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{{Short description|Japanese prince and field marshal (1858–1923)}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox Officeholder
|honorific_prefix= [[His Imperial Highness]]
|name        = Fushimi Sadanaru
|native_name = {{No bold|伏見宮 貞愛親王}}
|native_name_lang = ja
|birth_date=June 9, 1858
|death_date= {{Death date and age|1923|02|04|1858|06|09}}
|birth_place=[[Kyoto]], [[Japan]]
|death_place=Takagami, [[Kaijō District, Chiba|Kaijō]],(Now [[Chōshi]]) [[Chiba Prefecture|Chiba]], [[Empire of Japan|Japan]]
|image=Fushimi Sadanaru, c. 1910-15 (cropped).jpg
|caption= Prince Fushimi Sadanaru, {{circa}} 1910–5
|nickname=
|office      = 4th [[Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan|Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal]]
|monarch     = [[Emperor Taishō|Taishō]]
|term_start  = December 21, 1912
|term_end    = January 13, 1915
|predecessor = [[Katsura Tarō]]
|successor   = [[Ōyama Iwao]]
|allegiance=[[Empire of Japan]]
|branch=[[File:War flag of the Imperial Japanese Army.svg|22x20px|border]] [[Imperial Japanese Army]]
|serviceyears=1875-1923
|rank=Field Marshal (''[[Gensui (Imperial Japanese Army)|Gensui]]'') [[File:元帥徽章.svg|25px]]
|commands=IJA 4th Division, IJA 1st Division, IJA 10th Division
|unit=
|battles=[[First Sino-Japanese War]]<br />[[Russo-Japanese War]]
|awards= Supreme [[Order of the Chrysanthemum]]<br /> [[Order of the Golden Kite]] (2nd Class)
|family=
}}
{{Infobox royalty
|title= Prince Fushimi
|succession=[[Fushimi-no-miya|Prince Fushimi]]
|reign=1862-1864
|predecessor=[[Prince Fushimi Sadanori]]
|successor=[[Prince Fushimi Kuniie]]
|reign1=1872-1923
|predecessor1=[[Prince Fushimi Kuniie]]
|successor1=[[Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu]]
|father=[[Prince Fushimi Kuniie]]<br>[[Emperor Kōmei]] (adoptive father)
|spouse=Princess Arisugawa Toshiko
}}

{{nihongo|'''Sadanaru, Prince Fushimi'''|伏見宮貞愛親王|Fushimi-no-miya Sadanaru-Shinnō|extra= June 9, 1858 – February 4, 1923}} was the 22nd head of the [[Fushimi-no-miya]] [[shinnōke]] (branch of the [[Imperial Household of Japan|Imperial Family]]).<ref>Takenobu, Yoshitaro. (1906). {{Google books|arFPAAAAMAAJ|''The Japan Year Book,'' p. 23.|page=23}}</ref> He was a [[Field Marshal (Japan)|field marshal]] in the [[Imperial Japanese Army]].

== Early life ==
Prince Sadanaru was born in [[Kyoto]] as the fourteenth son of [[Prince Fushimi Kuniie]] (1802–1875) and the second son of Princess Takatsukasa Hiroko; he was thus the half brother of [[Prince Yamashina Akira]], [[Prince Kuni Asahiko]], [[Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa]], and [[Prince Kan'in Kotohito]]. He succeeded his father as the head of the [[Fushimi-no-miya]] family in 1875.

== Marriage and family ==
In 1872, Prince Fushimi Sadanaru married '''Princess Arisugawa Toshiko''' (1858–1927), the daughter of [[Prince Arisugawa Takahito]], with whom he had two sons (Kunika and Akinori). Two concubines bore Prince Hiroyasu and Princess Sachiko respectively.
# {{nihongo|[[Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu]]|博恭王|Hiroyasu-ō|extra= October 16, 1875 – August 16, 1946}}.
# {{nihongo|Prince Fushimi Kunika|邦芳王|Kunika-ō|extra=1880-1933}}. Had "incurable diseases and died unmarried and without issue.
# {{nihongo|Prince Fushimi Akinori|昭徳王|Akinori-ō|extra=1881-1883}}
# {{nihongo|Princess Fushimi Sachiko|禎子女王|Sachiko Joō|extra= 1885-1966}}; married Count Toyokage Yamauchi.

Prince Kunika would become the legitimate heir to his father, but, due to his illness, Fushimi-no-miya was eventually succeeded by his elder half-brother, Prince Hiroyasu.

== Career ==
[[File:Prince Fushimi, