918
| capital                = [[Detmold]]
| common_languages       = [[West Low German]]
| religion               = [[Church of Lippe]]
}}
'''Lippe''' (later '''Lippe-Detmold''' and then again '''Lippe''') was a state in [[Germany]], ruled by the [[House of Lippe]]. It was located between the [[Weser]] river and the southeast part of the [[Teutoburg Forest]]. It originated as a state during the [[Holy Roman Empire]], and was promoted to the status of principality in 1789. During this period the ruling house split into a number of branches, with the main line residing at Detmold. During the [[Reformation]], Lippe had converted to [[Lutheranism]] in 1538 and then to [[Calvinism]] in 1604. 

From the demise of the empire in 1806, the principality was independent, but it joined the [[North German Confederation]] in 1866 and became one of the [[States of the German Empire]] in 1871. Over the course of the nineteenth century it gradually developed into a constitutional monarchy with moderate participation in government for the landed nobility. Its economy was overwhelmingly agrarian and among the weakest in the German Empire. After the last prince abdicated in 1918, it continued as a [[Free State of Lippe|Free State]] of Germany until it was merged into [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] in 1947.

==History==
===County of Lippe===
{{main|County of Lippe}}
The founder of what would become the County of Lippe (1528–1789), then the Principality of Lippe (1789–1918) was [[Bernard I, Lord of Lippe|Bernhard I]], who received a grant of territory from [[Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor|Lothair III]] in 1123. Bernhard I assumed the title of ''[[Edler]] Herr zu Lippe'' ("Noble Lord at Lippe"). The history of the dynasty and its further acquisitions of land really began with [[Bernard II, Lord of Lippe|Bernard II]]. His territory was probably formed out of land he acquired on the destruction of the [[Duchy of Saxony]] following the demise of [[Henry the Lion]] in 1180. [[Simon V, Count of Lippe|Simon V]] was the first ruler of Lippe to style himself as a count ({{lang|de|[[Graf]]}}) in 1528.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=740}}

Following the death of [[Simon VI, Count of Lippe|Simon VI]] in 1613, the county was partitioned between his three sons; Lippe-Detmold went to [[Simon V, Count of Lippe|Simon VII]], [[Lippe-Brake]] to [[Otto, Count of Lippe-Brake|Otto]] and [[Lippe-Alverdissen]] went to [[Philip I, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe|Philip I]]. The County of Lippe-Brake was reunited with the main Detmold line in 1709. A son of Simon VII, [[Jobst Herman, Count of Lippe|Jobst Herman]], founded another branch of the family, the [[Lippe-Biesterfeld]] line;{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=740}} the [[Lippe-Weissenfeld]] branch later separated from the Lippe-Biesterfelds. Both Lippe-Biesterfeld and Lippe-Weissenfeld were ''paragiums'' (non-sovereign estates of a cadet-branch) within the County of Lippe, and both branches, owning only modest manor houses in the county, acquired property in other states by marriage and moved out of the county in the late 18th century, the Biesterfeld branch to the Rhineland and the Weissenfeld branch to Saxony.

===Principality of Lippe===
[[File:D-NW-Bad Salzuflen-Wüsten - Grenzstein (groß) in Pehlen.jpg|thumb|upright|Boundary stone between the Principality of Lippe and the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] in [[Wüsten, Bad Salzuflen|Wüsten-Pehlen]]]]
[[Leopold I, Prince of Lippe|Leopold I]] (1767-1802) became the first Prince ({{lang|de|[[Fürst]]}}) of Lippe in 1789.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=740}} Following the dissolution of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] in 1806 Lippe joined Napoleon's [[Confederation of the Rhine]] in 1807. After the [[Napoleonic Wars]] Lippe became a member of the [[German Confederation]] in 1815, then joined the [[North German Confederation]] in 1866 and the [[German Empire]] in 1871. On 20 July 1895, Prince [[Woldemar, Prince of Lippe|Woldemar]] died childless. The title nominally passed to his brother [[Alexander, Prince of Lippe|Alexander]] who was incapable of governing due to mental illness. The [[regency]] initially passed to [[Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe|Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe]], in accordance with Woldemar's will.

