View source for Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon

{{Short description|British princess (1930–2002)}}
{{Redirect|Princess Margaret}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Princess Margaret
| title        = [[Earl of Snowdon|Countess of Snowdon]] {{noprint inline|([[#Titles and styles|more]])}}
| image        = File:Princess Margaret 1950 (F1257 s1057 it4930).jpg
| caption      = Formal portrait, 1950
| alt          = Photograph of Margaret, 1950
| birth_name   = Princess Margaret Rose of York
| birth_date   = {{birth date|1930|8|21|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Glamis Castle]], Angus, Scotland
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|2002|2|9|1930|8|21|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[King Edward VII's Hospital]], London, England
| burial_date  = 15 February 2002
| burial_place = {{hanging indent|Ashes placed in the Royal Vault, [[St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle|St&nbsp;George's Chapel]]}} {{br separated entries|9 April 2002|{{hanging indent|Ashes interred in the [[King George VI Memorial Chapel]], St&nbsp;George's Chapel}}}}
| spouse       = {{marriage|[[Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon]]|6 May 1960|11 July 1978|end=divorce}}
| issue        = {{plain list|
* [[David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon]]
* [[Lady Sarah Chatto]]
}}
| house        = [[House of Windsor|Windsor]]
| father       = [[George VI]]
| mother       = [[Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon]]
| signature    = UK-Royal-Signature Margaret.svg
}}

'''Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon''' (Margaret Rose; 21 August 1930 – 9 February 2002), was the younger daughter of [[King George VI]] and [[Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother]], and the only sibling of [[Queen Elizabeth II]]. Born when her parents were the [[Duke of York|Duke]] and [[Duchess of York]], she became second [[in line to the British throne]] after her [[Proclamation of accession of George VI|father's accession]] in 1936, though her place in the succession declined as her sister's children and grandchildren were born.

Margaret spent much of her childhood with her family and elder sister. During the [[Second World War]], the princess remained at [[Windsor Castle]] despite suggestions that she and Elizabeth should be evacuated to [[Canada]]. Too young to perform official duties, she continued her education while her sister undertook public responsibilities. Her [[Death and state funeral of George VI|father's death]] in 1952, which brought Elizabeth to the throne, marked a turning point in Margaret's life and coincided with her relationship with [[Peter Townsend (RAF officer)|RAF officer Peter Townsend]].

Celebrated for her glamour and social life, Margaret attracted widespread attention in the 1950s for her romance with Townsend, which she ended under pressure from government and church. In 1960 she married photographer [[Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon|Antony Armstrong‑Jones]], later [[Earl of Snowdon]], with whom she had two children, [[David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon|David]] and [[Lady Sarah Chatto|Sarah]], before their divorce in 1978. Margaret's private life, including her reputed romances and social circle, was often the subject of speculation by the press.

Her divorce and lifestyle drew controversy, and she became a symbol of both royal modernity and scandal. A heavy smoker, her health declined in later years, and from 1998 she suffered a series of strokes. She died in 2002, aged 71, following another stroke, and is remembered as one of the most glamorous and controversial members of the [[British royal family]].

==Early life==
Margaret was born at 9:22{{nbsp}}pm on 21 August 1930 at [[Glamis Castle]] in Scotland,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=33636 |date=22 August 1930 |page=5225}}</ref> her mother's ancestral home.<ref>Heald, p. 1; Warwick, pp. 27–28</ref> She was the younger daughter of [[Prince Albert, Duke of York]] (later King George VI), and [[Elizabeth, Duchess of York]] (later Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother). She was affectionately known within the royal family as Margot,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1384455/A-tale-of-two-sisters-enduring-affection.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1384455/A-tale-of-two-sisters-enduring-affection.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title= A tale of two sisters' enduring affection |last=Davies |first=Caroline |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=11 February 2002}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and was the first member of the royal family in direct line of succession to be born in Scotland since the 1600s.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/find_out/guides/uk/princess_margaret/newsid_1811000/1811106.stm|title=Princess Margaret – Growing up|work=CBBC|date=9 February 2002|accessdate=26 June 2022|archive-date=26 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626071725/http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/find_out/guides/uk/princess_margaret/newsid_1811000/1811106.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> She was delivered by Sir [[Henry Simson]], the royal obstetrician.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Henry John Forbes Simson 1872–1932|journal=BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology|volume=39|issue=4|pages=920–923|date=December 1932|doi=10.1111/j.1471-0528.1932.tb16082.x|s2cid=221490066}}</ref> The [[Home Secretary]], [[J. R. Clynes]], was present to verify the birth. The [[birth registration|registration of her birth]] was delayed for several days to [[Triskaidekaphobia|avoid her being numbered thirteen]] in the [[parish register]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/maam-darling-the-princess-driven-by-loyalty-and-duty-1146783.html|title= Ma'am darling: The princess driven by loyalty and duty|author-first1=Fiammetta|author-last1=Rocco|work= The Independent|date= 25 February 1998|access-date= 10 April 2013|archive-date= 26 June 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190626222024/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/maam-darling-the-princess-driven-by-loyalty-and-duty-1146783.html|url-status= live}}</ref> Margaret was baptised in the private chapel at [[Buckingham Palace]] on 30 October by [[Cosmo Lang]], the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]].{{refn|Her godparents were: the [[Edward VIII|Prince of Wales]] (her paternal uncle, for whom his brother [[Prince George, Duke of Kent|Prince George]] stood proxy); [[Princess Ingrid of Sweden]] (her paternal cousin, for whom another cousin, [[Lady Patricia Ramsay]], stood proxy); [[Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom|Princess Victoria]] (her paternal great-aunt); [[Lady Rose Leveson-Gower]] (her maternal aunt); and the Hon [[David Bowes-Lyon]] (her maternal uncle).<ref>Heald, p. 6; Warwick, p. 33</ref>}}

At the time of her birth, Margaret was fourth in the line of [[succession to the British throne]]. Her father was the second son of [[King George V]] and [[Mary of Teck|Queen Mary]], and her mother was the youngest daughter of [[Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]], and [[Cecilia Bowes-Lyon, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne]]. The Duchess of York originally wanted to name her second daughter Ann Margaret, as she explained to Queen Mary in a letter: "I am very anxious to call her Ann Margaret, as I think Ann of York sounds pretty, & Elizabeth and Ann go so well together."<ref>Warwick, p. 31</ref> George V disliked the name Ann but approved of the alternative, Margaret Rose.<ref>Warwick, pp. 31–32</ref>

Margaret's early life was spent primarily at the Yorks' residences at 145 [[Piccadilly]] (their [[town house]] in London) and [[Royal Lodge]] in Windsor.<ref>Crawford, pp. 14–34; Heald, pp. 7–8; Warwick, pp. 35–39</ref> The Yorks were perceived by the public as an ideal family,<ref>Warwick, pp. 34, 120</ref> but unfounded rumours that Margaret was deaf and mute were not completely dispelled until her first main public appearance at [[Wedding of Prince George and Princess Marina|her uncle Prince George's wedding]] in 1934.<ref>Warwick, pp. 45–46</ref>

[[File:Queen Mary with Princess Elizabeth and Margaret.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Margaret (front) with her grandmother Mary and sister Elizabeth, May 1939]]
Margaret was educated alongside her sister, [[Elizabeth II|Elizabeth]], by their Scottish governess, [[Marion Crawford]]. Margaret's education was mainly supervised by her mother, who in the words of [[Randolph Churchill]] "never aimed at bringing her daughters up to be more than nicely behaved young ladies".<ref>Quoted in Warwick, p. 52</ref> When Queen Mary insisted upon the importance of education, the Duchess of York commented, "I don't know what she meant. After all I and my sisters only had governesses and we all married well — one of us ''very'' well".<ref name="odnb"/> Margaret was resentful about her limited education, especially in later years, and aimed criticism at her mother.<ref name="odnb"/> However, Margaret's mother told a friend that she "regretted" that her daughters did not go to school like other children,<ref>Lisa Sheridan in ''From Cabbages to Kings'', quoted by Warwick, pp. 51–52</ref> and the employment of a [[governess]] rather than sending the girls to school may have been done only at the insistence of their grandfather George V.<ref>Warwick, p. 52</ref> [[J. M. Barrie]], author of ''[[Peter Pan (character)|Peter Pan]]'', read stories to the sisters as children.<ref>{{cite news|title=Captain Scott and J M Barrie: an unlikely friendship|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/9086554/Captain-Scott-and-J-M-Barrie-an-unlikely-friendship.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/9086554/Captain-Scott-and-J-M-Barrie-an-unlikely-friendship.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=1 August 2019|newspaper=The Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

[[Death and state funeral of George V|Margaret's grandfather died]] in January 1936, and her uncle acceded to the throne as [[Edward VIII]]. Less than a year later, in December 1936, [[Abdication of Edward VIII|Edward abdicated]] to marry [[Wallis Simpson]], a twice-divorced American, whom neither the Church of England nor the [[Dominion]] governments would accept as queen. The Church did not recognise the marriage of a divorced woman with a living ex-husband as valid. Edward's abdication made Margaret's father reluctantly assume the throne, and Margaret became second in line to the throne, with the title ''The Princess Margaret'' to indicate her status as a child of the sovereign.<ref>Heald, p. 11; Warwick, p. 71</ref> The family moved into Buckingham Palace; Margaret's room overlooked [[The Mall, London|The Mall]].<ref>Heald, p. 18; Warwick, p. 76</ref>

[[File:Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret starring in wartime Aladdin, 1943. (7936243828) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Elizabeth and Margaret performing at Windsor Castle in a 1943 production of the [[Aladdin#pantomimes|pantomime ''Aladdin'']]]]
Margaret was a [[Brownie (Girl Guides)|Brownie]] in the [[1st Buckingham Palace Guide Company|1st Buckingham Palace Brownie Pack]], formed in 1937. She was also a [[Girl Guide]] and later a Sea Ranger. She served as President of [[Girlguiding UK]] from 1965 until her death on 9 February 2002.<ref>{{Citation|title=Royal Support for the Scouting and Guiding Movements |publisher=Official Website of the British Monarchy |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page5951.asp |access-date=25 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124230434/http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page5951.asp |archive-date=24 January 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | title = The charitable princess | work = BBC News | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1100612.stm | access-date = 17 December 2008 | date = 9 February 2002 | archive-date = 19 October 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221019224127/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1100612.stm | url-status = live }}</ref>

At the outbreak of [[World War II]], Princesses Margaret and Elizabeth were at [[Birkhall]], on the [[Balmoral Castle]] estate, where they stayed until Christmas 1939, enduring nights so cold that drinking water in carafes by their bedside froze.<ref>Crawford, p. 110; Warwick, p. 98</ref> They spent Christmas at [[Sandringham House]] before moving to [[Windsor Castle]], just outside London, for much of the remainder of the war.<ref>Crawford, pp. 104–119; Warwick, pp. 99–101</ref> [[Douglas Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham|Lord Hailsham]] wrote to [[Winston Churchill]] to advise the evacuation of the princesses to the greater safety of Canada,<ref>Warwick, p. 102</ref> to which their mother famously replied, "The children won't go without me. I won't leave without the King. And the King will never leave."<ref>{{Citation| url = http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/The%20House%20of%20Windsor%20from%201952/QueenElizabethTheQueenMother/ActivitiesasQueen.aspx| title = Biography of HM Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother: Activities as Queen| publisher = Official website of the British monarchy| access-date = 28 July 2009| archive-date = 10 October 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121010062814/http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/The%20House%20of%20Windsor%20from%201952/QueenElizabethTheQueenMother/ActivitiesasQueen.aspx| url-status = live}}</ref> At Windsor, [[Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret's Christmas pantomimes|the princesses staged pantomimes]] at Christmas in aid of the Queen's Wool Fund, which bought yarn to knit into military garments.<ref>Crawford, pp. 137–141</ref> In 1940, Margaret sat next to Elizabeth during their radio broadcast for the [[BBC]]'s ''[[Children's Hour]]'', addressing other children who had been evacuated from cities.<ref name="CH">{{Citation |title=Children's Hour: Princess Elizabeth |date=13 October 1940 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/childrens-hour--princess-elizabeth/z7wm92p |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127053143/https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/childrens-hour--princess-elizabeth/z7wm92p |work=BBC Archive |access-date=16 September 2022 |archive-date=27 November 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Margaret spoke at the end by wishing all the children goodnight.<ref name="CH"/>

[[File:Timbre NZ Margaret triangle 1943.jpg|left|thumb|Princess Margaret appeared on a 1943 postage stamp in New Zealand]]
Unlike other members of the [[British royal family|royal family]], Margaret was not expected to undertake any public or official duties during the war. She developed her skills at singing and playing the piano,<ref>Dempster, p. 8</ref> often show tunes from stage musicals.{{r|puente20190208}} Her contemporaries thought she was spoiled by her parents, especially her father,<ref>Bradford; Heald, p. 9</ref> who allowed her to take liberties not usually permissible, such as being allowed to stay up to dinner at the age of thirteen.<ref name="odnb">Bradford</ref>

Crawford despaired at the attention Margaret received, writing to friends: "Could you this year only ask Princess Elizabeth to your party?&nbsp;... Princess Margaret does draw all the attention and Princess Elizabeth lets her do that." Elizabeth, however, did not mind this, and commented, "Oh, it's so much easier when Margaret's there—everybody laughs at what Margaret says".<ref name="odnb" /> Their father described Elizabeth as his pride and Margaret as his joy.<ref>Botham, p. 9</ref> When Elizabeth joined the [[Auxiliary Territorial Service]] in 1945, Margaret became extremely jealous, lamenting, "I was born too late!" as she was too young to join herself.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardman |first=Robert |title=Queen of Our Times: The Life of Elizabeth II |publisher=Pegasus Books |year=2022 |isbn=978-1643139098 |publication-date=March 17, 2022}}</ref>

==Post-war years==
[[File:Special Film Project 186 - Buckingham Palace 2.jpg|thumb|right|Margaret (far right) on the balcony of [[Buckingham Palace]] with her family and Winston Churchill, [[8 May 1945]]]]
At the end of the war in 1945, Margaret appeared on the balcony at Buckingham Palace with her family and Winston Churchill. Afterwards, both Elizabeth and Margaret joined the crowds outside the palace, incognito, chanting, "We want the King, we want the Queen!"<ref>Aronson, p. 92</ref> They both joined the festivities with their fellow British citizens, such as dancing the [[Hokey Pokey|hokey cokey]], [[The Lambeth Walk#Dance craze|Lambeth Walk]] and [[conga (music)|conga]]. "I remember lines of unknown people linking arms and walking down Whitehall, and all of us were swept along by tides of happiness and relief," Elizabeth later recalled.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-14 |title=How a young Princess Elizabeth celebrated VE Day unnoticed among the crowds in London |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/royal-family/queen-elizabeth-ve-day-75-princess-margaret-celebrate-london-crowds-king-a9490676.html |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=The Independent |archive-date=13 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231113160122/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/royal-family/queen-elizabeth-ve-day-75-princess-margaret-celebrate-london-crowds-king-a9490676.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Margaret and Elizabeth were "terrified" of being recognised, so they did their best to stay hidden in plain sight.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-30 |title=A Royal Night Out: What really happened the night the Princesses left the palace for VE Day |url=https://www.tatler.com/article/the-queens-night-out-ve-day |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=Tatler |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616182339/https://www.tatler.com/article/the-queens-night-out-ve-day |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 15 April 1946, Margaret was [[confirmed]] into the [[Church of England]].<ref name="christies.com">Helen Molesworth, ''Property from the Collection of Her Royal Highness The Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon''. Christie's Auction House, Jewellery Department, London, 2006. [http://www.christies.com/special_sites/woodwork/specialist.asp Auction of the Property of HRH Princess Margaret] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230051803/https://www.christies.com/special_sites/woodwork/specialist.asp |date=30 December 2022 }}</ref> On 1 February 1947, she, Elizabeth and their parents embarked on a state tour of Southern Africa. The three-month-long visit was Margaret's first visit abroad. She later claimed that she remembered "every minute of it",<ref>Aronson, p. 97</ref> including rides on horseback taken by her and Elizabeth using horses lent by locals near the royal train. Her chaperon on those occasions was [[Peter Townsend (RAF officer)|Peter Townsend]], the King's [[equerry]],<ref>Heald, pp. 38–39</ref> who it was noticed could be quite sharp with Margaret.<ref name="delanoy19950621">{{Cite news |last=De-la-Noy |first=Michael |date=21 June 1995 |title=Obituary: Gp Capt Peter Townsend |work=The Independent |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-gp-capt-peter-townsend-1587526.html |access-date=7 November 2020 |archive-date=1 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201214431/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-gp-capt-peter-townsend-1587526.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In November 1947, Margaret was a bridesmaid at the [[wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten]]. In the next three years, Elizabeth and [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Philip]] had two children, [[Prince Charles]] and [[Princess Anne]], whose births moved Margaret further down the line of succession.<ref>Heald, p. 53</ref>

In 1950, the former royal governess, Marion Crawford, published an [[unauthorized biography|unauthorised biography]] of Elizabeth's and Margaret's childhood years, titled ''[[The Little Princesses]]'', in which she described Margaret's "light-hearted fun and frolics"<ref>Crawford, p. 111</ref> and her "amusing and outrageous&nbsp;... antics".<ref>Crawford, p. 164</ref>

=== The Margaret Set ===
Around the time of Elizabeth's wedding, the press started to follow the social life of "unconventional" Margaret and her reputation for vivacity and wit.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 November 1947|title=Younger Princess Favorite|page=21|work=The Hastings Daily Tribune}}</ref> A young woman with "vivid blue eyes",<ref>Warwick, p. 140</ref> Margaret enjoyed socialising with high society and young aristocrats, including [[Sharman Douglas]], the daughter of the American ambassador, [[Lewis Williams Douglas]].<ref>Warwick, pp. 138–139</ref> A celebrated beauty known for her glamour and fashion sense, Margaret was often featured in the press at balls, parties, and nightclubs<ref>Warwick, pp. 140–142</ref> with friends who became known as [[the Margaret Set]].{{r|botham2012}} The number of her official engagements increased (they included a tour of Italy, Switzerland, and France), and she joined a growing number of charitable organisations as president or patron.<ref>Warwick, pp. 154–159</ref>

[[File:Prinses Margaret van Engeland – 1948 – Bestanddeelnr 107-0901.jpg|thumb|upright|Margaret in Amsterdam, Netherlands in 1948]]
Favoured haunts of the Margaret Set were [[The 400 Club]], the [[Café de Paris, London|Café de Paris]] and the [[Mirabelle (London restaurant)|Mirabelle]] restaurant.<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 April 2012|title=The secrets of Margaret's London|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/the-secrets-of-margaret-s-london-6302228.html|access-date=3 February 2022|website=www.standard.co.uk|archive-date=3 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203135326/https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/the-secrets-of-margaret-s-london-6302228.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Anticipation of an engagement or romance between Margaret and a member of her set were often reported. In 1948, international news grew that her engagement to the [[John Spencer-Churchill, 11th Duke of Marlborough|Marquess of Blandford]] would be announced on her 18th birthday.<ref>{{Cite news|date=5 August 1948|title=Royal Betrothal Story is Denied|work=Barrier Miner|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article48569147|access-date=3 February 2022|archive-date=23 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523002613/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/48569147|url-status=live}}</ref> Similar speculation moved to the Hon. [[Peter Alistair Ward|Peter Ward]], then [[Billy Wallace (socialite)|Billy Wallace]] and others. The set also mixed with celebrities, including [[Danny Kaye]], whom she met after watching him perform at the [[London Palladium]] in February 1948.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KFIEAAAAMBAJ&dq=danny+kaye+honey+princess+1949&pg=PA99|title=Life|date=31 October 1949|publisher=Time Inc|access-date=5 February 2022|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407190411/https://books.google.com/books?id=KFIEAAAAMBAJ&dq=danny+kaye+honey+princess+1949&pg=PA99|url-status=live}}</ref> He was soon accepted by the royal social circle.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Crawford|first=Marion|title=Princess Margaret|publisher=Purnell and Sons, Ltd|year=1953|location=London|pages=16}}</ref> In July 1949, at a fancy dress ball at [[Winfield House|the US ambassador's residence]], Margaret performed the [[can-can]] on stage, accompanied by Douglas and ten other costumed girls. A press frenzy ensued, with Kaye denying he had taught Margaret the dance.<ref>{{Cite news|date=16 July 1949|title='Royal legs' seen in can-can|work=Mail|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article56059395|access-date=3 February 2022|archive-date=23 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523002615/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/56059395|url-status=live}}</ref> Press interest could be intrusive. During a private visit to Paris in 1951, Margaret and [[Prince Nicholas of Yugoslavia]] were followed into a nightclub by a paparazzo who took photographs of them until British detectives physically removed him from the club.<ref>{{Cite news|date=26 November 1951|title=Princess Margaret has high time on Paris fling|page=16|work=The Burlington Free Press}}</ref>

In 1952, although Margaret attended parties and debutante balls with friends such as Douglas and [[Mark Bonham Carter]], the set were seen infrequently together.<ref>{{Cite news|date=11 June 1952|title=The Princess stays at the dance till 2am|page=5|work=Evening Standard}}</ref> They regrouped in time for Coronation season social functions. In May 1953, Margaret met singer [[Eddie Fisher]] when he performed at the Red, White and Blue Ball. She asked him to her table and he was "invited to all sorts of parties".<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 May 1953|title=In Trance After Meeting Princess|work=Advertiser|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article48300153|access-date=3 February 2022|archive-date=23 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523002617/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/48300153|url-status=live}}</ref> Margaret fell out with him in 1957, but years later, Fisher still claimed the night he was introduced to her was the greatest thrill of his lifetime.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shafer|first=Jack|date=13 February 1977|title=Comeback of ex-vegetable man|page=25|work=The Sunday News|access-date=}}</ref> In June 1954, the Set performed the Edgar Wallace play ''[[The Frog (play)|The Frog]]'' at the [[Scala Theatre]]. It was organised by Margaret's close friend [[Judy Montagu]] with Margaret as assistant director. It drew praise for raising £10,500 for charity, but criticism for incompetent performances.<ref>{{Cite news|last=North|first=Rex|date=6 June 1954|title=Oh How Silly It All Was|page=1|work=Sunday Pictorial}}</ref> By the mid-1950s, although still seen at fashionable nightspots and theatre premieres, the set was depleted by its members getting married. As she reached her late twenties unmarried, the press increasingly turned from predicting whom she might marry to suspecting she would remain a spinster.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Taves|first=Isabella|date=6 July 1958|title=Will Princess Margaret Ever Marry?|page=26|work=Denton Record Chronicle}}</ref>

=== 'Romances' and the press (1947–1959) ===
The press avidly discussed "the world's most eligible bachelor-girl"<ref name="ins19550516">{{Cite news |date=16 May 1955 |title=Princess' Top Squire Is Gay Playboy Who Flaunts Protocol |page=30 |work=St. Petersburg Times |agency=INS |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WvpEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2638%2C3378332 |access-date=10 November 2020 |archive-date=12 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112143141/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WvpEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2638,3378332 |url-status=live }}</ref> and her alleged romances with more than 30 bachelors,{{r|telegraph1}}{{r|laguerre19551010}} including [[David Mountbatten]], [[Michael I of Romania]],<ref>{{cite news |date=25 November 1947 |title=Princess Margaret And Milford-Haven Subject Of Romantic Gossipers |work=Newcastle Sun |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article158778367 |access-date=5 June 2022 |archive-date=23 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523002617/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/158778367 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[George Esmond Dominic Elliot|Dominic Elliot]],<ref>{{cite news |date=18 November 1954 |title=Princess Visits Earl |work=Examiner |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article96385441 |access-date=5 June 2022 |archive-date=23 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523002626/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/96385441 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Colin Tennant]] (later Baron Glenconner),<ref>Heald, p. 105</ref> [[Prince Henry of Hesse-Kassel]],<ref>{{cite book |title=Schenectady Gazette |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-G0tAAAAIBAJ&dq=prince+hesse+rome+margaret&pg=PA4&article_id=2675,4221881 |publisher=Schenectady Gazette |access-date=16 March 2023 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407191915/https://books.google.com/books?id=-G0tAAAAIBAJ&dq=prince+hesse+rome+margaret&pg=PA4&article_id=2675,4221881 |url-status=live }}</ref> and future Canadian prime minister [[John Turner]].<ref name="ap19600227">{{cite news |title=Princess Meg To Marry Commoner Named Jones |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=X6tTAAAAIBAJ&pg=6651%2C2616065 |newspaper=Victoria Advocate |agency=Associated Press |date=27 February 1960 |access-date=10 May 2013 |location=Victoria, TX |pages=1 |archive-date=26 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126145118/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=X6tTAAAAIBAJ&pg=6651%2C2616065 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Princess Margaret and future PM John Turner may have 'nearly married', letters reveal |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/princess-margaret-and-future-pm-john-turner-may-have-nearly-married-letters-reveal-1.2966301 |publisher=[[CBC News]] |date=21 February 2015 |access-date=22 February 2015 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616180835/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/princess-margaret-and-future-pm-john-turner-may-have-nearly-married-letters-reveal-1.2966301 |url-status=live }}</ref> Most had titles and almost all were wealthy. Lord Blandford and [[John Scott, 9th Duke of Buccleuch|Lord Dalkeith]], both wealthy sons of dukes, were the likeliest potential husbands. Her family reportedly hoped that Margaret would marry Dalkeith, but, unlike him, Margaret was uninterested in the outdoors.{{r|laguerre19551010}}{{r|barrymaine19581001}} Billy Wallace, sole heir to a £2.8 million (£{{Inflation|UK|2.8|1955}} million today) fortune and an old friend, was reportedly Margaret's favourite date during the mid-1950s.{{r|ins19550516}}<ref name="starnews19580301">{{cite news |date=1 March 1958 |title=Billy Wallace To Marry Meg? |page=2 |work=Star-News |agency=Star Wire Services |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=W11gAAAAIBAJ&pg=659%2C6304 |access-date=10 November 2020 |archive-date=12 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112143142/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=W11gAAAAIBAJ&pg=659,6304 |url-status=live }}</ref> During her 21st birthday party at Balmoral in August 1951,<ref>Heald, p. 84; Warwick, p. 163</ref> the press was disappointed to only photograph Margaret with Townsend,{{r|telegraph1}} frequently seen in the background of pictures of royal appearances,{{r|time19530720}}{{r|laguerre19551010}} and to her parents a trusted companion as Elizabeth's duties increased.{{r|laguerre19551010}} The following month her father underwent surgery for lung cancer, and Margaret was appointed one of the [[Counsellors of State]] who undertook the King's official duties while he was incapacitated.<ref>Warwick, p. 167</ref> [[Death and state funeral of George VI|Her father died]] five months later, on 6 February 1952, and her sister acceded as Elizabeth II.<ref>{{citation|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1802079.stm|title=The day the King died|publisher=BBC|date=6 February 2002|access-date=29 May 2018|archive-date=30 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180530041904/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1802079.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Romance with Peter Townsend==

===Early relationship===
During the war, the King suggested choosing palace aides who were highly qualified men from the military, instead of only aristocrats. Told that a handsome war hero had arrived,{{r|botham2012}} the princesses met Townsend, the new equerry, on his first day at Buckingham Palace in 1944; Elizabeth reportedly told her sister, 13 years old, "Bad luck, he's married".<ref name="lacey2008">{{cite book |last=Lacey |first=Robert |title=Monarch: The Life and Reign of Elizabeth II |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=2008 |isbn=978-1439108390 |pages=187–198 |chapter=15: "Mindful of the Church's Teaching" |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xUa-P74h-nEC&pg=PA187 |access-date=2 December 2020 |archive-date=23 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523002643/https://books.google.com/books?id=xUa-P74h-nEC&pg=PA187#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> A temporary assignment of three months from the RAF became permanent. The King and Queen were fond of Townsend; the King is said to have seen the calm and efficient war veteran as the son he never had.<ref name="delffs2019">{{cite book |last=Delffs |first=Dudley |title=The Faith of Queen Elizabeth: The Poise, Grace, and Quiet Strength Behind the Crown |publisher=Zondervan |year=2019 |isbn=978-0310356981 |chapter=Chapter 4: Conviction and Compromise: Growing Through Private and Public Criticism |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V1GNDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT57}}</ref>{{r|lacey2008}}{{r|laguerre19551010}} He may have been aware of Margaret's infatuation with the non-titled and non-wealthy Townsend, reportedly seeing the courtier reluctantly obey the princess's order to carry her up the stairs at the Palace after a party.{{r|laguerre19551010}}

Townsend was so often near Margaret that gossip columnists overlooked him as a suitor for the princess.<ref name="time19530720">{{cite magazine |date=20 July 1953 |title=GREAT BRITAIN: The Princess & the Hero |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/printout/0,8816,889799,00.html |magazine=Time |issn=0040-781X |access-date=11 November 2020 |archive-date=3 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103110120/http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/printout/0,8816,889799,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> When their relationship began is unclear. Margaret told friends she fell in love with him during the 1947 South Africa tour, where they often went riding together.<ref name="courcy20090109">{{cite magazine |last=Courcy |first=Anne de |date=9 January 2009 |title=The Princess and the Photographer |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2009/02/snowdon-excerpt200902 |magazine=Vanity Fair |access-date=5 November 2020 |archive-date=19 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319232712/https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2009/02/snowdon-excerpt200902 |url-status=live }}</ref> Her biographer [[Craig Brown (satirist)|Craig Brown]] stated that, according to a [[National Trust]] curator, Townsend requested the bedroom next to hers during a trip to Belfast in October 1947.<ref name="bryant20171229">{{Cite magazine |last=Bryant |first=Kenzie |date=29 December 2017 |title=A New Theory About Princess Margaret and Peter Townsend's Relationship Has Emerged |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2017/12/princess-margaret-peter-townsend-relationship-started |magazine=Vanity Fair |access-date=7 November 2020 |archive-date=1 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001140600/https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2017/12/princess-margaret-peter-townsend-relationship-started |url-status=live }}</ref> In November 1948, they attended the inauguration of [[Queen Juliana of the Netherlands]]. In later life, Townsend admitted at this point there was an attraction between them, but neither of them ever acknowledged it to one another. Not long after, he discovered his wife [[Rosemary Pratt, Marchioness Camden|Rosemary]] was involved in an extramarital affair, which ended.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Edwards |first=Anne |title=Royal Sisters |publisher=William Murrow |year=1990 |isbn=0-688-07662-9 |edition=1st |location=New York |pages=197}}</ref> Contemporary anecdotes about their closeness then dissipated until late 1950, when friendship seems to have rekindled, coinciding with Townsend's appointment as Deputy Master of the Household and the breakdown of his marriage.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bradford |first=Sarah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=--xTWYmw5wQC&dq=sarah+bradford+princess+townsend+august+1950&pg=PT260 |title=Elizabeth: A Biography of Her Majesty the Queen |date=28 February 2002 |publisher=Penguin Books Limited |isbn=978-0-14-193333-7 |access-date=21 June 2022 |archive-date=22 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422003218/https://books.google.com/books?id=--xTWYmw5wQC&dq=sarah+bradford+princess+townsend+august+1950&pg=PT260 |url-status=live }}</ref>

From spring 1951, several accounts described a growing romantic attraction. A footman told how the King diverted the pair's picnic plans, adding that whatever the King and Queen knew about the developing relationship, most royal staff noticed as it was obvious to them.<ref>{{Cite book |last=White |first=Ralphe M |title=The Royal Family: An Informal Portrait |publisher=David McKay, Inc |year=1969 |edition=1st |location=New York |pages=157–8}}</ref> Townsend said that his love for her began in Balmoral in 1951, and recalled an incident there in August when the princess woke him from a nap after a picnic lunch while the King watched, suggesting the King was aware.<ref name="brown2018">{{Cite book |last=Brown |first=Craig |title=Ninety-Nine Glimpses of Princess Margaret |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux |year=2018 |isbn=978-0374719685 |pages=87, 91, 94–96}}</ref> Townsend and his wife separated in 1951,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Judd|first=Denis|title=George VI|publisher=I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd|year=2012|isbn=9781780760711|location=London|pages=248}}</ref> which was noticed by the press by July.<ref>{{Cite news|date=31 July 1951|title=The Londoner's Diary: Caravan Artist|work=Evening Standard|access-date=}}</ref>

Margaret was grief-stricken by [[Death and state funeral of George VI|her father's death]] and was prescribed sedatives to help her sleep.<ref>Warwick, p. 170</ref> Of her father she wrote, "He was such a wonderful person, the very heart and centre of our happy family."<ref>Warwick, pp. 170–171</ref> She was consoled by her deeply held Christian beliefs,<ref>Heald, p. 89; Warwick, p. 180</ref> sometimes attending church twice daily.{{r|laguerre19551010}} She resumed attending events with her family in April and returned to royal engagements and social appearances when official mourning ended in June. American newspapers noted her increasing vitality and speculated that she must be in love.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barber |first=Frances |date=11 November 1952 |title=Princes Margaret Is Said To Have The Look Of Love |pages=52 |work=Dayton Daily News}}</ref> With the widowed Queen Mother, Margaret moved out of Buckingham Palace and into [[Clarence House]] in May 1953, while the new queen and her family moved out of Clarence House and into Buckingham Palace.<ref>Heald, p. 91; Warwick, p. 176</ref> After George&nbsp;VI's death, Townsend was appointed [[Comptroller of the Household|Comptroller]] of the [[Queen Mother's household]].<ref>Warwick, p. 182</ref>

In June 1952, the estranged Townsends hosted Margaret, along with her sister Elizabeth and brother-in-law Philip, at a cocktail party at their home.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Townsend|first=Peter|title=Time and Chance|publisher=William Collins Sons & Co Ltd|year=1978|isbn=0002118572|location=London|pages=194}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=23 March 1955|title=WHO IS TOWNSEND?|work=Australian Women's Weekly|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article48516045|access-date=25 October 2021}}</ref> A month later, Rosemary Townsend and her new partner John de László attended the [[Royal Windsor Horse Show]].<ref>{{Cite journal|date=6 August 1952|title=Queen Was "At Home" To Riders At Windsor|journal=The Tatler and Bystander|pages=11}}</ref> It is thought the romance between Margaret and Townsend began around this time.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardman |first=Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eEZHEAAAQBAJ&dq=robert+hardman+princess+townsend+1952&pg=PT127 |title=Queen of Our Times: The Life of Elizabeth II |date=17 March 2022 |publisher=Pan Macmillan |isbn=978-1-5290-6343-1 |access-date=21 June 2022 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407191943/https://books.google.com/books?id=eEZHEAAAQBAJ&dq=robert%20hardman%20princess%20townsend%201952&pg=PT127 |url-status=live }}</ref> The first reports that Townsend and Margaret wished to marry began in August 1952,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Stoneman|first=William H|date=9 August 1952|title=Margaret's Captain Quite A Hero|work=Miami Herald}}</ref> but these remained uncommon. The Townsend divorce in November received little coverage in Britain and in greater detail abroad.<ref>{{Cite news|date=21 December 1952|title=Air Ace Wins Divorce|work=Truth|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article168008473|access-date=25 October 2021|archive-date=23 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523005649/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/168008473|url-status=live}}</ref> After the divorce was finalized in December 1952, however, rumours spread about him and Margaret;<ref name="laguerre19551010">{{Cite magazine |last=Laguerre |first=Andre |date=10 October 1955 |title=Clue to a Princess's Choice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2lQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA135 |magazine=Life |pages=135–144 |access-date=6 November 2020 |archive-date=23 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523005645/https://books.google.com/books?id=2lQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA135#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> the divorce, and shared grief over the King's death in February 1952, likely helped them come together{{r|lacey2008}} within the privacy of Clarence House, where Margaret had her own apartment.{{r|courcy20090109}}

===Marriage proposal===
Private Secretary to the Queen [[Sir Alan Lascelles]] wrote that Townsend told Lascelles he had asked Margaret to marry him shortly before Christmas 1952.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hart-Davis |first=Duff |title=King's Counsellor: The Diaries of Sir Alan Lascelles |publisher=Phoenix |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-7538-2225-8 |edition=2nd |location=London |pages=410}}</ref> Other sources claim it occurred in February or April 1953.{{r|telegraph1}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Channon |first1=Henry |editor1-last=Heffer |editor1-first=Simon |title=Diaries 1943-57 |date=2022 |publisher=Penguin Random House |location=London |isbn=978-1-529-15174-9 |chapter=Wednesday 18 February 1953 |quote=Princess Margaret, who is pretending to be ill with gastric flu – and perhaps half is – has announced her intention of marrying Peter Townsend!}}</ref> He was 15 years her senior and had two children from his previous marriage. Margaret accepted and informed her sister, the Queen, whose consent was required by the [[Royal Marriages Act 1772]]. During the abdication crisis, the Church of England had refused to countenance the remarriage of the divorced. [[Death and funeral of Mary of Teck|Queen Mary had recently died]], and, after the [[coronation of Elizabeth II]], the new queen planned to tour the Commonwealth for six months. She told her sister, "Under the circumstances, it isn't unreasonable for me to ask you to wait a year",<ref>The Queen quoted by Princess Margaret, in Warwick, p. 186</ref> and to keep the relationship secret until after the coronation.{{r|delffs2019}}

[[File:Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II - Couronnement de la Reine Elizabeth II (7195940764) (cropped).jpg|thumb|345x345px|Following Elizabeth II's coronation, the royal family appeared on the balcony of [[Buckingham Palace]] on 2 June 1953. Margaret can be seen fourth from right, exactly next to the boys in black.]]
Although foreign media speculated on Margaret and Townsend's relationship, the British press did not. After reporters saw her plucking fluff from his coat during the coronation on 2 June 1953—"I never thought a thing about it, and neither did Margaret", Townsend later said; "After that the storm broke"{{r|telegraph1}}{{r|courcy20090109}}—''[[The Sunday People|The People]]'' first mentioned the relationship in Britain{{r|nevin20220211}} on 14 June. With the headline "They Must Deny it NOW",{{r|brown2018}} the front-page article warned that "scandalous rumours about Princess Margaret are racing around the world", which the newspaper stated were "of course, utterly untrue".<ref name="botham2012">{{Cite book |last=Botham |first=Noel |title=Margaret – The Last Real Princess |publisher=Kings Road Publishing |year=2012 |isbn=978-1784187224 |chapter=2: In Pursuit of Romance |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FzmtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT25 |access-date=16 December 2020 |archive-date=23 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523005646/https://books.google.com/books?id=FzmtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT25#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>{{r|edwards2017}} The foreign press believed that the [[Regency Act 1953]]—which made Prince Philip regent instead of Margaret on the Queen's death—was enacted to allow Margaret to marry Townsend, but as late as 23 July most other British newspapers except the ''[[Daily Mirror]]'' did not discuss the rumours. Acting Prime Minister [[Rab Butler]] asked that the "deplorable speculation" end, without mentioning Margaret or Townsend.{{r|time19530720}}<ref name="ap19530723">{{Cite news |date=23 July 1953 |title=London Press Quiet About Royal Affair |page=2A |work=Eugene Register-Guard |agency=Associated Press |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hSFWAAAAIBAJ&pg=5233%2C4607418 |access-date=7 November 2020 |archive-date=2 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102042949/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hSFWAAAAIBAJ&pg=5233%2C4607418 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The constitutional crisis that the proposed marriage caused was public.{{r|delffs2019}} The Queen was advised by Lascelles to post Townsend abroad, but she refused and instead transferred him from the Queen Mother's household to her own,<ref>Warwick, p. 187</ref> although Townsend did not accompany Margaret as planned on a tour of Southern Rhodesia.{{r|laguerre19551010}} Winston Churchill personally approved of "a lovely young royal lady married to a gallant young airman", but [[Clementine Churchill]] reminded her husband that he had made the same mistake during the abdication crisis.{{r|holmes2016}}{{r|nevin20220211}} The Cabinet refused to approve the marriage,{{r|lacey2017}} and [[Geoffrey Fisher]], Archbishop of Canterbury, did not approve of Margaret marrying a divorced man; opponents said that the marriage would threaten the monarchy as Edward VIII's had.{{r|laguerre19551010}} The ''[[Church of England Newspaper]]'' said that Margaret "is a dutiful churchwoman who knows what strong views leaders of the church hold in this matter", but the ''[[Sunday Express]]''—which had supported Edward and Wallis—asked, "IF THEY WANT TO MARRY, WHY SHOULDN'T THEY?".{{r|time19530720}}

Churchill discussed the marriage at the [[1953 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference]] held with the coronation; the [[Statute of Westminster 1931]] requires Dominion parliaments to also approve any Bill of Renunciation changing the line of succession. The Canadian government stated that altering the line twice in 25 years would harm the monarchy.<ref name="barrymaine19581001">{{Cite magazine |last=Barrymaine |first=Norman |date=1 October 1958 |title=The Story of Peter Townsend |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article57838402 |magazine=The Australian Women's Weekly |page=3 |access-date=7 November 2020 |archive-date=23 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523005700/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/57838402 |url-status=live }}</ref> Churchill informed the Queen that both his cabinet and Dominion prime ministers were against the marriage, and that Parliament would not approve a marriage that would be unrecognised by the Church of England unless Margaret renounced her rights to the throne.<ref>Warwick, p. 191</ref>{{r|holmes2016}}

Philip was reportedly the most opposed to Townsend in the royal family, while Margaret's mother and sister wanted her to be happy but could not approve of the marriage. Besides Townsend's divorce, two major problems were financial and constitutional. Margaret did not possess her sister's large fortune and would need the £6,000 annual [[civil list]] allowance and £15,000 additional allowance Parliament had provided for her upon a suitable marriage. She did not object to being removed from the line of succession to the throne, as Elizabeth and all her children dying was unlikely, but receiving parliamentary approval for the marriage would be difficult and uncertain.{{r|laguerre19551010}}{{r|delanoy19950621}} At the age of 25 Margaret would not need the Queen's permission under the 1772 Act;{{r|BBCMag38032464}} she could, after notifying the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom]], marry in one year if Parliament did not prevent her. Churchill told Elizabeth, however, that if one could easily leave the line of succession, another could easily enter the line, dangerous for a [[hereditary monarchy]].{{r|barrymaine19581001}}

Elizabeth told the couple to wait until 1955, when Margaret would be 25,{{r|BBCMag38032464}} avoiding the Queen having to publicly disapprove of her sister's marriage.{{r|laguerre19551010}} Lascelles—who compared Townsend to [[Theudas]] "boasting himself to be somebody"—hoped that separating him and Margaret would end their romance.<ref name="vickers20191117">{{Cite news |last=Vickers |first=Hugo |date=17 November 2019 |title=How accurate is The Crown? We sort fact from fiction in the royal drama |work=[[The Times]] |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/royal-family/article/how-accurate-is-the-crown-we-sort-fact-from-fiction-in-the-royal-drama-8g708rz2c |access-date=7 November 2020 |issn=0140-0460 |archive-date=4 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204151714/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/how-accurate-is-the-crown-we-sort-fact-from-fiction-in-the-royal-drama-8g708rz2c |url-status=live }}</ref> Churchill arranged for Townsend's assignment as [[air attaché]] at the British Embassy in Brussels; he was sent on 15 July 1953, before Margaret's return from Rhodesia on 30 July.{{r|holmes2016}} The assignment was so sudden that the British ambassador learnt about it from a newspaper. Although Margaret and Townsend knew about his new job, they had reportedly been promised a few days together before his departure.{{r|barrymaine19581001}}

===Press coverage===
For two years, press speculation continued. In Brussels, Townsend only said that "The word must come from somebody else". He avoided parties and being seen with women. With few duties (the sinecure was abolished after him), Townsend improved his French and horsemanship. He joined a Belgian [[show jumping]] club and rode in races around Europe.{{r|barrymaine19581001}} Margaret was told by the Church that she would be unable to receive [[Eucharist|communion]] if she married a divorced man.<ref>Warwick, p. 203</ref> Three quarters of ''Sunday Express'' readers opposed the relationship, and [[Mass-Observation]] recorded criticism of the "silly little fool" as a poor example for young women who emulated her.{{r|brown2018}} Other newspaper polls showed popular support for Margaret's personal choice, regardless of Church teaching or government.<ref>Warwick, p. 192</ref> Ninety-seven per cent of ''Daily Mirror'' readers supported marriage, and a ''[[Daily Express]]'' editorial stated that even if the Archbishop of Canterbury was displeased, "she would best please the vast majority of ordinary folk [by finding] happiness for herself".{{r|laguerre19551010}}{{r|barrymaine19581001}}

The couple were not restricted on communicating by mail and telephone.{{r|laguerre19551010}}{{r|barrymaine19581001}} Margaret worked with friends on charity productions of ''[[Lord and Lady Algy (play)|Lord and Lady Algy]]'' and ''The Frog'', and publicly dated men such as Tennant{{r|botham2012}} and Wallace.{{r|ins19550516}} In January 1955, she made the first of many trips to the Caribbean, perhaps to distract, and as a reward for being apart from Townsend. The attaché secretly travelled to Britain; while the palace was aware of one visit, he reportedly made other trips for nights and weekends with the princess at Clarence House—her apartment had its own front door—and friends' homes.{{r|botham2012}}{{r|laguerre19551010}}

[[File:Princess Margaret at opening of The Princess Margaret School.jpg|thumb|left|Margaret greeting schoolchildren at the opening of The Princess Margaret School in Barbados, 9 February 1955]]
That spring Townsend for the first time spoke to the press: "I am sick of being made to hide in my apartment like a thief", but whether he could marry "involves more people than myself". He reportedly believed that his exile from Margaret would soon end,{{r|barrymaine19581001}} their love was strong, and that the British people would support marrying.{{r|laguerre19551010}} Townsend received a bodyguard and police guard around his apartment after the Belgian government received threats on his life,{{r|barrymaine19581001}} but the British government still said nothing. Stating that people were more interested in the couple than the recent [[1955 United Kingdom general election]], on 29 May the ''Daily Express'' published an editorial demanding that Buckingham Palace confirm or deny the rumours.<ref name="up19550530">{{Cite news |date=30 May 1955 |title=Palace Challenged To Deny Royal Romance |page=8 |work=Sarasota Herald-Tribune |agency=United Press |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IXgcAAAAIBAJ&pg=1827%2C6511194 |access-date=7 November 2020 |archive-date=11 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211195509/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IXgcAAAAIBAJ&pg=1827%2C6511194 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
The press described Margaret's 25th birthday, 21 August 1955, as the day she was free to marry,{{r|barrymaine19581001}} and expected an announcement about Townsend soon. Three hundred journalists waited outside Balmoral, four times as many as those later following [[Diana, Princess of Wales]].{{r|botham2012}} "COME ON MARGARET!", the ''Daily Mirror''{{'}}s front page said two days earlier, asking her to "please make up your mind!".{{r|laguerre19551010}}<ref name="kynaston2010">{{Cite book |last=Kynaston |first=David |title=Family Britain 1951–1957 |publisher=Bloomsbury Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8027-1964-5 |pages=519–528}}</ref> On 12 October Townsend returned from Brussels as Margaret's suitor. The royal family devised a system in which it did not host Townsend, but he and Margaret formally courted each other at dinner parties hosted by friends{{r|barrymaine19581001}} such as [[Mark Bonham Carter, Baron Bonham-Carter|Mark Bonham Carter]].{{r|ap19551018}}<ref name="murison20191102">{{Cite news |last=Murison |first=Krissi |date=2 November 2019 |title=Helena Bonham Carter interview: talking toyboys and tiaras with The Crown's Princess Margaret |work=[[The Times]] |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/tv-radio/article/helena-bonham-carter-interview-talking-toyboys-and-tiaras-with-the-crowns-princess-margaret-xzqh9fcq9 |access-date=8 November 2020 |issn=0140-0460 |archive-date=18 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220918053912/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/helena-bonham-carter-interview-talking-toyboys-and-tiaras-with-the-crowns-princess-margaret-xzqh9fcq9 |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[Gallup poll]] found that 59% of Britons approved of their marrying, with 17% opposed.{{r|kynaston2010}}{{r|brown2018}} Women in the [[East End of London]] shouted "Go on, Marg, do what you want" at the princess.{{r|nevin20220211}} Although the couple was never seen together in public during this time,{{r|edwards2017}} the general consensus was that they would marry. Crowds waited outside Clarence House, and a global audience read daily updates and rumours on newspaper front pages.{{r|kynaston2010}}{{r|ap19551018}}<ref name="ap19551014">{{Cite news |date=14 October 1955 |title=England Excitedly Awaits Confirmation of Its Hopes |page=1 |work=The Free Lance-Star |agency=Associated Press |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tAMUAAAAIBAJ&pg=4623%2C989657 |access-date=7 November 2020 |archive-date=31 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220831165334/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tAMUAAAAIBAJ&pg=4623%2C989657 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{r|ap19551015}}{{r|ap19551101}}

