View source for Princess Hilda of Nassau

{{Short description|Grand Duchess of Baden from 1907 to 1918}}
{{Redirect|Hilda of Nassau|the Princess of Schwarzenberg with the same birth name|Princess Hilda of Luxembourg (1897–1979)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox royalty
| consort      = yes
| name         = Hilda of Nassau
| image        = Hilda von Nassau in Königstein.JPG
| caption      = Grand Duchess Hilda {{c.}} 1910
| alt          = A photograph of Hilda aged 51
| succession   = [[Grand Duchess consort of Baden]]
| reign        = 28 September 1907 – 22 November 1918
| house        = [[House of Nassau-Weilburg|Nassau-Weilburg]]
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1864|11|5|df=y}}
| birth_place  = [[Biebrich Palace|Biebrich]]
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1952|2|8|1864|11|5|df=y}}
| death_place  = [[Badenweiler]]
| burial_place = [[Karlsruhe]]
| father       = [[Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg]]
| mother       = [[Princess Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau]]
| spouse       = {{marriage|[[Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden]]|1885|1928|end=d.}}
}}

'''Princess Hilda Charlotte Wilhelmine of Nassau''' (5 November 1864 – 8 February 1952) was [[Grand Duchess of Baden]] from 28 September 1907 to 22 November 1918 as the consort of [[Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden|Grand Duke Frederick II]]. Hilda and Frederick were the last grand ducal couple of Baden before the [[German Revolution of 1918]].

== Early life ==
She was the daughter of [[Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], who was [[Duke of Nassau]] until he was deposed in 1866 and his second wife [[Princess Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau]].

== Biography ==
Hilda married [[Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden]] on 20 September 1885 at [[Schloss Hohenburg]]. The marriage did not produce surviving children. The couple became Grand Duke and Grand Duchess in 1907. Hilda was described as intelligent and interested in art, and was often present at art-exhibitions and museums. Several schools and streets, such as the schools Hilda-Gymnasium in Pforzheim, Hilda-Gymnasium in Koblenz, and the streets north- and south Hilda Promenade in Karlsruhe are named after her.

Frederick and Hilda were deposed as Grand Duke and Grand Duchess of Baden, in 1918 when all German monarchies were overthrown. At the time of the revolution, her sister-in-law, [[Victoria of Baden|Queen Victoria of Sweden]], was visiting the family. After the abdication of the German emperor, riots spread in Karlsruhe on 11 November. The son of a courtier led a group of soldiers up to the front of the palace, followed by a great crowd of people, where a few shots were fired.<ref name="Heribert Jansson 1963">Heribert Jansson (in Swedish). Drottning Victoria (Queen Victoria). Hökerbergs Bokförlag. (1963) ISBN.</ref> Hilda, as well as the rest of the family, left the palace the back way and left for the Zwingenberg palace in the Neckar valley. By permission of the new government, they were allowed to stay at the Langenstein Palace, which belonged to a Swedish count, Douglas.<ref name="Heribert Jansson 1963"/>  The government gave the order that the former grand ducal family was to be protected, and that Langenstein be excepted from housing the returning soldiers, because the Queen of Sweden was in their company, and Baden should not do anything to offend Sweden.<ref name="Heribert Jansson 1963"/> In 1919, the family requested permission from the government to reside in Mainau, and was told that they were now private citizens and could do as they wished.<ref name="Heribert Jansson 1963"/>
Hilda is described as a jolly and cheerful character with the ability to ease things up with her good sense of humor, an ability she used during the revolution and the years after, taking care of her husband whose health was weak.<ref name="Heribert Jansson 1963"/>

As Frederick and Hilda were without own direct heirs, they bequeathed their [[castle of Mainau]] to a grandson of Frederick's sister, [[Count Lennart Bernadotte]], who was also a great-grandson of Hilda's [[Sophia of Nassau|aunt]].

==Honours==
* {{flag|Kingdom of Prussia}}:<ref name = "HofUndStaat">''[http://genwiki.de/w/index.php?title=Datei:Baden_Hofhandbuch.djvu&page=23&page=23 Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden]'' (1910), "Großherzogliches Haus", p. 3</ref>
** [[Order of Louise|Dame of the Order of Louise]], 1st Division
** [[Red Cross Medal (Prussia)|Red Cross Medal]], 1st Class
* {{flag|Kingdom of Bavaria}}: [[Order of Theresa|Dame of Honour of the Order of Theresa]]<ref name = "HofUndStaat"/>
* {{flag|Baden}}:<ref name = "HofUndStaat"/>
** Friedrich-Luise Medal
** Jubilee Medal for 1902
** Commemorative Medal for the Golden Jubilee of Grand Duke Friedrich I and Grand Duchess Luise

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Princess Hilda of Nassau'''
|2= 2. [[Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg]]
|3= 3. [[Princess Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau]]
|4= 4. [[William, Duke of Nassau]]
|5= 5. [[Princess Louise of Saxe-Hildburghausen]]
|6= 6. [[Prince Frederick Augustus of Anhalt-Dessau]]
|7= 7. [[Princess Marie Luise Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel]]
|8= 8. [[Frederick William, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg]]
|9= 9. [[Burgravine Louise Isabelle of Kirchberg]]
|10= 10. [[Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg]]
|11= 11. [[Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]
|12= 12. [[Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Anhalt-Dessau]]
|13= 13. [[Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Homburg]]
|14= 14. [[Prince William of Hesse-Kassel]]
|15= 15. [[Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark]]
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Nassau-Weilburg]]|5 November|1864|8 February|1952}}
{{s-roy|de}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Princess Louise of Prussia|Louise of Prussia]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of consorts of Baden|Grand Duchess consort of Baden]]|years=28 September 1907 – 22 November 1918}}
{{s-non|reason=Monarchy abolished|reason2=[[German Revolution]]}}
{{s-pre}}
{{s-new|loss|reason=Republic declared}}
{{s-tul|title=[[List of consorts of Baden|Grand Duchess consort of Baden]]|years=22 November 1918 – 8 August 1928|reason=}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Princess Marie Louise of Hanover|Marie Louise of Hanover]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Princesses of Nassau by birth}}
{{Princesses of Luxembourg by birth}}
{{Princesses of Baden by marriage}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hilda Of Nassau, Princess}}
[[Category:House of Nassau-Weilburg]]
[[Category:1864 births]]
[[Category:1952 deaths]]
[[Category:Princesses of Nassau-Weilburg]]
[[Category:House of Zähringen]]
[[Category:People from Wiesbaden]]
[[Category:Grand duchesses of Baden]]
[[Category:Hereditary princesses of Baden]]
[[Category:Daughters of dukes]]