Since the counts of Lippe-Biesterfled and Lippe-Weissenfeld also laid claim to the regency and the right to succeed Alexander, a succession dispute arose, which continued until 1905. The Schaumburg-Lippe claim was actively supported by Emperor [[Wilhelm II]] (whose [[Princess Viktoria of Prussia|sister]] was married to Prince Adolf). A ruling in the {{lang|de|[[Reichsgericht]]}} in [[Leipzig]] in 1897 decided the matter in favour of [[Ernest, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld]], who then assumed the regency. However, at the instruction of Wilhelm II, the military forces stationed in Lippe refused to address him as "illustrious" and denied the other honours that he was entitled to. In response, Ernest sent a letter round to the other sovereign princes of the German Empire in which he complained about the emperor's behaviour - an unprecedented action, which brought German public opinion strongly in favour of Ernest's position.<ref>[[s:Lippischer Erbfolgestreit|Lippischer Erbfolgestreit]] on [[Wikisource]]</ref>

After Ernest's death in 1904, his son [[Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe|Leopold]] assumed the regency. When Prince Alexander died the following year, the Reichsgericht finally recognised the right of the House Lippe-Biesterfeld to the succession and Leopold took the throne as Prince Leopold IV.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=740}}

The Principality of Lippe came to an end on 12 November 1918 with the abdication of Leopold IV, becoming the [[Free State of Lippe]].<ref>G. Benecke, ''Society and Politics in Germany, 1500–1750'', Routletge & Kegan Paul Ltd, 1974, p. 41.</ref> In 1947, Lippe merged into the state of [[North Rhine-Westphalia]]. The princely family still owns the estate and {{ill|Fürstliches Residenzschloss Detmold|de|lt=Fürstliches Residenzschloss}} in [[Detmold]].<ref>[https://www.welt.de/regionales/nrw/article150291583/Wo-Deutschland-fast-noch-eine-Monarchie-ist.html "Wo Deutschland fast noch eine Monarchie ist"] by Andreas Fasel, ''[[Die Welt]]'', 25 December 2015 {{in lang|de}}</ref>

== Government ==
An 1819/20 attempt to establish a [[constitution]] failed and the first basic law was passed in 1836. It was liberalised in 1849, restored in 1853 and then steadily modernised in 1853, 1876, and 1912. The 1876 electoral law abolished an [[Estates of the realm|estates]]-based system and introduced the [[Prussian three-class franchise|three-class franchise]], which did not offer a general, equal, or democratic possibility of participation to the citizens. Lippe increasingly developed into a [[constitutional monarchy]]. In 1836, a {{ill|Lippe Landtag|de|Landtag Lippe|lt=Landtag}} (parliament) was established, which gave moderate [[legislative power]] to the landed nobility. The highest national authority was the [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet]], headed by the [[Minister of State|State Minister]], which oversaw the top-level administrative and legal authorities. The top-level administrative authority was {{langx|de|Regierungsollegium}} (governing college). In 1868, the property of the princes and the property of the state were separated. The Princes retained a large personal estate, including palaces, land, forests, long-term leases, [[Bad Meinberg]], and the salt deposits at [[Bad_Salzuflen|Uflen]], which mostly came under state control after the abdication of Leopold IV in 1918. 

As a state of the German Empire, Lippe was represented on the [[Bundesrat (German Empire)|Bundesrat]] (Federal Council). Lippe had a single representative, who was selected by the landed nobility. The Bundesrat was dominated by [[Prussia]], which had 17 representatives, out of a total of 58, meaning that Lippe was practically irrelevant in the council. It was one of sixteen states with only one representative on the council.

===Law===
From 1817, Lippe fell under the {{ill|Oberappellationsgericht|de}} (upper appellate court) in [[Wolfenbüttel]], along with the [[Duchy of Brunswick]], and the principalities of [[Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe|Schaumberg-Lippe]] and [[Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont|Waldeck-Pyrmont]].<ref>Andreas Kunz (ed.): [http://www.hgisg-ekompendium.ieg-mainz.de/Dokumentation_Datensaetze/Multimedia/Staaten/Lippe-Detmold.pdf ''Lippe Detmold''.] (PDF; 37&nbsp;kB) in eKompendium-hgisg.de</ref> When the Wolfenbüttel court was abolished, an "interim upper appellate court" was established, which had oversight of the courts in Lippe. In 1857, Lippe placed itself under the {{lang|de|[[Oberlandsgericht]]}} (supreme regional court) at {{ill|Oberlandesgericht Celle|de|lt=Celle}} in the [[Kingdom of Hanover]]. After the Prussian annexation of Hannover in 1866, this was subordinated to the Prussian appellate system, but then became an {{lang|de|Oberlandsgericht}} once more in 1879. Its role as Lippe's {{lang|de|Oberlandsgericht}} was regulated by a treaty of 4 January 1879. Most of Lippe fell within the {{ill|Landgericht Detmold|de|Landgericht Detmold|lt=Detmold court district}}, which contained the {{lang|de|[[Amtsgericht]]e}} (district courts) of Blomberg, Detmold, Hohenhausen, Horn, Lage, Lemgo, Oerlinghausen, and Salzuflen. The [[exclave]]s of Lipperode and Cappel came under the Prussian district court in Lippstadt.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gonschior.de/weimar/Lippe/index.htm|title=Der Freistaat Lippe im Überblick|website=www.gonschior.de}}</ref><ref name="Meyers">{{Cite web|url=https://www.retrobibliothek.de/retrobib/seite.html?id=110459|title=retro&#124;bib - Seite aus Meyers Konversationslexikon: Lipnik - Lippe|website=www.retrobibliothek.de}}</ref> Lippe belonged to Celle until 1944.