"Nothing much else than Princess Margaret's affairs is being talked of in this country", ''[[The Manchester Guardian]]'' said on 15 October. "NOW – THE NATION WAITS" was a typical headline.{{r|kynaston2010}} Observers interpreted Buckingham Palace's request to the press to respect Margaret's privacy—the first time the palace discussed the princess's recent personal life—as evidence of an imminent betrothal announcement,<ref name="ap19551015">{{Cite news |date=15 October 1955 |title=Date's in Doubt: Britons Are Convinced They'll Wed |page=1 |work=The Free Lance-Star |agency=Associated Press |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tQMUAAAAIBAJ&pg=2887%2C1057258 |access-date=8 November 2020 |archive-date=22 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222210232/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tQMUAAAAIBAJ&pg=2887%2C1057258 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{r|barrymaine19581001}}{{r|lyall19950621}} probably before the [[Opening of Parliament]] on 25 October.{{r|ap19551014}} As no announcement occurred—the ''Daily Mirror'' on 17 October showed a photograph of Margaret's left hand with the headline "NO RING YET!"{{r|kynaston2010}}—the press wondered why. Parliamentarians "are frankly puzzled by the way the affair has been handled", the ''[[News Chronicle]]'' wrote. "If a marriage is on, they ask, why not announce it quickly? If there is to be no marriage, why allow the couple to continue to meet without a clear denial of the rumours?"<ref name="ap19551018">{{Cite news |date=18 October 1955 |title=Uproar Over Romance Is Discussed |page=1 |work=Ocala Star-Banner |agency=Associated Press |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=i39PAAAAIBAJ&pg=948%2C5347762 |access-date=7 November 2020 |archive-date=28 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328100729/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=i39PAAAAIBAJ&pg=948,5347762 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Why a betrothal did not occur is unclear. Margaret may have been uncertain of her desire, having written to Prime Minister [[Anthony Eden]] in August that "It is only by seeing him in this way that I feel I can properly decide whether I can marry him or not".{{r|BBCMag38032464}} Margaret's authorized biographer Christopher Warwick said that the letter was evidence that her love for Townsend was not as strong as the public believed, and that she wanted only the prime minister and Elizabeth to know of her uncertainty.<ref name="nikkhah20091107">{{Cite news |last=Nikkhah |first=Roya |date=2009-11-07 |title=Princess Margaret: recently unearthed letter sheds new light on decision not to marry |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/6520837/Princess-Margaret-recently-unearthed-letter-sheds-new-light-on-decision-not-to-marry.html |access-date=2023-05-20 |archive-date=27 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127120545/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/6520837/Princess-Margaret-recently-unearthed-letter-sheds-new-light-on-decision-not-to-marry.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Margaret may have told Townsend as early as 12 October that governmental and familial opposition to their marriage had not changed; it is possible that neither they nor Elizabeth fully understood until that year how difficult the 1772 Act made a royal marriage without the monarch's permission.{{r|botham2012}} An influential 26 October editorial in ''[[The Times]]'' stating that "The QUEEN's sister married to a divorced man (even though the innocent party) would be irrevocably disqualified from playing her part in the essential royal function" represented [[The Establishment#United Kingdom|The Establishment]]'s view of what it considered a possibly dangerous crisis.{{r|kynaston2010}}{{r|edwards2017}} It convinced many, who had believed that the media were exaggerating, that Margaret really might defy the Church and royal standards. [[Leslie Weatherhead]], [[President of the Methodist Conference]], now criticized the proposed marriage.<ref name="lacey2017">{{Cite book |last=Lacey |first=Robert |title=The Crown: The Official Companion. Elizabeth II, Winston Churchill, and the making of a young queen, (1947–1955) |publisher=Crown Archetype |year=2017 |isbn=978-1524762285 |pages=160, 270, 272}}</ref>

Townsend recalled that "we felt mute and numbed at the centre of this maelstrom";{{r|brown2018}} Elizabeth also wanted the [[media circus]] to end.{{r|lacey2008}} Townsend only had his RAF income and, other than a talent for writing, had no experience in other work.{{r|barrymaine19581001}} He wrote in his autobiography that Margaret "could have married me only if she had been prepared to give up everything – her position, her prestige, her privy purse. I simply hadn't the weight, I knew it, to counterbalance all she would have lost"{{r|lyall19950621}} for what [[Kenneth Rose]] described as "life in a cottage on a [[Group Captain]]'s salary".{{r|lacey2008}} Royal historian [[Hugo Vickers]] wrote that "Lascelles's separation plan had worked and the love between them had died".{{r|vickers20191117}} Warwick said that "having spent two years apart, they were no longer as in love as they had been. Townsend was not the love of her life – the love of her life was her father, King George VI, whom she adored".<ref name="puente20190208">{{Cite news |last=Puente |first=Maria |date=8 February 2019 |title=Princess Margaret: PBS takes a look at the original 'Rebel Princess' |work=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/tv/2019/02/08/princess-margaret-pbs-original-rebel-princess/2770533002/ |access-date=19 November 2020 |archive-date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409024354/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/tv/2019/02/08/princess-margaret-pbs-original-rebel-princess/2770533002/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

More than 100 journalists waited at Balmoral when Eden arrived to discuss the marriage with Elizabeth and Margaret on 1 October 1955.{{r|barrymaine19581001}} [[Lord Kilmuir]], the [[Lord Chancellor]], that month prepared a secret government document on the proposed marriage.{{r|laguerre19551010}}{{r|botham2012}} According to a 1958 biography of Townsend by Norman Barrymaine and other accounts, Eden said that his government would oppose in Parliament Margaret retaining her royal status. Parliament might pass resolutions opposing the marriage, which the people would see as a disagreement between government and monarchy; [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury|Lord Salisbury]], a [[High Anglican]], might resign from the government rather than help pass a Bill of Renunciation. While the government could not prevent the marriage when Margaret became a private individual after a Bill of Renunciation, she would no longer be a Counsellor of State and would lose her civil list allowance; otherwise, taxpayers would subsidise a divorced man and his sons. The Church would consider any children from the marriage to be illegitimate. Eden recommended that, like her uncle Edward and his wife Wallis, Margaret and Townsend leave Britain{{r|barrymaine19581001}}{{r|lacey2008}} for several years.{{r|botham2012}}{{r|edwards2017}}{{r|lyall19950621}}

Papers released in 2004 to the [[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|National Archives]] disagree. They show that Elizabeth and Eden (who had been divorced and remarried himself) planned to amend the 1772 Act. Margaret would have been able to marry Townsend by removing her and any children from the marriage from the line of succession, and thus the Queen's permission would no longer be necessary. Margaret would be allowed to keep her royal title and her allowance, stay in the country, and even continue with her public duties. Eden described Elizabeth's attitude in a letter on the subject to the Commonwealth prime ministers as "Her Majesty would not wish to stand in the way of her sister's happiness". Eden himself was sympathetic; "Exclusion from the Succession would not entail any other change in Princess Margaret's position as a member of the Royal Family", he wrote.{{r|BBCMag38032464}}

On 28 October 1955 final draft of the plan, Margaret would announce that she would marry Townsend and leave the line of succession. As prearranged by Eden, the Queen would consult with the British and Commonwealth governments, and then ask them to amend the 1772 Act. Eden would have told Parliament that the Act was "out of harmony with modern conditions". Kilmuir had advised Eden that the 1772 Act was flawed and might not apply to Margaret anyway. Kilmuir estimated that 75% of Britons would approve of allowing the marriage.<ref name="BBCMag38032464">{{cite web|author=Paul Reynolds|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-38032464|title=Did the Queen stop Princess Margaret marrying Peter Townsend?|publisher=BBC|website=bbc.co.uk|date=19 November 2016|access-date=19 November 2016|archive-date=19 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119051532/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-38032464|url-status=live}}</ref> The August letter to Eden is evidence, Warwick said, that Margaret was aware of the government's intention to preserve her title and allowance.{{r|nikkhah20091107}}

The decision not to marry was made on the 24th and for the following week, Margaret worked on the wording of her statement, which was released on the 31st.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Theo Aronson |url=http://archive.org/details/princessmargaret00aron |title=Princess Margaret |date=1997 |publisher=Regnery Pub. |isbn=978-0-89526-409-1}}</ref> It is unclear what or when she was told about the government proposal, drafted on the 28th. By the early 1980s she was still protesting to biographers that the couple had been given false hope marriage was possible and she would have ended the relationship sooner had she been informed otherwise.<ref name=dempster>{{Cite book |last=Dempster |first=Nigel |url=http://archive.org/details/hrhprincessmarga0000demp |title=H.R.H. the Princess Margaret, a life unfulfilled |date=1981 |publisher=Quartet Books|location=London, New York|isbn=978-0-7043-2314-8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Shawcross |first=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IQnWtsnDrcsC&dq=shawcross+queen+mother+longford+tragedy&pg=PT539 |title=Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother: The Official Biography |date=2 October 2009 |publisher=Pan Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-74810-1 |access-date=21 June 2022 |archive-date=22 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422003220/https://books.google.com/books?id=IQnWtsnDrcsC&dq=shawcross+queen+mother+longford+tragedy&pg=PT539 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The ''Daily Mirror'' on 28 October discussed ''The Times''{{'}}s editorial with the headline "THIS CRUEL PLAN MUST BE EXPOSED". Although Margaret and Townsend had read the editorial the newspaper denounced as from "a dusty world and a forgotten age", they had earlier made their decision and written an announcement.<ref name="edwards2017">Barrymaine's 1958 biography dates ''The Times''{{'}}s editorial to 24 October, an error which other works—even Townsend's autobiography—repeats. {{Cite book |last=Edwards |first=Anne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=STEmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA364 |title=Royal Sisters: Queen Elizabeth II and Princess Margaret |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2017 |isbn=978-1630762667 |pages=268–269, 364 |access-date=9 November 2020 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407191915/https://books.google.com/books?id=STEmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA364 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{r|lacey2017}}

===End of relationship===
On 31 October 1955, Margaret issued a statement:

{{blockquote|I would like it to be known that I have decided not to marry Group Captain Peter Townsend. I have been aware that, subject to my renouncing my rights of succession, it might have been possible for me to contract a [[civil marriage]]. But mindful of the Church's teachings that Christian marriage is indissoluble, and conscious of my duty to the Commonwealth, I have resolved to put these considerations before others. I have reached this decision entirely alone, and in doing so I have been strengthened by the unfailing support and devotion of Group Captain Townsend.<ref>Princess Margaret, 31 October 1955, quoted in Warwick, p. 205</ref>}}

"Thoroughly drained, thoroughly demoralized", Margaret later said,{{r|telegraph1}} she and Townsend wrote the statement together. She refused when [[Oliver Dawnay]], the Queen Mother's private secretary, asked to remove the word "devotion".{{r|barrymaine19581001}}{{r|botham2012}} The written statement, signed "Margaret", was the first official confirmation of the relationship. Some Britons were disbelieving or angry while others, including clergy, were proud of Margaret for choosing duty and faith;<ref name="ap19551101">{{Cite news |date=1 November 1955 |title=Meg Gives Up Townsend As Love Submits to Duty |pages=1–2 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |agency=Associated Press |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XCANAAAAIBAJ&pg=2525%2C8386 |access-date=8 November 2020 |archive-date=11 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211195505/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XCANAAAAIBAJ&pg=2525%2C8386 |url-status=live }}</ref> newspapers were evenly divided on the decision. [[Mass-Observation]] recorded indifference or criticism of the couple among men, but great interest among women, whether for or against. [[Kenneth Tynan]], [[John Minton (artist)|John Minton]], [[Ronald Searle]], and others signed an open letter from "the younger generation". Published in the ''Daily Express'' on 4 November, the letter said that the end of the relationship had exposed The Establishment and "our national hypocrisy".{{r|kynaston2010}}

Townsend recalled that "We had reached the end of the road, our feelings for one another were unchanged, but they had incurred for us a burden so great that we decided together to lay it down".{{r|telegraph1}} The Associated Press said that Margaret's statement was almost "a rededication of her life to the duties of royalty, making unlikely any marriage for her in the near future";{{r|ap19551101}} the princess may have expected to never marry after the long relationship ended, because most of her eligible male friends were no longer bachelors.<ref name="marr2012">{{Cite book |last=Marr |first=Andrew |title=The Real Elizabeth: An Intimate Portrait of Queen Elizabeth II |publisher=Henry Holt and Company |year=2012 |isbn=978-1429950022}}</ref> Barrymaine agreed that Margaret intended the statement to mean that she would never marry, but wrote that Townsend likely did not accept any such vow to him by the princess, and his subsequent departure from Britain for two years was to not interfere with her life.{{r|barrymaine19581001}} "We both had a feeling of unimaginable relief. We were liberated at last from this monstrous problem", Townsend said.{{r|brown2018}}

After resigning from the RAF and travelling around the world for 18 months Townsend returned in March 1958; he and Margaret met several times, but could not avoid the press ("TOGETHER AGAIN") or royal disapproval. Townsend again left Britain to write a book about his trip; Barrymaine concluded in 1958 that "none of the fundamental obstacles to their marriage has been overcome – or shows any prospects of being overcome".{{r|barrymaine19581001}}{{r|botham2012}} Townsend said during a 1970 book tour that he and Margaret did not correspond and they had not seen each other since a "friendly" 1958 meeting, "just like I think a lot of people never see their old girl friends".<ref name="upi19700904">{{Cite news |date=4 September 1970 |title=Townsend's Hurt of Rejection Healed |page=8 |work=Desert Sun |agency=UPI |url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=DS19700904.2.51&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1 |access-date=7 November 2020 |archive-date=27 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127142829/https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=DS19700904.2.51&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1 |url-status=live }}</ref> Their love letters are in the [[Royal Archives]] and will not be available to the public until 100 years after Margaret's birth, August 2030.{{r|telegraph1}} These are unlikely to include Margaret's letters. In 1959, she wrote to Townsend in response to him informing her of his remarriage plans, accusing him of betraying their vow not to marry anyone else and requesting her love letters to him be destroyed.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Heald |first=Tim |url=http://archive.org/details/princessmargaret0000heal_n5q7 |title=Princess Margaret : a life unravelled |date=2007 |publisher=London : Weidenfeld & Nicolson |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-297-84820-2}}</ref> He claimed he complied with her wishes, but kept this letter and an envelope of burned shards of the vow she had sent, eventually destroying these also. He was apparently unaware Margaret had already broken the pact by her engagement to Billy Wallace as it was not revealed until many years later.<ref name=dempster/>

In October 1993, a friend of Margaret revealed she had met Townsend for what turned out to be the last time before his death in 1995. She had not wanted to attend the reunion they'd both been invited to, in 1992, for fear it might be picked up by the press, so she asked to see him privately instead.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rocco|first=Fiammetta|date=3 October 1993|title=When Princess Margaret...|work=The Independent}}</ref> Margaret said that he looked "exactly the same, except he had grey hair".{{r|telegraph1}} Guests said he had not really changed, and that they just sat chatting like old friends. They also found him disgruntled and had convinced himself that in agreeing to part, he and Margaret had set a noble example which seemed to have been in vain.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Aronson|first=Theo|title=Princess Margaret|publisher=Regency Inc|year=1997|isbn=9780895264091|location=London|pages=308}}</ref>

Billy Wallace later said that "The thing with Townsend was a girlish nonsense that got out of hand. It was never the big thing on her part that people claim".{{r|telegraph1}}

