View source for Prince Guo

{{Short description|Qing dynasty princely peerage}}
{{Infobox Chinese|title=Prince Guo of the First Rank|t=和碩果親王|s=和硕果亲王|p=héshuò guǒ qīnwáng|w=ho-shuo kuo ch'in-wang}}
[[File:Prince Guogong.jpg|Prince Guogong|thumb|center|150px]]
'''Prince Guo of the First Rank''' ([[Manchu language|Manchu]]: {{ManchuSibeUnicode|ᡩᠣᡵᠣᠨ<br>ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠯᡳ<br>ᠴᡳᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ}}; ''hošoi kengse cin wang''), or simply '''Prince Guo''', was the title of a [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty|princely peerage]] used in China during the [[Manchu people|Manchu]]-led [[Qing dynasty]] (1644–1912). As the Prince Guo peerage was not awarded [[House of Aisin-Gioro#Iron-cap princes and their descendants|"iron-cap" status]], this meant that each successive bearer of the title would normally start off with a title downgraded by one rank ''vis-à-vis'' that held by his predecessor. However, the title would generally not be downgraded to any lower than a [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|''feng'en fuguo gong'']] except under special circumstances.

The first bearer of the title was [[Yunli]] (1697–1738), the 17th son of the [[Kangxi Emperor]]. In 1723, he was awarded the status of a [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|''junwang'' (prince of the second rank)]] by his fourth brother, the [[Yongzheng Emperor]], who succeeded their father. Yunli was known as "Prince Guo of the Second Rank". In 1728, he was promoted to a [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|''qinwang'' (prince of the first rank)]], hence he was known as "Prince Guo of the First Rank". The title was passed down over eight generations and was held by ten persons.

==Members of the Prince Guo peerage==
[[File:Yinli.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Yunli]] (1697–1738), the first Prince Guo]]
{{Tree list}}
* '''[[Yunli]]''' ('''1st'''), the [[Kangxi Emperor]]'s 17th son, was a [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|second-rank prince]] from 1723 to 1728, promoted to [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|''qinwang'']] in 1728, posthumously honoured as '''Prince Guo Yi of the First Rank''' (果毅親王)
**{{Tree list/final branch}}Adoptive son: '''[[Hongyan (prince)|Hongyan]]''' (弘曕; 1733–1765; '''2nd'''), the [[Yongzheng Emperor]]'s sixth son, adopted as Yunli's son & heir, initially a [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|first-rank prince]] from 1738 to 1763, demoted to a [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|''beile'']] in 1763 but promoted to a [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|second-rank prince]] in 1765, posthumously honoured as '''Prince Guo Gong of the Second Rank''' (果恭郡王)
***1st son: '''Yongtu''' (永瑹; 1752–1789; '''3rd'''), held a [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|second-rank prince]] title from 1765 to 1789, posthumously honoured as '''Prince Guo Jian of the Second Rank''' (果簡郡王)
****{{Tree list/final branch}}1st son: '''Miancong''' (綿從; 1772–1791; '''4th'''), Yongtu's eldest son, held the status of a [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|''beile'']] from 1790 to 1791
***{{Tree list/final branch}}2nd son: Yongcan (永璨; 1753–1810), held the title of a [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|first class defender general]] from 1775 to 1800
****1st son: '''Mianlü''' (綿律; 1774–1832; '''5th'''), Yongcan's eldest son and Yongtu's adoptive son, held a [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|''beile'']] title from 1791 to 1806, stripped of his title in 1806
*****1st son: '''Yixiang''' (奕湘; 1796–1881; '''7th'''), Mianlü's eldest son and Miancong's adoptive son, held the title of a [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|grace defender duke]] from 1833 to 1872, awarded [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|''beizi'']] status but not a ''beizi'' title in 1872, posthumously honoured as '''Grace Defender Duke Keshen''' ('''奉恩鎮國恪慎公''')
******1st son: Zaikun (載坤; 1834–1890), held the title of a [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|bulwark general]] from 1857 to 1876, his title stripped in 1876
*******{{Tree list/final branch}}Puzhen (溥鉁; 1885–1920)
********{{Tree list/final branch}}1st son: '''Yuting''' (毓鋌; b. 1919; '''10th'''), Puzhen's eldest son and Puyan's adoptive son, held the title of a [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|grace bulwark duke]] from 1918 to 1945
******{{Tree list/final branch}}3rd son: '''Zaizhuo''' (載卓; 1849–1907; '''8th'''), held the title of a [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|grace bulwark duke]] from 1881 to 1907
*******{{Tree list/final branch}}1st son: '''Puyan''' (溥閻; 1884–1918; '''9th'''), Zaizhuo's eldest son, held the title of a [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|grace bulwark duke]] from 1907 to 1918
****{{Tree list/final branch}}3rd son: '''Miantong''' (綿㣚; 1783–1833; '''6th'''), held a [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|''beizi'']] title from 1806 to 1833
*****{{Tree list/final branch}}Yiwen (奕雯), Miantong's eldest son, held the title of a [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|second class defender general]] from 1833 to 1862
******{{Tree list/final branch}}1st son: Zaipin (載品), held the title of a [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|third class defender general]] from 1862 to 1904
*******{{Tree list/final branch}}1st son: Putang (溥棠), held the title of a [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty#Male members|''supporter general'']] from 1905 to 1945
{{tree list/end}}