===Administrative subdivisions===
{| class="wikitable floatright"
|+ Population by administrative district according to the 1871 census
|-
! Cities!! 1871 Population
|-
| [[Barntrup]] ||style="text-align:center"| {{0}}1116
|-
| [[Blomberg, North Rhine-Westphalia|Blomberg]] ||style="text-align:center"| {{0}}2203
|-
| [[Detmold]] ||style="text-align:center"| {{0}}6469
|-
| [[Horn-Bad Meinberg|Horn]] ||style="text-align:center"| {{0}}1717
|-
| [[Lage, North Rhine-Westphalia|Lage]] ||style="text-align:center"| {{0}}2514
|-
| [[Lemgo]] ||style="text-align:center"| {{0}}4801
|-
| [[Bad Salzuflen|Salzuflen]] ||style="text-align:center"| {{0}}2072
|-
! Ämter !! 1871 Population
|-
| [[Blomberg, North Rhine-Westphalia|Blomberg]] ||style="text-align:center"| {{0}}3608
|-
| {{ill|Brake, Lemgo|de|Brake (Lemgo)|lt=Brake}} ||style="text-align:center"| {{0}}7981
|-
| [[Detmold]] ||style="text-align:center"| {{0}}8513
|-
| {{ill|Hohenhausen, North Rhine-Westphalia|de|Hohenhausen|lt=Hohenhausen}} ||style="text-align:center"| {{0}}6482
|-
| [[Horn-Bad Meinberg|Horn]] ||style="text-align:center"| {{0}}5800
|-
| [[Lage, North Rhine-Westphalia|Lage]] ||style="text-align:center"| 13406
|-
| {{ill|Lipperode|de}} ||style="text-align:center"| {{0|00}}728
|-
| [[Oerlinghausen]] ||style="text-align:center"| {{0}}8571
|-
| [[Schieder-Schwalenberg|Schieder]] ||style="text-align:center"| {{0}}3660
|-
| {{ill|Schötmar|de}} ||style="text-align:center"| 10806
|-
| [[Schwalenberg]] ||style="text-align:center"| {{0}}6225
|-
| Sternberg-Barntrup ||style="text-align:center"| {{0}}9223
|-
| {{ill|Varenholz|de}} ||style="text-align:center"| {{0}}5140
|}
In 1879, the Principality was divided into five administrative subdivisions, called {{lang|de|[[Ämter]]}} (singular {{lang|de|Amt}}): [[Blomberg, North Rhine-Westphalia|Blomberg]], {{ill|Brake, Lemgo|de|Brake (Lemgo)|lt=Brake}}, [[Detmold]], {{ill|Schötmar|de}} and Lipperode-Cappel. The cities of [[Barntrup]], [[Blomberg, North Rhine-Westphalia|Blomberg]], [[Detmold]], [[Horn-Bad Meinberg|Horn]], [[Lage, North Rhine-Westphalia|Lage]], [[Lemgo]] and Salzuflen, as well as the village of [[Schwalenberg]] were outside of the Amt-system (Schwalenberg received the status of city in 1906).

In 1910, the system was reformed. Lippe was divided into five Verwaltungsämter, containing thirteen Ämter. 
* Verwaltungsamt Blomberg (Ämter Blomberg, Schieder and Schwalenberg) with 45 districts and an area of {{cvt|199.36|km2}}
* Verwaltungsamt Brake (Ämter Brake, Hohenhausen, Sternberg-Barntrup and Varenholz) with 64 districts and an area of {{cvt|364.60|km2}}
* Verwaltungsamt Detmold (Ämter Detmold, Horn and Lage) with 64 districts and an area of {{cvt|375.05|km2}}
* Verwaltungsamt Lipperode-Cappel (Amt Lipperode-Cappel) with 3&nbsp;districts and an area of {{cvt|7.66|km2}}
* Verwaltungsamt Schötmar (Ämter Oerlinghausen and Schötmar) with 34 districts and an area of {{cvt|158.06|km2}}
The eight cities remained outside the Amt-system.