==Marriage to Antony Armstrong-Jones==
[[File:Princess-Margaret-Wedding-Ticket.jpeg|thumb|right|A ticket for the wedding procession]]
[[File:Princess Margaret and Lord Snowden, Amsterdam, May 1965.jpg|thumb|Margaret with her husband Lord Snowdon, May 1965]]
Margaret accepted one of Wallace's many proposals to marry in 1956, but the engagement ended before an official announcement when he admitted to a romance in the Bahamas; "I had my chance and blew it with my big mouth", Wallace said.{{r|telegraph1}} Margaret did not reveal this publicly until an interview and subsequent biography with [[Nigel Dempster]] in 1977.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Australian Women's Weekly (1933–1982) – 5 Oct 1977 – p13 |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/page/6050276 |access-date=5 June 2022 |website=Trove |archive-date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409182628/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/page/6050276 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Margaret met the photographer [[Antony Armstrong-Jones]] at a supper party in 1958.<ref name="BBC-Wedding">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/6/newsid_3993000/3993317.stm|title=1960: Margaret weds Armstrong-Jones|work=BBC|access-date=14 May 2018|archive-date=7 March 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307131914/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/6/newsid_3993000/3993317.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> They became engaged in October 1959.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/events/princess_margarets_wedding|title=Princess Margaret's wedding|work=BBC|access-date=14 May 2018|archive-date=4 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504060714/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/events/princess_margarets_wedding|url-status=live}}</ref> Armstrong-Jones proposed to Margaret with a ruby engagement ring surrounded by diamonds in the shape of a rosebud.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/british-royal-family-engagement-rings#4|title=A Close Look at the British Royal Family's Engagement Rings (slide 4)|magazine=Vogue|access-date=15 May 2018|archive-date=19 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819124907/https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/british-royal-family-engagement-rings#4|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.marieclaire.com/celebrity/g13082281/royal-engagement-rings/?slide=2|title=The Most Gorgeous Royal Engagement Rings: Your Official Guide to Who Owns What|work=Marie Claire UK|first=Mehera|last=Bonner|date=25 October 2017|access-date=15 May 2018|archive-date=10 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410033424/https://www.marieclaire.com/celebrity/g13082281/royal-engagement-rings/?slide=2|url-status=live}}</ref> She reportedly accepted his proposal a day after learning from Townsend that he intended to marry a young Belgian woman,<ref name="telegraph1">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1384451/A-captivating-woman-who-was-courted-by-many-suitors-but-failed-to-find-lasting-love.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1384451/A-captivating-woman-who-was-courted-by-many-suitors-but-failed-to-find-lasting-love.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=A captivating woman...|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK |author= Davies, Caroline|date=10 February 2002 |access-date=17 October 2008 }}{{cbignore}}</ref> Marie-Luce Jamagne, who was half his age and greatly resembled Margaret.<ref>Heald, p. 112: "looked strikingly like Princess Margaret"; Warwick, p. 223: "more than a passing resemblance to the Princess"</ref>{{r|lyall19950621}} Margaret's announcement of her engagement, on 26 February 1960, surprised the press, as she had concealed the romance from reporters.<ref>Heald, pp. 114–115; Warwick, p. 225</ref>

[[Wedding of Princess Margaret and Antony Armstrong-Jones|Margaret married Armstrong-Jones]] at [[Westminster Abbey]] on 6 May 1960.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://westminster-abbey.org/our-history/royals/princess-margaret,-daughter-of-george-vi|title=Princess Margaret, daughter of George VI|website=Westminster Abbey|access-date=14 May 2018|archive-date=15 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180515112502/http://westminster-abbey.org/our-history/royals/princess-margaret,-daughter-of-george-vi|url-status=live}}</ref> The ceremony was the first royal wedding to be broadcast on television,<ref name="telegraph1"/> and it attracted viewing figures of 300 million worldwide.<ref>Warwick, p. 227</ref> 2,000 guests were invited for the wedding ceremony.<ref name="BBC-Wedding"/> [[Wedding dress of Princess Margaret|Margaret's wedding dress]] was designed by [[Norman Hartnell]] and worn with the [[Poltimore Tiara]].<ref name="christies.com"/> She had eight young bridesmaids, led by her niece, Princess Anne.<ref>{{Cite web |title='The Royal Wedding 6 May 1960' – National Portrait Gallery |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw260227/The-Royal-Wedding-6-May-1960 |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=www.npg.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> The Duke of Edinburgh escorted the bride, and the best man was Roger Gilliatt.<ref name="BBC-Wedding"/> Archbishop of Canterbury Geoffrey Fisher conducted the marriage service.<ref name="BBC-Wedding"/> Following the ceremony, the couple made the traditional appearance on the balcony of Buckingham Palace.<ref name="BBC-Wedding"/> The honeymoon was a six-week Caribbean cruise aboard the royal yacht ''[[HMY Britannia|Britannia]]''.<ref>Heald, pp. 119–121; Warwick, pp. 229–230</ref> As a wedding present, Colin Tennant gave her a plot of land on his private Caribbean island, [[Mustique]].<ref>Heald, p. 122; Warwick, p. 271</ref> The newlyweds moved into rooms in [[Kensington Palace]].<ref>Heald, p. 141; Warwick, p. 233</ref>

In 1961, Margaret's husband was created [[Earl of Snowdon]]. The couple had two children (both born by [[Caesarean delivery on maternal request|Caesarean section at Margaret's request]]):<ref>Heald, pp. 140–141</ref> [[David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon|David]], born 3 November 1961, and [[Lady Sarah Chatto|Sarah]], born 1 May 1964.<ref name="nevin20220211">{{cite news|title=Princess Margaret|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/feb/11/guardianobituaries.princessmargaret|access-date=27 July 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407111731/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/feb/11/guardianobituaries.princessmargaret|url-status=live}}</ref> The marriage widened Margaret's social circle beyond the court and aristocracy to include show business celebrities and [[Bohemianism|bohemians]]. At the time, it was thought to reflect the breaking down of British class barriers.<ref>{{cite news|author=Haden-Guest, Anthony |title=The New Class|magazine=The Queen|date= 1965}}</ref> The Snowdons experimented with the styles and fashions of the 1960s.<ref>Warwick, p. 239</ref>

===Separation and divorce===
Both parties in the marriage regularly engaged in extramarital relationships. Lord Snowdon had a series of affairs, including with long-term mistress, Ann Hills, and Lady Jacqueline Rufus-Isaacs, daughter of the [[3rd Marquess of Reading]]. Anne De Courcy's 2008 biography summarises the situation with a quote from a close friend: "If it moves, he'll have it."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lord Snowdon: small in stature, big in bed |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/non_fictionreviews/3554322/Lord-Snowdon-small-in-stature-big-in-bed.html |access-date=24 September 2022 |website=www.telegraph.co.uk |date=20 June 2008 |archive-date=29 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729205228/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/non_fictionreviews/3554322/Lord-Snowdon-small-in-stature-big-in-bed.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Reportedly, Margaret had her first extramarital affair in 1966, with her daughter's godfather Anthony Barton, a Bordeaux wine producer.<ref>Heald, p. 170; Warwick, p. 245</ref>{{r|telegraph1}} A year later she had a one-month liaison with [[Robin Douglas-Home]], a nephew of former British prime minister Alec Douglas-Home.<ref>Heald, p. 170</ref>{{r|telegraph1}} Margaret claimed that her relationship with Douglas-Home was platonic, but her letters to him (which were later sold) were intimate.<ref>Warwick, pp. 245–246</ref> Douglas-Home, who suffered from [[depression (mood disorder)|depression]], died by suicide 18 months after the split with Margaret.<ref name="telegraph1" /> Claims that she was romantically involved with musician [[Mick Jagger]],<ref>Aronson, p. 229</ref> actor [[Peter Sellers]], and Australian cricketer [[Keith Miller]] are unproven.<ref>{{Citation|url=http://content-www.cricinfo.com/australia/content/player/6612.html|title=Cricinfo – Players and Officials – Keith Miller|publisher=Cricinfo|access-date=13 October 2008|archive-date=2 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202075041/http://content-www.cricinfo.com/australia/content/player/6612.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to biographer Charlotte Breese, entertainer [[Leslie Hutchinson]] had a "brief liaison" with Margaret in 1955.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Breese |first1=Charlotte |title=Hutch |publisher=Bloomsbury |location=London |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-4088-3113-7 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q18pjLrQA40C&pg=PT266 |chapter=Chapter Twelve: The Sweet Smell 1956–1959 |access-date=2 March 2020 |archive-date=23 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523005647/https://books.google.com/books?id=q18pjLrQA40C&pg=PT266#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> A 2009 biography of actor [[David Niven]] included assertions, based on information from Niven's widow and a good friend of Niven's, that he had had an affair with Margaret, who was 20 years his junior.<ref>[[Munn, Michael]] (24 May 2009).[http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/book_extracts/article6349165.ece "Oh God, I wanted her to die"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106154450/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/book_extracts/article6349165.ece |date=6 January 2010 }}, ''The Sunday Times'', Retrieved 29 May 2009.</ref> In 1975, Margaret was listed among women with whom actor [[Warren Beatty]] had had romantic relationships.<ref>Playgirl, Volume 3, 1975</ref> [[John Bindon]], an actor from Fulham, who had spent time in prison, sold his story to the ''Daily Mirror'', boasting of a close relationship with Margaret.<ref>Aronson, p. 260</ref>
[[File:Prinses Margaret en Lord Snowdon door Amsterdams gemeentebestuur in Rijksmuseum , Bestanddeelnr 917-7747.jpg|thumb|left|Margaret shakes hands with Mayor of Amsterdam [[Gijs van Hall]], 14 May 1965]]

Beyond extramarital relationships, the marriage was accompanied by drugs, alcohol, and bizarre behaviour by both parties, such as Snowdon's leaving lists of "things I hate about you" for Margaret to find between the pages of books she read. According to biographer [[Sarah Bradford]], one note read: "You look like a Jewish manicurist and I hate you".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bradford |first=Sarah |title=Elizabeth: A Biography of Britain's Queen |year=1996 |location=London}}</ref>

By the early 1970s, the couple had drifted apart. In September 1973, Colin Tennant introduced Margaret to [[Roddy Llewellyn]]. Llewellyn was 17 years her junior. In 1974, she invited him as a guest to ''[[Les Jolies Eaux]]'', the holiday home she had built on Mustique.<ref>Heald, p. 194; Warwick, p. 255</ref> It was the first of several visits. Margaret described their relationship as "a loving friendship".<ref>Margaret, quoted in Warwick, p. 256</ref> Once, when Llewellyn left on an impulsive trip to Turkey, Margaret became emotionally distraught and took an overdose of sleeping tablets.<ref>Heald, p. 198; Warwick, p. 257</ref> "I was so exhausted because of everything", she later said, "that all I wanted to do was sleep".<ref>Quoted in Warwick, p. 257</ref> As she recovered, her ladies-in-waiting kept Snowdon away from her, afraid that seeing him would distress her further.<ref>Warwick, p. 257</ref>

In February 1976, a picture of Margaret and Llewellyn in swimsuits on Mustique was published on the front page of a tabloid, the ''[[News of the World]]''. The press portrayed Margaret as a predatory older woman and Llewellyn as her [[toyboy]] lover.<ref>Warwick, p. 258</ref> On 19 March 1976, Margaret and Snowdon publicly acknowledged that their marriage had irretrievably broken down and that they had decided to separate.<ref>Heald, p. 197; Warwick, p. 258</ref><ref name="BBC-divorce">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/19/newsid_4243000/4243211.stm |title=1976: Princess Margaret and Lord Snowdon to split |date=19 March 1976 |publisher=BBC |access-date=14 May 2018 |archive-date=7 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307121601/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/19/newsid_4243000/4243211.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> Some politicians suggested removing Margaret from the civil list. [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] MPs denounced her as "a royal parasite"<ref>[[Dennis Canavan]] quoted in Warwick, p. 260</ref> and a "floosie".<ref>[[Willie Hamilton]] quoted in Warwick, p. 261</ref> On 24 May 1978, the [[decree nisi]] for the couple's divorce was granted.<ref name="BBC-divorce"/> In the same month, Margaret was taken ill, and diagnosed as suffering from [[gastroenteritis]] and [[alcoholic hepatitis]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/royals/readings/fate.html |title=The Princess and the Press: The Fate of Margaret |publisher=PBS |first=Ben |last=Pimlott |date=1996 |access-date=16 March 2018 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407111731/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/royals/readings/fate.html |url-status=live }}</ref> although Warwick denied that she was ever an alcoholic.{{r|puente20190208}} On 11 July 1978, the divorce was finalised.<ref>Aronson, p. 268</ref> It was the first divorce of a senior member of the British royal family since that of [[Princess Victoria Melita of Edinburgh]] and [[Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse]] in 1901.<ref>{{cite book |last=Jobson |first=Robert |title=The Windsor Legacy: A Royal Dynasty of Secrets, Scandal and Survival |date=6 November 2025 |publisher=Pegasus Books |isbn=9798897100927 |location=London |page=88}}</ref> Allegedly, Margaret did not want a divorce: she tried to make her marriage succeed, but there were "too many challenges". Devastated by the divorce, Margaret never remarried.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nolasco |first=Stephanie |date=2021-06-29 |title=Princess Margaret 'was a deeply Christian woman' who 'desperately' wanted her doomed marriage to work: author |url=https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/princess-margaret-divorce-earl-of-snowdon-andrew-morton-book |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=Fox News |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616180835/https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/princess-margaret-divorce-earl-of-snowdon-andrew-morton-book |url-status=live }}</ref> On 15 December 1978, Snowdon married Lucy Lindsay-Hogg, but he and Margaret remained close friends.<ref>Warwick, p. 263</ref>

In 1981, Llewellyn married Tatiana Soskin, whom he had known for 10 years.<ref>Warwick, p. 274</ref> Margaret remained close friends with them both.<ref>Heald, p. 308; Warwick, p. 256</ref>

==Public life==
[[File:Princess Margaret and Lord Snowdon with Lyndon B. Johnson and Lady Bird Johnson.jpg|thumb|Margaret and Snowdon with [[Lyndon B. Johnson|Lyndon B.]] and [[Lady Bird Johnson]] at the [[White House]], 17 November 1965]]

Among Margaret's first official engagements was launching the ocean liner ''[[RMS Edinburgh Castle (1947)|Edinburgh Castle]]'' in [[Belfast]] in 1947.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/1811027.stm|title=Princess Margaret and Northern Ireland|publisher=BBC|date=9 February 2002|access-date=19 March 2018|archive-date=19 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019103645/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/1811027.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequently, Margaret went on multiple tours of various places; in her first major tour she joined her parents and sister for a tour of South Africa in 1947. Her tour aboard ''Britannia'' to the British colonies in the Caribbean in 1955 created a sensation throughout the West Indies, and [[Calypso music|calypsos]] were dedicated to her.<ref>Payne, p. 17</ref> As colonies of the British [[Commonwealth of Nations]] sought nationhood, Margaret represented the Crown at independence ceremonies in Jamaica in 1962<ref>Heald, pp. 149–150</ref> and Tuvalu and Dominica in 1978. Her visit to Tuvalu was cut short by an illness, which may have been viral pneumonia,<ref>Heald, pp. 206–207</ref> and she was flown to Australia to recuperate.<ref>Heald, p. 207</ref> Other overseas tours included East Africa and Mauritius in 1956, the United States in 1965, Japan in 1969 and 1979,<ref>Heald, pp. 154–163, 210</ref> the United States and Canada in 1974,<ref>Heald, p. 187</ref> Australia in 1975,<ref>Heald, pp. 188–190</ref> the Philippines in 1980,<ref>Heald, pp. 225–226</ref> Swaziland in 1981,<ref>Heald, pp. 229–233</ref> and China in 1987.<ref>Heald, pp. 245–247</ref>

In August 1979, [[Assassination of Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Margaret's second cousin once-removed Lord Mountbatten and members of his family were killed by a bomb]] planted by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/27/newsid_2511000/2511545.stm "1979: IRA bomb kills Lord Mountbatten"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080121045317/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/27/newsid_2511000/2511545.stm |date=21 January 2008 }}, BBC On This Day, 27 August 1979</ref> That October, while on a fundraising tour of the United States on behalf of the [[Royal Opera House]], Margaret was seated at a dinner reception in Chicago with columnist [[Abra Prentice Wilkin|Abra Anderson]] and Mayor [[Jane Byrne]]. Margaret told them that the royal family had been moved by the many letters of condolence from Ireland.<ref name=w267>Warwick, p. 267</ref> The following day, Anderson's rival [[Irv Kupcinet]] published a claim that Margaret had referred to the Irish as "pigs".<ref>Heald, p. 217; Warwick, p. 267</ref> Margaret, Anderson, and Byrne all issued immediate denials,<ref name=w267/> but the damage was already done.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/30/world/british-uneasy-over-irish-cancel-visit-to-us-by-princess-margaret.html |title=British, Uneasy Over Irish, Cancel Visit To U.S. By Princess Margaret |newspaper=The New York Times |first=R.W. Jr. |last=Apple |date=1981 |access-date=16 March 2018 |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823094616/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/30/world/british-uneasy-over-irish-cancel-visit-to-us-by-princess-margaret.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The rest of the tour drew demonstrations, and Margaret's security was doubled in the face of physical threats.<ref>Warwick, pp. 267–268</ref>