==Family tree==
'''Legend:'''
*{{Color sample|border=Orange|white; border-width:3px}} - Title bearers
*{{Color sample|border=yellow|white; border-width:3px}} - Emperors
{{Tree chart/start|align=center}}
{{Tree chart|border=o|:|ado|ado=adoption}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | Kangxi |Kangxi=[[Kangxi Emperor]]| boxstyle_ Kangxi=border-width:2px; border-color:yellow}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | |)|-|-|-|.| }}
{{tree chart|border=1| | | | |s1| |s2|s1=<small>4</small>| boxstyle_s1=border-width:0px|s2=<small>17</small>| boxstyle_s2=border-width:0px}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | Yongzheng | |Yunli |Yongzheng=[[Yongzheng Emperor]]|Yunli='''[[Yunli]]''' <sup>1</sup> 允禮<br>[[File:Yinli.jpg|85px]]<br>1697 - 1738<br>{{small|Prince Guoyi 果毅親王<br>1728 – 1738}}
| boxstyle_ Yongzheng=border-width:2px; border-color:yellow| boxstyle_Yunli=border-width:2px; border-color:orange
}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | |!|F|~|~|J}}
{{tree chart|border=1| | | | |s1|s1=<small>6</small>| boxstyle_s1=border-width:0px}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | Hongyan |Hongyan='''[[Hongyan (prince)|Hongyan]]''' <sup>2</sup> 弘曕<br>[[File:Yinli3.jpg|85px]]<br>1733 - 1765<br>{{small|Prince Guogong (of the Second Rank)<br>果恭郡王<br>1765}}
| boxstyle_ Hongyan=border-width:2px; border-color:orange
}}
{{Tree chart | |,|-|-|-|(}}
{{tree chart|border=1|s1| | |!|s1=<small>1</small>| boxstyle_s1=border-width:0px}}
{{Tree chart | Yongtu | | Yongcan |Yongtu='''Yongtu''' <sup>3</sup> 永瑹<br>1752 - 1789<br>{{small|Prince Guojian (of the Second Rank)<br>果簡郡王<br>1765 – 1789}}|Yongcan=Yongcan 永璨<br>1753 – 1810<br>{{small|First Class Defender General<br>一等鎮國將軍<br>1775 – 1800}}
| boxstyle_ Yongtu=border-width:2px; border-color:orange
}}
{{Tree chart | |!|L|~|7|)|-|-|-|.| }}
{{tree chart|border=1|s1| |s2| |s3|s1=<small>1</small>| boxstyle_s1=border-width:0px|s2=<small>1</small>| boxstyle_s2=border-width:0px|s3=<small>3</small>| boxstyle_s3=border-width:0px}}
{{Tree chart | Miancong | | Mianlü | | Miantong |Miancong='''Miancong''' <sup>4</sup> 綿從<br>1772 – 1791<br>{{small|''Beile'' 貝勒<br>1790 – 1791}}|Mianlü='''Mianlü''' <sup>5</sup> 綿律<br>1774 – 1832<br>{{small|''Beile'' 貝勒<br>1791 – 1806<br>(title stripped)}}|Miantong='''Miantong''' <sup>6</sup> 綿㣚<br>1783 – 1833<br>{{small|''Beizi'' 貝子<br>1806 – 1833}}