== Economy==
[[File:Hoffmann's Stärkefabriken Ansicht 1890.jpg|thumb|[[Hoffmann's Stärkefabriken]] around 1890]]
On the whole, Lippe was always an agrarian state and, in economic terms, was one of the weakest states in the German Empire. The [[loess]] floodplains of the [[Werre]] and the [[Bega (Werre)|Bega]] always enabled intensive agriculture. In the less fertile sandy soils of the [[Senne (Germany)|Senne]] region, on the other hand, intensive agriculture was not possible. Instead, activity focussed on [[animal husbandry]] and the breeding of [[Senner]] horses at {{ill|Jagdschloss Lopshorn|de}}.<ref name="Meyers" />

Industry existed only on a limited scale and was mostly based on the direct extraction of the land's mineral and forest resources. This was partially a consequence of the power of the landed nobility and the unfriendly attitude of the monarchs towards economic undertakings at the beginning of the [[Industrial Revolution]]. The monarchy's economic interventions focussed mainly on securing their own economic power, which rested more on the direct income from the princes' own estates, forests, salt mines and health baths, than on taxes on independent production and trade.<ref name="Meyers" /> 

The textile industry supported [[flax]] farming and [[linen]] production. The largest industrial concern was probably [[Hoffmann's Stärkefabriken]]. The Principality also had a significant [[sepiolite]] industry in Lemgo, [[salt evaporation pond]]s in Salzuflen (1878: 1,240,000 kg of salt) and a timber industry, which still exists today, with numerous [[sawmill]]s processing material from Lippe's forests. As in neighbouring Prussia, the [[cigar]] industry also gained particular significance. Like the textile industry, it was partially organised in a [[Proto-industrialization|proto-industrial]] fashion, through the [[putting-out system]]. There were also beer breweries (e.g. {{ill|Privat-Brauerei Strate Detmold|de|lt=Strate}} and {{ill|Falkenkrug|de}}), [[brickworks]], a sugar factory in Lage, and [[oil mill]]s. The [[spa town]]s of [[Bad Meinberg]] und [[Bad Salzuflen]] also gained economic significance.<ref name="Meyers" />

For industry, the construction of the [[Herford–Himmighausen railway|Lippe railway]] (1880) and the {{ill|Bielefeld–Hameln railway|de|Bahnstrecke Bielefeld–Hameln|lt=Lippische branch line}} (1895) was important, since they connected the region to the [[Hamm–Minden railway]].<ref name="Meyers" />

== Military==
[[File:Knötel II, 27.jpg|thumb|Lippe Guard (right), in the Prince's division]]
A Lippe battalion was formed on 5 May 1807, the 2nd battalion of the 5th infantry regiment of the Prince's Division of the [[Confederation of the Rhine]]. It also included a [[Company (military unit)|company]] from [[Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe|Schaumburg-Lippe]]. In 1867, Lippe concluded a {{ill|military convention|de|Militärkonvention}} with [[Prussia]], becoming part of the catchment area for Prussia's 26th Infantry brigade of the [[13th Division (German Empire)|13th Division]] ([[VII Corps (German Empire)|VII Corps]]). Following the integration of Lippe into the [[Prussian Army]], the Prince's Division was dissolved on 27 May 1867. The Lippe soldiers were mainly employed in the {{ill|55th (6th Westphalian) Infantry Regiment "Count Bülow von Dennewitz"|de|Infanterie-Regiment „Graf Bülow von Dennewitz“ (6. Westfälisches) Nr. 55}}. The regiment's headquarters and its 3rd battalion were based in Detmold by 1918. 

A white-blue-red uniform based on that of France was introduced for the Lippe soldiers in 1815. This uniform was also depicted on the ''[[Notgeld]]'' issued by the city of Detmold in the 1920s and bottles of ''Lipper Schütze'' [[schnapps]] were modelled on it, ensuring that it remained part of the popular imagination. By 1867, at the latest, Lippe soldiers had switched to using the Prussian uniform and could only be distinguished from other troops by the Lippe [[cockade]] in the national colours (yellow-red-yellow).