=== Charity work ===
[[File:Sheildag-Kenmore Road sign 1970.jpg|thumb|Sheildag-Kenmore Road in the Scottish Highlands opened by Princess Margaret on 11 May 1970]]
Margaret's main interests were welfare charities, music and ballet.<ref name="BBC-charity">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1100612.stm|title=The charitable princess|publisher=BBC|date=9 February 2002|access-date=19 March 2018|archive-date=26 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926034801/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1100612.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> She was president of the [[National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children]] (NSPCC),<ref name="BBC-charity"/> the [[Royal Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children]] (Children 1st),<ref name="Scotland-Tribute"/> and Invalid Children's Aid Nationwide (also called 'I CAN'). She was also Grand President of the [[St John Ambulance]] Brigade.<ref name="BBC-charity"/> Margaret was president or patron of numerous organisations, such as the [[West Indies Olympic Association]], the [[Girl Guides]],<ref name="BBC-charity"/> [[Northern Ballet Theatre]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northernballettheatre.co.uk/history1976.aspx|title=Northern ballet theatre|access-date=10 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525104627/http://www.northernballettheatre.co.uk/history1976.aspx|archive-date=25 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Birmingham Royal Ballet]],<ref name="England-Tribute">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/1810948.stm|title=Tributes pour in from across England|publisher=BBC|date=9 February 2002|access-date=27 May 2018|archive-date=16 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316100607/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/1810948.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Scottish Ballet]],<ref name="Scotland-Tribute">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/1810838.stm|title=Scots sorrow at death of princess|publisher=BBC|date=9 February 2002|access-date=27 May 2018|archive-date=19 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019103825/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/1810838.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Tenovus Cancer Care]],<ref name="Wales-Tribute">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/1810964.stm|title=Welsh tributes flow for princess|publisher=BBC|date=9 February 2002|access-date=27 May 2018|archive-date=19 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019103851/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/1810964.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> the [[Royal College of Nursing]],<ref name="Wales-Tribute"/> and the [[London Lighthouse]] (an AIDS charity that has since merged with the [[Terrence Higgins Trust]]).<ref name="odnb"/> In her capacity as president of [[the Royal Ballet]], she played a key role in launching a fund for Dame [[Margot Fonteyn]], who was experiencing financial troubles.<ref name="Devotee-Arts">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1100791.stm|title=Margaret: Devotee of the Arts|date=9 February 2002|accessdate=19 April 2021|archive-date=19 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162201/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1100791.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> With the help of the Children's Royal Variety Performance, she also organised yearly fundraisers for NSPCC.<ref name="Devotee-Arts"/> At some points Margaret was criticised for not being as active as other members of the royal family.<ref name="BBC-charity"/>

==Illness and death==
[[File:Princess Margaret.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Margaret in later life]]
Margaret's later life was marred by illness and disability.<ref name="BBC-Illness">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1810970.stm|title=Princess's history of ill health|publisher=BBC|date=9 February 2002|access-date=18 March 2018|archive-date=1 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101205751/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1810970.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> She began smoking cigarettes in her late teens and had continued to smoke heavily for many years thereafter.<ref>Heald, pp. 32–33</ref><ref name=smoking>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/smoking-and-heady-lifestyle-took-its-toll-9215817.html |last=Archer |first=Peter |title=Smoking and heady lifestyle took its toll |quote=Her addiction to strong [[Chesterfield cigarettes]] was rivalled only by her partiality to [[Famous Grouse]] whisky at home and gin in hot climates. |work=The Independent |date=9 February 2002 |access-date=17 March 2024 |archive-date=17 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317120042/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/smoking-and-heady-lifestyle-took-its-toll-9215817.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 1970s, she suffered a [[nervous breakdown]] and was treated for depression by a psychiatrist from the [[Priory Clinic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/mar/30/princessmargaret.monarchy|title=Princess Margaret resting after stroke|work=The Guardian|first=Stephen|last=Bates|date=29 March 2001|accessdate=12 March 2021}}</ref> Later on, she suffered from [[migraine]]s, [[laryngitis]], and [[bronchitis]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/find_out/guides/uk/princess_margaret/newsid_1811000/1811185.stm|title=Princess Margaret – Her failing health|work=CBBC|date=9 February 2002|accessdate=26 June 2022|archive-date=26 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626071722/http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/find_out/guides/uk/princess_margaret/newsid_1811000/1811185.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 1980, she was operated on at [[the London Clinic]] to remove a benign [[skin lesion]].<ref name="BBC-Illness"/> On 5 January 1985, she had part of her left lung removed; the operation drew parallels with that of her father 34 years earlier.<ref>Warwick, p. 276</ref> She quit smoking in 1991<ref name=Heald256>Heald, p. 256</ref> or January 1993,<ref name=smoking/> although servants still claimed they smelt cigarette smoke in her apartment<ref name=smoking/> and she continued to drink heavily.<ref name=Heald256 />

In January 1993, Margaret was admitted to hospital for [[pneumonia]]. She experienced a mild [[stroke]] on 23 February 1998 at her holiday home in Mustique.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/feb/09/princessmargaret.monarchy |title=A lifetime dogged by ill-health |newspaper=The Guardian |date=9 February 2002 |access-date=18 March 2018 |archive-date=16 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616191014/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/feb/09/princessmargaret.monarchy |url-status=live }}</ref> Early the following year, she suffered severe scalds to her feet<!--How did she severely scald both feet in the same incident?--> in a bathroom accident, which affected her mobility in that she required support when walking and sometimes used a wheelchair.<ref>Warwick, pp. 290–291</ref> She was hospitalised on 10 January 2001, due to loss of appetite and swallowing problems after a further stroke.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/1111608.stm |title=Princess Margaret: The medical care |publisher=BBC |date=11 January 2001 |access-date=16 March 2018 |archive-date=2 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102020258/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/1111608.stm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1118470.stm |title=Charles visits Princess Margaret |publisher=BBC |date=15 January 2001 |access-date=16 March 2018 |archive-date=11 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211195505/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1118470.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> By March 2001, strokes had left her with partial vision and paralysis on the left side.<ref>Warwick, pp. 299–302</ref> Margaret's last public appearances were at the 101st birthday celebrations of her mother in August 2001, and the 100th birthday celebration of her aunt [[Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester]], that December.<ref>Warwick, p. 303</ref>

Margaret died in her sleep at [[King Edward VII's Hospital]], London, at 6:30&nbsp;am on 9 February 2002, aged 71, three days after the 50th anniversary of her father's death. She was 11th in line to the throne at the time of her death. The previous day, she had suffered another stroke that was followed by cardiac problems.<ref>Warwick, p. 304</ref><ref name="BBC-Illness"/><ref name="Scotland-Tribute"/> Prince Charles paid tribute to his aunt in a television broadcast.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oxdiCX9gO_E  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/oxdiCX9gO_E| archive-date=11 December 2021 |url-status=live|title=Heir to the throne on death of his aunt |publisher=YouTube |work=AP Archive |date=24 July 2015 |access-date=27 May 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1811592.stm |title=Charles: My darling aunt |publisher=BBC |date=9 February 2002 |access-date=27 May 2018 |archive-date=16 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316100607/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1811592.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> UK politicians and foreign leaders sent their condolences as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1810861.stm|title=Blair's condolences for Royal Family|work=BBC|date=10 February 2002|accessdate=18 April 2021|archive-date=19 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419154818/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1810861.stm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/1811370.stm|title=World tributes to Princess Margaret|work=BBC|date=9 February 2002|accessdate=18 April 2021|archive-date=18 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418205017/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/1811370.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Following her death, private memorial services were held at [[St Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringham|St Mary Magdalene Church]] and Glamis Castle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1812717.stm|title=Prayers for Princess Margaret|work=BBC|date=10 February 2002|accessdate=18 April 2021|archive-date=18 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418205510/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1812717.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>

Margaret's coffin, draped in her personal [[standard (flag)|standard]], was taken from Kensington Palace to [[St James's Palace]] before her funeral.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1813439.stm |title=Princess to be cremated |publisher=BBC |date=12 February 2002 |access-date=19 March 2018 |archive-date=10 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210215043/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1813439.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> Her funeral was held on 15 February 2002, the 50th anniversary of her father's funeral.<ref name="Vault">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1820615.stm |title=A break in Royal tradition |publisher=BBC |date=15 February 2002 |access-date=19 March 2018 |archive-date=22 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422181802/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1820615.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> In line with her wishes, the ceremony was a private service at [[St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle]], for family and friends.<ref>Warwick, p. 306</ref> Unlike most other members of the royal family, she was cremated, at [[Slough]] Crematorium.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1385035/Bell-tolls-for-Margarets-final-journey.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1385035/Bell-tolls-for-Margarets-final-journey.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Bell tolls for Margaret's final journey |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |first=Caroline |last=Davies |date=16 February 2002 |access-date=19 March 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Her lady-in-waiting, [[Anne Tennant, Baroness Glenconner|Lady Glenconner]], stated that Margaret found the [[Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore|Royal Burial Ground]] at [[Frogmore]] "very gloomy" and would have wanted to be where her father was buried.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/uk-news/margaret-to-be-cremated-because-burial-too-gloomy-2509895|title=Margaret to be cremated because burial 'too gloomy'|work=The Scotsman|date=13 February 2002|access-date=21 April 2024|archive-date=21 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421150511/https://www.scotsman.com/news/uk-news/margaret-to-be-cremated-because-burial-too-gloomy-2509895|url-status=live}}</ref> Margaret's ashes were temporarily placed in the Royal Vault of St George's Chapel. Following the [[Death and funeral of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother|Queen Mother's death]] seven weeks later and after her funeral, they were interred in the [[King George VI Memorial Chapel]] to rest alongside her parents.<ref>Warwick, pp. 306–308</ref><ref name="Vault"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/world/arid-30044910.html|title=Margaret's ashes to be interred with Queen Mother's coffin|work=Irish Examiner|date=31 March 2002|accessdate=15 September 2022|archive-date=15 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915051533/https://www.irishexaminer.com/world/arid-30044910.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A service of thanksgiving and remembrance for Margaret was held at Westminster Abbey on 19 April 2002.<ref>Heald, p. 295</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.westminster-abbey.org/media/opvkhc3d/princess-margaret-memorial-2002.pdf|title=A Service of Thanksgiving and Remembrance for Her Royal Highness The Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon CI GCVO 1930 – 2002|work=Westminster Abbey|date=19 April 2002|access-date=11 August 2025}}</ref> A memorial service marking the tenth anniversary of the deaths of both Margaret and the Queen Mother was held on 30 March 2012 at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, attended by Queen Elizabeth II and other members of the royal family.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-berkshire-17566981|title=Tributes to Queen Mother and Princess Margaret at Windsor memorial|work=BBC|date=30 March 2012|accessdate=30 March 2022|archive-date=30 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330055406/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-berkshire-17566981|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Legacy==
===Image===
{{quote box|width=32em|<poem>We thank thee Lord who by thy spirit doth our faith restore
When we with worldly things commune & prayerless close our door
We lose our precious gift divine to worship and adore
Then thou our Saviour, fill our hearts to love thee evermore</poem>|source=Princess Margaret's epitaph, which she wrote herself, is carved on a memorial stone in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle<ref>Heald, p. 294</ref>}}

Observers often characterised Margaret as a spoiled [[snob]] capable of cutting remarks and hauteur.<ref>Heald, pp. 130–131, 222–223</ref> Critics claimed that she even looked down on her grandmother [[Mary of Teck|Queen Mary]] because Mary was born a princess with the lower "[[Serene Highness]]" style, whereas Margaret was a "[[Royal Highness]]" by birth.<ref>Heald, p. 89</ref> Their letters, however, provide no indication of friction between them.<ref>Heald, pp. 15–16, 89</ref>

Margaret could also be charming and informal. People who came into contact with her could be perplexed by her swings between frivolity and formality.<ref>Heald, p. 146</ref> Marion Crawford wrote in her memoir: "Impulsive and bright remarks she made became headlines and, taken out of their context, began to produce in the public eye an oddly distorted personality that bore little resemblance to the Margaret we knew."<ref>Crawford, p. 226</ref>

Margaret's acquaintance [[Gore Vidal]], the American writer, wrote: "She was far too intelligent for her station in life". He recalled a conversation with Margaret in which, discussing her public notoriety, she said: "It was inevitable, when there are two sisters and one is the Queen, who must be the source of honour and all that is good, while the other must be the focus of the most creative malice, the evil sister".<ref name="vidalmemoir">{{cite book |last=Vidal |first=Gore |author-link=Gore Vidal |title=Point to Point Navigation |publisher=Little, Brown |location=London |year=2006 |isbn=0-316-02727-8}}</ref>

[[File:Princess Margaret meets Cliff Richard at the 59 Club, 1962. (7936244214).jpg|thumb|left|Margaret (left) and [[Cliff Richard]] at the [[59 Club]], London in 1962]]
As a child, Margaret enjoyed pony shows, but unlike other family members she did not express interest in hunting, shooting, and fishing in adulthood.<ref name="Devotee-Arts"/> She became interested in ballet from a very young age and enjoyed participating in amateur plays. She directed one such play, titled ''[[The Frogs]]'', with her aristocratic friends as cast members.<ref name="Devotee-Arts"/> Actors and film stars were among the regular visitors to her residence at Kensington Palace.<ref name="Devotee-Arts"/> In January 1981, she was the guest for an episode of BBC Radio 4's ''[[Desert Island Discs]]''. Her musical choices included "[[Sixteen Tons]]" by [[Tennessee Ernie Ford]] which she said had entertained her in a traffic jam. Her favourite was [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]]'s ''[[Swan Lake]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p009mvhf|title=HRH Princess Margaret|work=BBC Radio 4|date=23 January 1981|accessdate=19 April 2021|archive-date=10 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210123536/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p009mvhf|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1984, she appeared as herself in an episode of the radio drama ''[[The Archers]]'', becoming the first member of the royal family to take part in a BBC drama.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/historyofthebbc/anniversaries/june/princess-margaret-on-the-archers|title=Princess Margaret makes a guest appearance on The Archers|work=BBC|date=22 June 1984|accessdate=19 April 2021|archive-date=22 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622072019/https://www.bbc.com/historyofthebbc/anniversaries/june/princess-margaret-on-the-archers|url-status=live}}</ref>

Margaret's private life was for many years the subject of intense speculation by media and royalty watchers. Her house on Mustique, designed by her husband's uncle [[Oliver Messel]], a stage designer, was her favourite holiday destination.<ref>See, for example, Roy Strong quoted in Heald, p. 191</ref> Allegations of wild parties and drug taking also surfaced in the media.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/film-tv/a30111575/the-crown-season-3-princess-margaret-overdose/ |title=The Truth About Princess Margaret's Overdose Scene in The Crown |magazine=Harper's Bazaar |first=Erica |last=Gonzales |date=7 December 2019 |access-date=2 December 2020 |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410033431/https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/film-tv/a30111575/the-crown-season-3-princess-margaret-overdose/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Margaret was a devout Anglican her whole life,<ref>{{cite web|first=Nicholas|last=Witchell|title=Archbishop of Canterbury on the death of Princess Margaret|work=Anglican News Service|date=9 February 2002|url=https://www.anglicannews.org/news/2002/02/archbishop-of-canterbury-on-the-death-of-princess-margaret.aspx|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> though "she had desires that often conflicted with her faith".<ref name=":0" /> At one point, she considered becoming [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2020 |title=Princess Margaret Considered Converting to Catholicism Thanks to Her Friend Derek Jennings |url=https://sg.news.yahoo.com/princess-margaret-considered-converting-catholicism-231800102.html |access-date=20 March 2024 |website=Yahoo News |language=en-SG |archive-date=20 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240320194302/https://sg.news.yahoo.com/princess-margaret-considered-converting-catholicism-231800102.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Following Margaret's death, her lady-in-waiting, Lady Glenconner, said that "[Margaret] was devoted to the Queen and tremendously supportive of her".<ref name="BBC-Tributes">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1811201.stm |title=Princess Margaret: Tributes at a glance |publisher=BBC |date=9 February 2002 |access-date=28 May 2018}}</ref> Margaret was described by her cousin [[Lady Elizabeth Shakerley]] as "somebody who had a wonderful capacity for giving a lot of people pleasure and she was making a very, very, very good and loyal friend".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1812537.stm |title=Margaret's cousin attacks 'cruel' media |publisher=BBC |date=10 February 2002 |access-date=28 May 2018 |archive-date=28 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528140242/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1812537.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> Another cousin, [[Patrick Anson, 5th Earl of Lichfield|Lord Lichfield]], said that "[Margaret] was pretty sad towards the end of her life because it was a life unfulfilled".<ref name="BBC-Tributes"/>