| boxstyle_ Miancong=border-width:2px; border-color:orange| boxstyle_ Mianlü=border-width:2px; border-color:orange| boxstyle_ Miantong=border-width:2px; border-color:orange
}}
{{Tree chart | |L|~|~|7|!| | | |!}}
{{tree chart|border=1| | | | |s1| |s2|s1=<small>1</small>| boxstyle_s1=border-width:0px|s2=<small>1</small>| boxstyle_s2=border-width:0px}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | Yixiang | |YW|Yixiang='''Yixiang''' <sup>7</sup> 奕湘<br>1796 – 1881<br>{{small|Grace Defender Duke Keshen acting Beizi<br>奉恩鎮國恪慎公 衔 貝子<br>1872 – 1881}}|YW=Yiwen 奕雯<br>{{small|Second Class Defender General<br>二等鎮國將軍<br>1833 - 1862}}
| boxstyle_ Yixiang=border-width:2px; border-color:orange
}}
{{Tree chart | |,|-|-|-|(| | | |!}}
{{tree chart|border=1|s2| |s1| |s3|s1=<small>3</small>| boxstyle_s1=border-width:0px|s2=<small>1</small>| boxstyle_s2=border-width:0px|s3=<small>1</small>| boxstyle_s3=border-width:0px}}
{{Tree chart | Zaikun | |Zaizhuo | |ZP|Zaikun=Zaikun<br>載坤<br>1834 – 1890<br>{{small|Bulwark General 輔國將軍<br>1857 – 1876<br>(title stripped)}}|Zaizhuo='''Zaizhuo''' <sup>8</sup> 載卓<br>1849 – 1907<br>{{small|Grace Bulwark Duke 奉恩輔國公<br>(1881–1907)}}|ZP=Zaipin 載品<br>{{small|Third Class Defender General<br>三等鎮國將軍<br>1862 - 1904}}
| boxstyle_Zaizhuo=border-width:2px; border-color:orange
}}
{{Tree chart | |!| | | |!| | | |!}}
{{tree chart|border=1| |!| | |s1| |s2|s1=<small>1</small>| boxstyle_s1=border-width:0px|s2=<small>1</small>| boxstyle_s2=border-width:0px}}
{{Tree chart | Puzhen | | Puyan | |Putang|Puzhen=Puzhen 溥鉁<br>1885 – 1920|Puyan='''Puyan''' <sup>9</sup> 溥閻<br>1884 – 1918<br>{{small|Grace Bulwark Duke 奉恩輔國公<br>1907 – 1918}}|Putang=Putang 溥棠<br>{{small|Supporter General 奉國將軍<br>1905 - 1945}}
| boxstyle_ Puyan=border-width:2px; border-color:orange
}}
{{Tree chart | |!|F|~|~|J}}
{{tree chart|border=1|s1|s1=<small>1</small>| boxstyle_s1=border-width:0px}}
{{Tree chart | Yuting |Yuting='''Yuting''' <sup>10</sup> 毓鋌<br>b. 1919<br>{{small|Grace Bulwark Duke 奉恩輔國公<br>1919 – 1945}}
| boxstyle_ Yuting=border-width:2px; border-color:orange}}
{{Tree chart/end}}

==See also==
* [[Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty]]

==References==
* {{cite book|last=Zhao|first=Erxun|author-link=Zhao Erxun|title=[[Draft History of Qing]] (Qing Shi Gao)|year=1928|location=China|volume=220}}

{{Qing dynasty qinwangs}}
{{Qing dynasty junwangs}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guo, Prince}}
[[Category:Qing dynasty princely peerages]]
[[Category:Peerages of the Plain Red Banner]]