In reality, Lippe no longer had a military of its own after 1867 and even before that was in no position to maintain an independent force the size of a regiment. The song ''{{ill|Lippe-Detmold, eine wunderschöne Stadt|de}}'' ("Lippe-Detmold, a wonderful city") presents a caricature of this military weakness and became a kind of national song for Lippe. In the song, a Lippe soldier goes to war and is shot dead, forcing his general to abandon the campaign, because he had been the Lippe army's only soldier. The Lippe ''Notgeld'' of the 1920s was inspired by the song. Despite this, Lippe retained a certain military significance as the site of the [[Sennelager Training Area]].

==List of princes of Lippe==
{{For|the previous rulers of Lippe|House of Lippe #Rulers of Lippe}}
{|class="wikitable" text-align:center;"
! colspan="7" style="background:#eef; text-align:center;" |Princes of Lippe
|- bgcolor=#cccccc
!Name
! style="width: 100px" |Portrait
!Born
!Reign
!Death
!Consort
!Notes
|- 
| [[Leopold I, Prince of Lippe|Leopold I]]||[[File:Leopold I. Fürst zur Lippe.jpg|100px]] ||2 December 1767||1789–1802||4 April 1802||[[Princess Pauline of Anhalt-Bernburg|Pauline Christine of Anhalt-Bernburg]]<br/>2 January 1796||Count of Lippe-Detmold from 1782
|- bgcolor=#f8f8d8
|align="center"colspan="7"|''Regency of [[Princess Pauline of Anhalt-Bernburg|Pauline Christine of Anhalt-Bernburg]] (1802–1820)''
|- 
| [[Leopold II, Prince of Lippe|Leopold II]]||[[File:Leopold II., Fürst zur Lippe-Detmold.jpg|100px]] ||6 November 1796||1802–1851||1 January 1851||[[Emilia Frederica of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen]]<br/>23 April 1820||Succeeded while underage and assumed full powers in 1820.
|-
| [[Leopold III, Prince of Lippe|Leopold III]]||[[File:LeopoldIIILippe.jpg|100px]] ||1 September 1821||1851–1875||8 December 1875||[[Elisabeth of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt]]<br/>17 April 1852|| Left no descendants. The principality fell to his brother.
|-
| [[Woldemar, Prince of Lippe|Woldemar]]||[[File:Woldemar of Lippe.jpg|100px]] ||18 April 1824||1875–1895||20 March 1895||[[Princess Sophie of Baden|Sophie of Baden]]<br/>9 November 1858|| Left no descendants. The principality fell to his brother.
|- bgcolor=#f8f8d8
|align="center"colspan="7"| ''Regencies of [[Ernest, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld]] (1895–1904) and [[Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe|Leopold, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld]] (1904–1905)''
|-
| [[Alexander, Prince of Lippe|Alexander]]||[[File:Alexander zur Lippe.jpg|100px]] ||16 January 1831||1895–1905||13 January 1905||''Unmarried''||Incapable of exercising office due to mental illness.
|-
|[[Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe|Leopold IV]]||[[File:Porträt der Fürst Leopold IV von Lippe.png|100px]] ||30 May 1871||1905–1918||30 December 1949||[[Bertha of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld]]<br/>16 August 1901<br/>[[Princess Anna of Ysenburg and Büdingen|Anna of Ysenburg and Büdingen]]<br/>16 April 1922|| From the [[Lippe-Biesterfeld]] line, regent of Lippe from 1904.<br>In 1918, he abdicated following the dissolution of the monarchy.
|}