''[[The Independent]]'' wrote in Townsend's 1995 obituary that "The immense display of popular sentiment and interest [in the relationship] can now be seen to have constituted a watershed in [[Divorce in England and Wales|the nation's attitude towards divorce]]".{{r|delanoy19950621}} The Archbishop of Canterbury and the Church received much of the popular anger toward the end of the relationship.{{r|kynaston2010}} Randolph Churchill believed that rumours "that Fisher had intervened to prevent the Princess from marrying Townsend has done incalculable harm to the Church of England";<ref name="holmes2016">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8CglDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA75 |title=The Church of England and Divorce in the Twentieth Century: Legalism and Grace |author=Ann Sumner Holmes |pages=78–79 |date=13 October 2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781848936171 |access-date=3 January 2019}}</ref> a Gallup poll found that 28% agreed, and 59% disagreed, with the Church's refusal to remarry a divorced person while the other spouse was alive.{{r|kynaston2010}} Biographer Warwick suggests that Margaret's most enduring legacy is an accidental one. Perhaps unwittingly, Margaret paved the way for public acceptance of royal divorce. Her life, if not her actions, made the decisions and choices of her sister's children, three of whom divorced, easier than they otherwise would have been.<ref>Warwick, pp. 308–309</ref>

Eden reportedly told Elizabeth in Balmoral when discussing Margaret and Townsend that, regardless of outcome, the monarchy would be damaged.{{r|barrymaine19581001}}  In 1995, [[Harold Brooks-Baker]] was quoted in Townsend's obituary: "In my opinion, this was the turning point to disaster for the royal family. After Princess Margaret was denied marriage, it backfired and more or less ruined Margaret's life. The Queen decided that from then on, anyone someone in her family wanted to marry would be more or less acceptable. The royal family and the public now feel that they've gone too far in the other direction".<ref name="lyall19950621">{{Cite news |last=Lyall |first=Sarah |date=21 June 1995 |title=Peter Townsend Dies at 80; Princess Margaret's Love (Published 1995) |page=A16 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/21/obituaries/peter-townsend-dies-at-80-princess-margaret-s-love.html |access-date=5 November 2020 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407111731/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/21/obituaries/peter-townsend-dies-at-80-princess-margaret-s-love.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Fashion and style===
[[File:Margaret prinses van Engel (Bestanddeelnr 092-1353).jpg|thumb|upright|Margaret in 1965]]
During her lifetime, Margaret was considered a fashion icon.<ref name="bazaars">{{cite magazine |last1=Algoo |first1=Jennifer |title=Princess Margaret's Greatest Fashion Moments Through the Years |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/features/g8106/princess-margaret-style/ |magazine=Harper's Bazaar |date=8 November 2019 |access-date=28 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="graziaa">{{cite web |last1=Newis Smith |first1=Josh |title=Princess Margaret: We Take A Look At The Forgotten Royal Style Icon's Wardrobe |url=https://graziadaily.co.uk/fashion/shopping/princess-margaret-forgotten-fashion-icon-royal-family/ |website=Grazia Daily |date=12 September 2014 |access-date=28 October 2021 |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028234305/https://graziadaily.co.uk/fashion/shopping/princess-margaret-forgotten-fashion-icon-royal-family/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="marie">{{cite web |last1=Tromans |first1=Chelsea |title=Princess Margaret's Greatest Fashion Moments Through the Years |url=https://www.marieclaire.com.au/princess-margaret-fashion-over-the-decades |website=Marie Claire |date=29 December 2019 |access-date=28 October 2021 |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028234303/https://www.marieclaire.com.au/princess-margaret-fashion-over-the-decades |url-status=live }}</ref> Her fashion earned the nickname 'The Margaret Look'.<ref name="marie"/> The princess, dubbed a 'royal rebel', styled herself in contrast to her sister's prim and timeless style, adopting trendy [[Mod (subculture)|mod]] accessories, such as brightly coloured headscarves and glamorous sunglasses.<ref name="bazaars"/><ref name="hufff"/><ref name="marie2">{{cite web |last1=Goldstone |first1=Penny |title=A look back at Princess Margaret's most daring looks |url=https://www.marieclaire.co.uk/fashion/princess-margaret-style-695015 |website=Marie Claire UK |date=20 April 2020 |access-date=28 October 2021 |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028235806/https://www.marieclaire.co.uk/fashion/princess-margaret-style-695015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Margaret developed a close relationship with fashion designer [[Christian Dior]], wearing his designs throughout her life and becoming one of his most prominent customers. In 1950, he designed a [[Cream Dior dress of Princess Margaret|cream gown]] worn for her 21st birthday, which has been cited as an iconic part of fashion history.<ref name="smiths">{{cite web |last1=Katz |first1=Brigit |title=Princess Margaret's Iconic 21st Birthday Dress Goes on Display |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/princess-margarets-iconic-21st-birthday-dress-goes-displaystains-and-all-180971404/ |website=Smithsonian Magazine |access-date=28 October 2021 |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028230557/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/princess-margarets-iconic-21st-birthday-dress-goes-displaystains-and-all-180971404/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hills |first1=Megan C. |title=The Christian Dior exhibition in London: The story behind Princess Margaret's iconic gown and more |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/style/christian-dior-exhibition-london-how-to-get-tickets-dates-dresses-a4046851.html |website=The Standard |date=February 2019 |access-date=28 October 2021 |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028230556/https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/style/christian-dior-exhibition-london-how-to-get-tickets-dates-dresses-a4046851.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="harpers">{{cite magazine |last1=Frost |first1=Karie |title=Princess Margaret's iconic 21st birthday gown goes on display at the V&A's Dior exhibition |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/fashion-news/a26084601/princess-margaret-birthday-portrait-gown-dior-exhibition/ |magazine=Harper's Bazaar |date=30 January 2019 |access-date=28 October 2021 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231111654/https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/fashion-news/a26084601/princess-margaret-birthday-portrait-gown-dior-exhibition/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Throughout the decade, Margaret was known for wearing floral-print dresses, bold-hued ballgowns and luxurious fabrics, accessorising with diamonds, pearls, and fur stoles.<ref name="marie2"/><ref name="hufff">{{cite web |last1=Wong |first1=Brittany |title=Princess Margaret's Style Evolution, From Peak Princess To Style Icon |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/princess-margaret-style_l_5dc9e66ee4b0fcfb7f6b6fcb |website=HuffPost |date=17 November 2019 |access-date=28 October 2021 |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028234303/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/princess-margaret-style_l_5dc9e66ee4b0fcfb7f6b6fcb |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[British Vogue]]'' wrote that Margaret's style 'hit her stride' in the mid-60s, where she was photographed alongside celebrities like [[The Beatles]], [[Frank Sinatra]] and [[Sophia Loren]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=McDermott |first1=Kerry |title=Princess Margaret's Royal Style In 21 Divine Vintage Photos |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/arts-and-lifestyle/gallery/princess-margaret-style |website=British Vogue |date=17 November 2019 |access-date=28 October 2021 |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028234304/https://www.vogue.co.uk/arts-and-lifestyle/gallery/princess-margaret-style |url-status=live }}</ref> Margaret was also known for her "magnificent" hats and headdresses, including a canary feather hat worn on a 1962 Jamaica visit and a peacock feather pillbox hat to the 1973 [[Royal Ascot]].<ref name="marie2"/> ''[[Marie Claire]]'' stated that the princess "refused to compromise" on her style later in life, continuing with trends of big sleeves and strapless [[evening gowns]].<ref name="marie2"/>

In April 2007, an exhibition titled ''Princess Line – The Fashion Legacy of Princess Margaret'' opened at Kensington Palace, showcasing contemporary fashion from British designers such as [[Vivienne Westwood]] inspired by Margaret's legacy of style. [[Christopher Bailey (fashion designer)|Christopher Bailey's]] Spring 2006 collection for [[Burberry]] was inspired by Margaret's look from the 1960s.<ref>Heald, pp. 296–297</ref>

===Finances===
In her lifetime, Margaret's fortune was estimated to be around £20 million, with most of it being inherited from her father.<ref name="Tel-Estate">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1398414/Margaret-leaves-7.6m-fortune-to-her-children.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1398414/Margaret-leaves-7.6m-fortune-to-her-children.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Margaret leaves £7.6m fortune to her children|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|first=Sally|last=Pook|date=26 June 2002|access-date=2 June 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> She also inherited pieces of art and antiques from Queen Mary, and Dame [[Margaret Greville]] left her £20,000 in 1943.<ref name="Tel-Estate"/> In 1999, her son, Lord Linley, sold his mother's Caribbean residence Les Jolies Eaux for a reported £2.4 million.<ref name="Tel-Estate"/> At the time of her death Margaret received £219,000 from the civil list.<ref name="Tel-Estate"/> Following her death, she left a £7.6 million estate to her two children, which was cut down to £4.5 million after [[inheritance tax]].<ref name="Tel-Estate"/> In June 2006, much of Margaret's estate was auctioned by [[Christie's]] to meet the tax and, in her son's words, "normal family requirements such as educating her grandchildren",<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1539451/Viscount-Linley-defends-royal-auction.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1539451/Viscount-Linley-defends-royal-auction.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Viscount Linley defends royal auction|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|first=Roya|last=Nikkhah|date=14 January 2007|access-date=2 June 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> though some of the items were sold in aid of charities such as [[the Stroke Association]].<ref>Heald, pp. 297–301</ref> Reportedly, Elizabeth had made it clear that the proceeds from any item that was given to her sister in an official capacity must be donated to charities.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1520956/Queen-urges-Margarets-heirs-to-avoid-another-royal-gift-scandal.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1520956/Queen-urges-Margarets-heirs-to-avoid-another-royal-gift-scandal.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Queen urges Margaret's heirs to avoid another royal gift scandal|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|first=Andrew|last=Alderson|date=11 June 2016|access-date=2 June 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> A world record price of £1.24&nbsp;million was set by a [[Fabergé]] clock.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/06/09/margaret.jewels/|title=Princess's gems, tiara for auction|publisher=CNN|date=9 June 2006|access-date=2 June 2018|archive-date=18 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318031553/http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/06/09/margaret.jewels/|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Poltimore Tiara]], which she wore for her wedding in 1960, sold for £926,400.<ref name=sale>Heald, p. 301</ref> [[Princess Margaret (Pietro Annigoni portrait)|A portrait of Margaret]] by [[Pietro Annigoni]] was purchased back by her son at the price of £680,000–more than three times the original estimate–once it became apparent that the sale had far exceeded expectations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/2982471/Princess-Margaret-portrait-on-display.html|title=Princess Margaret portrait on display|work=The Telegraph|first=Anita|last=Singh|date=18 September 2008|access-date=4 August 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511020534/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/2982471/Princess-Margaret-portrait-on-display.html|archive-date=11 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7623430.stm|title=Princess's portrait goes on show|work=BBC News|date=18 September 2008|access-date=4 August 2025}}</ref> The sale of her effects totalled £13,658,000.<ref name=sale/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/5082134.stm|title=Royal auction raises over £13.5m|publisher=BBC|date=15 June 2006|access-date=2 June 2018|archive-date=18 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318022422/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/5082134.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>

===In popular culture===
Actresses who have portrayed Margaret include [[Lucy Cohu]] (''[[The Queen's Sister]]'', 2005), [[Katie McGrath]] (''[[The Queen (British TV serial)|The Queen]]'', 2009),<ref>{{cite news|title=Five actresses to play the Queen for C4|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jan/28/channel-4-queen-actresses|access-date=4 March 2009|date=27 January 2009|archive-date=25 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125024347/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jan/28/channel-4-queen-actresses|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ramona Marquez]] (''[[The King's Speech]]'', 2010), [[Bel Powley]] (''[[A Royal Night Out]]'', 2015), Olivia Benjamin (''[[Father Brown (2013 TV series)|Father Brown]]'', 2023), and [[Vanessa Kirby]], [[Helena Bonham Carter]], and [[Lesley Manville]], who all played different stages of Margaret's life during ''[[The Crown (TV series)|The Crown]]'', 2016–2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Crown: all you need to know about Netflix's £100 million series, from the 'shocking' first scene to Matt Smith's topless rowing |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/on-demand/2016/10/14/the-crown-all-you-need-to-know-about-netflixs-100-million-series/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/on-demand/2016/10/14/the-crown-all-you-need-to-know-about-netflixs-100-million-series/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=14 October 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Moore |first1=Matthew |title=The Crown sees Wikipedia surge on British history searches |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/tv-radio/article/the-crown-sees-surge-in-wikipedia-searches-on-british-history-jhg7tkl2g |access-date=16 December 2019 |work=[[The Times]] |date=14 December 2019 |archive-date=14 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214192943/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news/the-crown-sees-surge-in-wikipedia-searches-on-british-history-jhg7tkl2g |url-status=live }}</ref> The young Princess Margaret was played by [[Beau Gadsdon]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dominick |first=Nora |date=2023-12-18 |title="The Crown" Featured The Best Casting For A Young Claire Foy And Vanessa Kirby For The Final Season |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/noradominick/the-crown-final-season-young-elizabeth-margaret |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=BuzzFeed |language=en |archive-date=19 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219090953/https://www.buzzfeed.com/noradominick/the-crown-final-season-young-elizabeth-margaret |url-status=live }}</ref> The 2008 [[heist film]], ''[[The Bank Job]]'', revolves around alleged photos of Margaret.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Anger at royal slur in bank robbery film|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/feb/10/monarchy.filmnews|access-date=19 April 2021|work=The Guardian|first=Vanessa|last=Thorpe|date=9 February 2008|archive-date=23 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523011302/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/feb/10/monarchy.filmnews|url-status=live}}</ref> A character, "Pantomime Princess Margaret", made regular appearances in the BBC's 1970s comedy show ''[[Monty Python's Flying Circus]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cogan |first1=Brian |last2=Massey |first2=Jeff |title=Everything I Ever Needed to Know About _____* I Learned from Monty Python *History, Art, Poetry, Communism, Philosophy, the Media, Birth, Death, Religion, Literature, Latin, Transvestites, Botany, the French, Class Systems, Mythology, Fish Slapping, and Many More! |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kKUpAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22pantomime+princess+margaret%22&pg=PA102 |year=2014 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |isbn=978-1466842168 |page=102 |access-date=19 March 2023 |archive-date=23 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523011302/https://books.google.com/books?id=kKUpAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22pantomime+princess+margaret%22&pg=PA102#v=onepage&q=%22pantomime%20princess%20margaret%22&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Titles, styles, honours and arms==
[[File:Royal Monogram of Princess Margaret of Great Britain, Variant.svg|thumb|upright=.55|Royal monogram<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/dec/30/they-are-so-easy-to-please-letters-between-thatcher-and-princess-margaret-released|title='Your humble and devoted servant': letters between Thatcher and Princess Margaret released|work=The Guardian|first=Owen|last=Bowcott|date=30 December 2016|accessdate=9 February 2023|archive-date=9 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209214706/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/dec/30/they-are-so-easy-to-please-letters-between-thatcher-and-princess-margaret-released|url-status=live}}</ref>]]

===Titles and styles===

*21 August 1930 – 11 December 1936: ''Her Royal Highness'' Princess Margaret of York<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/404703/the-heart-of-the-empire-6th-may-1935-0|title=The Heart of The Empire, 6th May 1935|work=Royal Collection Trust|accessdate=24 August 2023|quote=King George V and Queen Mary stand before the altar rails of St Paul's Cathedral; members of the Royal Family, including the Duke and Duchess of York, later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, and the Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret of York are standing behind.|archive-date=24 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824163458/https://www.rct.uk/collection/404703/the-heart-of-the-empire-6th-may-1935-0|url-status=live}}</ref>
*11 December 1936 – 6 October 1961: ''Her Royal Highness'' The Princess Margaret<ref>Princess Margaret at no time assumed the title "Princess Margaret, Mrs Antony Armstrong-Jones" (see e.g. issues of the [[London Gazette]] 1 November 1960, 25 November 1960, 24 February 1961, 28 February 1961, 3 March 1961 and 24 March 1961).</ref>
*6 October 1961 – 9 February 2002: ''Her Royal Highness'' The Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon

===Honours===
{{see also|List of honours of the British royal family by country}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" |Country
! scope="col" |Date
! scope="col" |Appointment
! scope="col" |Ribbon
! scope="col" |Post-nominal
letters
!Other
|-
! rowspan="2" |{{Flagu|United Kingdom}}
|12 June 1947
|Companion of the [[Order of the Crown of India]]
|[[File:UK_Order_of_the_Crown_of_India_ribbon.svg|70x70px]]
|CI
|<ref>{{London Gazette
| issue = 37976
| date = 6 June 1947
| page = 2569
| supp = y
| nolink = yes
}}</ref>
|-
|23 June 1948
|Dame of Justice of the [[Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)|Order of St John of Jerusalem]]
|[[File:Order of St John (UK) ribbon.svg|70x70px]]
|DJStJ
|<ref>{{London Gazette
| issue = 38339
| date = 29 June 1948
| page = 3787
| nolink = y
}}</ref>
|-
!{{flagu|Netherlands}}
|1948
|Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Netherlands Lion]]
|[[File:Order_of_the_Netherlands_Lion_ribbon_-_Knight_Grand_Cross.svg|70x70px]]
|
|<ref name="official2">{{cite news |last1=Goodey |first1=Emma |date=21 December 2015 |title=Princess Margaret |url=https://www.royal.uk/princess-margaret |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507234912/https://www.royal.uk/princess-margaret |archive-date=7 May 2016 |access-date=16 December 2020 |newspaper=The Royal Family}}</ref>
|-
!{{Flagu|United Kingdom}}
|1 June 1953
|Dame Grand Cross of the [[Royal Victorian Order]]
|[[File:Royal_Victorian_Order_UK_ribbon.png|70x70px]]
|GCVO
|<ref>{{London Gazette
| issue = 39863
| date = 26 May 1953
| page = 2940
| supp = y
| nolink = yes
}}</ref>
|-
!{{flagu|Zanzibar}}
|1956
|[[Order of the Brilliant Star of Zanzibar]], First Class
|[[File:Order_of_the_Brilliant_Star_of_Zanzibar_-_ribbon_bar.gif|70x70px]]
|
|<ref name="official2" />
|-
!{{Flagu|United Kingdom}}
|20 June 1956
|Dame Grand Cross of the Order of St John of Jerusalem
|[[File:Order of St John (UK) ribbon.svg|70x70px]]
|GCStJ
|<ref>{{London Gazette
| issue = 40818
| date = 29 June 1956
| page = 3803
| nolink = yes
}}</ref>
|-
!{{flagu|Belgium}}
|1960
|Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Crown (Belgium)|Order of the Crown]]
|[[File:BEL Kroonorde Officier BAR.svg|70x70px]]
|
|<ref name="official2" />
|-
!{{flagu|Uganda}}
|1965
|Order of the Crown, Lion, and Spear of [[Toro Kingdom]]
|
|
|<ref name="official2" />
|-
!{{flagu|Japan}}
|5 October 1971
|[[Order of the Precious Crown]], First Class
|[[File:JPN_Hokan-sho_1Class_BAR.svg|70x70px]]
|
|<ref name="official2" />
|-
! rowspan="4" |{{Flagu|United Kingdom}}
|21 August 1990
|Recipient of the [[Royal Victorian Chain]]
|
|
|<ref>{{London Gazette
| issue = 52253
| date = 24 August 1990
| page = 13769
| nolink = yes
}}</ref>
|-
|
|Recipient of the [[Royal Family Order of George V]]
|[[File:Royal_Family_Order_of_King_George_V_ribbon_bar.svg|70x70px]]
|
|<ref name="hugo2">{{citation |last1=Vickers |first1=Hugo |title=Royal Orders |pages=147 |year=1994 |publisher=Boxtree |isbn=9781852835101}}</ref>
|-
|
|Recipient of the [[Royal Family Order of George VI]]
|[[File:UK_Royal_Family_Order_of_King_George_VI_ribbon.svg|70x70px]]
|
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Royal Family Orders |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/Honours/RoyalFamilyOrders.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307173343/https://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/Honours/RoyalFamilyOrders.aspx |archive-date=7 March 2013 |access-date=13 April 2016 |work=Official website of the British monarchy |publisher=Royal Household}}</ref>
|-
|
|Recipient of the [[Royal Family Order of Elizabeth II]]
|[[File:UK_Royal_Family_Order_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II_ribbon.svg|70x70px]]
|
|<ref name="hugo2" />
|}

====Honorary military appointments====
;{{flagicon|AUS}} Australia
*{{flagicon|AUS|army}} Colonel-in-Chief of the Women's Royal Australian Army Corps<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=39865 |date=26 May 1953 |page=2997 |supp=y |nolink=yes}}</ref>

;{{flagicon|BER}} Bermuda
*{{flagicon|BER|army}} Colonel-in-Chief of the [[Bermuda Regiment]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=49902 |date=19 October 1984 |page=14141 |nolink=yes}}</ref>

;{{flagicon|CAN}} Canada
*{{flagicon|CAN|army}} Colonel-in-Chief of the [[Royal Highland Fusiliers of Canada]]<ref name="bio">{{cite web|url=https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/princess-margaret|title=Princess Margaret|work=The Royal Family|access-date=17 November 2024}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|CAN|army}} Colonel-in-Chief of the [[Princess Louise Fusiliers]]<ref name="bio"/>
*{{flagicon|CAN|army}} Colonel-in-Chief of the [[Royal Newfoundland Regiment]]<ref name="bio"/>

;{{flagicon|NZL}} New Zealand
*{{flagicon|NZL|army}} Colonel-in-Chief of the [[Northland Regiment]]<ref>{{cite web|title=No. 15|work=[[New Zealand Gazette]]|date=3 March 1955|url=http://www.nzlii.org/nz/other/nz_gazette/1955/15.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.nzlii.org/nz/other/nz_gazette/1955/15.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live|page=332}}</ref>

;{{flagicon|UK}} United Kingdom
*{{flagicon|UK|army}} Colonel-in-Chief of the [[15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=41535 |date=28 October 1958 |page=6639 |supp=y |nolink=yes}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|UK|army}} Colonel-in-Chief of the [[Light Dragoons]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=54745 |date=21 April 1997 |page=4766 |supp=y |nolink=yes}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|UK|army}} Colonel-in-Chief of the [[Royal Highland Fusiliers]] (Princess Margaret's Own Glasgow and Ayrshire Regiment)
*{{flagicon|UK|army}} Colonel-in-Chief of the [[Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=40286 |date=24 September 1954 |page=5499 |supp=y |nolink=yes}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|UK|army}} Colonel-in-Chief of the [[1st East Anglian Regiment (Royal Norfolk and Suffolk)]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=41801 |date=25 August 1959 |page=5421 |supp=y |nolink=yes}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|UK|army}} Deputy Colonel-in-Chief of the [[Royal Anglian Regiment]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=43422 |date=28 August 1964 |page=7419 |supp=y |nolink=yes}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|UK|air force}} [[Honorary Air Commodore]], [[Royal Air Force Coningsby]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=47234 |date=10 June 1977 |page=7079 |supp=y |nolink=yes}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|UK|naval}} Lady Sponsor of [[HMS Illustrious (R06)|HMS ''Illustrious'']]<ref name="bio"/>
*{{flagicon|UK|naval}} Lady Sponsor of [[HMS Norfolk (F230)|HMS ''Norfolk'']]<ref name="bio"/>

====Non-national titles and honours====
=====Scholastic=====
* 1962–1986: [[Chancellor of Keele University]]<ref name="memorial">{{cite web| url = http://www.keele.ac.uk/news/week/archive/2002/0419/0419-01.htm| title = Keele Represented At Memorial Service For HRH The Princess Margaret| accessdate = 2007-09-05| date = 2002-04-19| publisher = [[Keele University]]| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070929122401/http://www.keele.ac.uk/news/week/archive/2002/0419/0419-01.htm| archive-date = 2007-09-29| url-status = dead}}</ref>
** 1956–1962: President of the University College of North Staffordshire (College became Keele University)<ref name="memorial"/>

======Honorary academic degrees======
* 1957: [[University of London]], Doctor of Music<ref name="bio"/>
* 1958: [[University of Cambridge]], Doctor of Law<ref name="bio"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://historicimages.com/products/ksc29351|title=Princess Margaret & Lord Adrian, at the Cambridge University|work=Historic Images|access-date=17 November 2024}}</ref>
* 1962: [[Keele University]], Doctor of Letters<ref name="bio"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.keele.ac.uk/graduation/honorarydegrees/|title=Honorary degrees|work=Keele University|date=25 July 2024 |access-date=17 November 2024}}</ref>

=====Memberships and fellowships=====
* [[Royal Society of Medicine]], Honorary Fellow<ref>{{cite journal |author= |date=7 December 1957 |title=Medical News |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25384783 |journal=The British Medical Journal |volume=2 |number=5057 |pages=1378–1380 |doi= 10.1136/bmj.2.5057.1378|jstor=25384783 |access-date=17 November 2024|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

=====Civic=====
* Master of the Bench of [[Lincoln's Inn]]<ref name="bio"/>

===Awards===
*2003: [[Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Award]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rad.org.uk/documents/about-docs/QEIIAwardrecipientsupdatedAug2016.pdf|title=QEII Award recipients – updated Aug 2016|publisher=Royal Academy of Dance|access-date=8 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808033709/https://www.rad.org.uk/documents/about-docs/QEIIAwardrecipientsupdatedAug2016.pdf|archive-date=8 August 2017}}</ref>

===Arms===
{{Infobox COA wide
|image = Coat of Arms of Margaret, Countess of Snowdon.svg
|bannerimage = Royal Standard of Princess Margaret (1948–2002).svg
|badgeimage =
|notes = The Princess's personalized coat of arms were those of the [[Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom]] with a label for difference.
|adopted = 1944
|crest =
|torse =
|helm =
|escutcheon = Quarterly 1st and 4th gules three lions passant guardant or 2nd or a lion rampant gules within a double tressure flory counterflory gules 3rd azure a harp or stringed argent
|supporters =
|compartment =
|motto =
|orders = The [[Royal Victorian Order]] ribbon.<br />'''VICTORIA'''
|other_elements = The whole differenced by a label of three points Argent, first and third charged with a Tudor rose the second with a thistle proper<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.heraldica.org/topics/britain/cadency.htm |title=Marks of cadency in the British royal family |publisher=Heraldica.org |access-date=17 October 2008 |archive-date=17 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317070105/http://www.heraldica.org/topics/britain/cadency.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|banner = The princess's personal standard was that of [[Royal Standard of the United Kingdom]], labelled for difference as in her arms.<br />[[File:Royal Standard of Princess Margaret in Scotland (1948–2002).svg|50px]] (in Scotland)
|badge =
|symbolism = As with the Royal Arms of the United Kingdom. The first and fourth quarters are the arms of [[Coat of arms of England|England]], the second of [[Coat of arms of Scotland|Scotland]], the third of [[Coat of arms of Ireland|Ireland]].
|previous_versions =
}}

==Issue==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Birth !!colspan="2" | Marriage !! Issue
|-
| [[David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon]] || 3 November 1961 || 8 October 1993<br /><small>Separated 2020</small> || [[Serena Stanhope]] || Charles Armstrong-Jones, Viscount Linley<br />[[Lady Margarita Armstrong-Jones]]
|-
| [[Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones]] || 1 May 1964 || 14 July 1994 || [[Daniel Chatto]] || [[Samuel Chatto]]<br />Arthur Chatto
|}

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center|ref=<ref>{{cite book |last1=Louda |first1=Jiří |last2=Maclagan |first2=Michael |author-link2=Michael Maclagan |year=1999 |orig-year=1981 |title=Lines of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe |edition=2nd |location=London |publisher=Little, Brown |isbn=978-0-316-84820-6 |page=34}}</ref>
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon'''
|2= 2. [[George VI of the United Kingdom]]
|3= 3. [[Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon]]
|4= 4. [[George V of the United Kingdom]]
|5= 5. [[Princess Victoria Mary of Teck]]
|6= 6. [[Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]]
|7= 7. [[Cecilia Nina Cavendish-Bentinck]]
|8= 8. [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom]]
|9= 9. [[Princess Alexandra of Denmark]]
|10= 10. [[Francis, Duke of Teck]]
|11= 11. [[Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge]]
|12= 12. [[Claude Bowes-Lyon, 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]]
|13= 13. [[Frances Dora Smith]]
|14= 14. [[Charles Cavendish-Bentinck (priest)|Charles Cavendish-Bentinck]]
|15= 15. [[Caroline Louisa Burnaby]]
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
*{{Citation|title=Princess Margaret: A Biography |last=Aronson |first=Theo |author-link=Theo Aronson| year=2001|publisher=Michael O'Mara Books Limited |location=London |isbn=1-85479-682-8}}
*{{Citation|title=Margaret: The Last Real Princess |last=Botham |first=Noel |year=2002 |publisher=Blake Publishing Ltd |location=London |isbn=1-903402-64-6}}
*{{Cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/76713|title=Margaret Rose, Princess, countess of Snowdon (1930–2002)|access-date=7 December 2008|last=Bradford|first=Sarah|author-link=Sarah Bradford|date=January 2006|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/76713|last2=Harrison|first2=B.|last3=Goldman|first3=L.|edition=revised October 2008}}
*{{Citation|last=Crawford|first=Marion|author-link=Marion Crawford|year=1950|title=The Little Princesses|location=London|publisher=Cassell and Co}}
*{{Citation|title=Princess Margaret: A Life Unravelled|last=Heald|first=Tim|author-link=Tim Heald|year=2007|publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson|location=London|isbn=978-0-297-84820-2}}
*{{Citation|title=Princess Margaret: A Life of Contrasts|last=Warwick |first=Christopher|year=2002|publisher=Carlton Publishing Group |location=London |isbn=0-233-05106-6}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
{{Commons category|Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon}}
* [https://www.royal.uk/princess-margaret Profile on the official site of the British Monarchy]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/uk/2002/princess_margaret/default.stm HRH Princess Margaret 1930–2002] at BBC News
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110615224238/http://www.bcarchives.gov.bc.ca/exhibits/jubilee/mpegs/medium/aaaa4046.mpg British Columbia Archives: video of Princess Margaret at a reception, HMS Hood ''Discovery'', 1958]<sup>[http://search-bcarchives.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/princess-margaret-at-reception]</sup>
* {{PM20|FID=pe/011930}}
* {{NPG name}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Windsor]]|21 August|1930|9 February|2002}}
{{s-aca}}
{{s-bef|before = [[John Ryder, 5th Earl of Harrowby|The Earl of Harrowby]]}} 
{{s-ttl|title = [[Chancellor of Keele University|President of the University College of North Staffordshire]]|years = 1956–1962}} 
{{s-non|reason = College becomes Keele University}}
{{s-new}} 
{{s-ttl|title = [[Chancellor of Keele University]]|years = 1962–1986}} 
{{s-aft|after = [[Claus Moser, Baron Moser|The Lord Moser]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon}}
{{British princesses}}
{{Windsor family}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Margaret, Princess}}
[[Category:Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon| ]]
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century British people]]
[[Category:20th-century British women]]
[[Category:21st-century British people]]
[[Category:21st-century British women]]
[[Category:Anglo-Scots]]
[[Category:Armstrong-Jones family]]
[[Category:British Anglicans]]
[[Category:British countesses by marriage|Snowdon]]
[[Category:British princesses]]
[[Category:British wheelchair users]]
[[Category:Burials at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle]]
[[Category:Chancellors of Keele University]]
[[Category:Children of British monarchs]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Crown of India]]
[[Category:Daughters of kings]]
[[Category:Daughters of emperors]]
[[Category:Dames Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Dames Grand Cross of the Order of St John]]
[[Category:Girlguiding officials]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)]]
[[Category:Grand Cordons of the Order of the Precious Crown]]
[[Category:Honorary air commodores]]
[[Category:House of Windsor|Margaret]]
[[Category:Jewellery collectors]]
[[Category:Nobility from Angus, Scotland|Snowdon]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Silver Fish Award]]
[[Category:Spouses of life peers]]