===List of state ministers===
{| class="wikitable" text-align:center;"
! colspan="8" style="background:#eef; text-align:center;" |Heads of government of Lippe
|- style="background:#eef;"
! 
! Name 
! Portrait
! Birth–Death
! Party<br/>affiliation
! Took office
! Left office
|-
|
|{{ill|Karl Friedrich Funk von Senftenau|de}}
|[[File:LLB-Karl-Funk-zu-Senftenau.jpg|100px]]
|1748–1828
|N/A
|1810
|1828
|-
|
|{{ill|Friedrich Wilhelm Helwing|de}}
|[[File:Helwing, Friedrich Wilhelm.jpg|100px]]
|1758–1833
|N/A
|1829
|1832
|-
|
|{{ill|Wilhelm Arnold Eschenburg|de}}
|[[File:Wilhelm Arnold Eschenburg.png|100px]]
|1778–1861
|N/A
|1832
|1848
|-
|
|{{ill|Friedrich Simon Leopold Petri|de}}
|[[File:Petri, Friedrich Simon Leopold.jpg|100px]]
|1775–1850
|N/A
|1848
|1850
|-
|
|{{ill|Christian Theodor von Meien|de}}
|[[File:Meien, Christian Theodor von.jpg|100px]]
|1781–1857
|N/A
|1850
|1853
|-
|
|{{ill|Laurenz Hannibal Fischer|de}}
|[[File:Fischer, Laurenz Hannibal.jpg|100px]]
|1784–1868
|N/A
|1853
|1855
|-
|
|{{ill|Alexander von Oheimb|de}}
|[[File:Alexander von Oheimb 1867 (IZ 48-150 HScherenberg).jpg|100px]]
|1820–1903
|N/A
|1856
|1868
|-
|
|{{ill|Carl Theodor Heldman|de}}
|[[File:Heldman, Carl Theodor.jpg|100px]]
|1801–1872
|N/A
|1868
|1872
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|German Conservative Party}}"|
|{{ill|Adalbert von Flottwell|de}}
|
|1829–1909
|[[German Conservative Party|DkP]]
|1872
|1875
|-
|
|{{ill|August Eschenburg (politician)|de|August Eschenburg (Politiker)|lt=August Eschenburg}}
|[[File:Eschenburg, August.jpg|100px]]
|1823–1904
|N/A
|1876
|1885
|-
|
|{{ill|Hugo Samuel von Richthofen|de}}
|[[File:Richthofen, Hugo von.jpg|100px]]
|1842–1904
|N/A
|1885
|1889
|-
|
|{{ill|Friedrich Otto Hermann von Wolffgramm|de}}
|[[File:Wolffgramm, Friedrich Otto Hermann von.jpg|100px]]
|1836–1895
|N/A
|1889
|1895
|-
|
|{{ill|Karl Friedrich von Oertzen|de}}
|[[File:Oertzen, Karl von.jpg|100px]]
|1844–1914
|N/A
|1895
|1897
|-
|
|{{ill|Karl Miesitschek von Wischkau|de}}
|
|1859–1937
|N/A
|1897
|1899
|-
|
|{{ill|Max von Gevekot|de}}
|[[File:Max von Gevekot.jpg|100px]]
|1845–1916
|N/A
|1900
|1912
|-
|
|{{ill|Karl Ludwig von Biedenweg|de}}
|
|1864–1940
|N/A
|1913
|1918
|}

==See also==
* [[List of consorts of Lippe#Princess of Lippe|List of consorts of Lippe]]
* [[Ostwestfalen-Lippe]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==

'''Attribution'''
*{{EB1911 |wstitle=Lippe (principality) |display=Lippe |volume=16 |pages=740–741}}

==Further reading==
*A. Falkmann, ''Beiträge zur Geschichte des Fürstenthums Lippe'' (Detmold, 1857–1892; 6 vols.)
*Schwanold, ''Das Fürstentum Lippe, das Land und seine Bewohner'' (Detmold, 1899)
*Piderit, ''Die lippischen Edelherrn im Mittelalter'' (Detmold, 1876)
*A. Falkmann and O. Preuss, ''Lippische Regenten'' (Detmold, 1860–1868)
*H. Triepel, ''Der Streit um die Thronfolge im Fürstentum Lippe'' (Leipzig, 1903)
*P. Laband, ''Die Thronfolge im Fürstentum Lippe'' (Freiburg, 1891)
*''Schiedsspruch in dem Rechtstreit über die Thronfolge im Fürstentum Lippe vom 25 Okt.'' 1905 (Leipzig, 1906)

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/ku.php?tab=pro&ID=40 Ordinances and by-laws of the county of Lippe online] {{in lang|de}}
*[http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/ku.php?tab=que&ID=1 Guidelines for the integration of the Land Lippe within the territory of the federal state North-Rhine-Westphalia] of 17 January 1947 {{in lang|de}}

{{Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle}}
{{States of the Confederation of the Rhine}}
{{States of the German Confederation}}
{{States of the North German Confederation}}
{{States of the German Empire}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lippe, Principality}}
[[Category:Principality of Lippe| ]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1918]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1123]]
[[Category:States of the Confederation of the Rhine]]
[[Category:States of the German Empire]]
[[Category:Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle]]
[[Category:Lists of princes]]
[[Category:Former principalities]]
[[Category:Principalities of the Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:1120s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:1123 establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:1918 disestablishments in Germany]]
[[Category:Former states and territories of North Rhine-Westphalia]]
[[Category:States of the North German Confederation]]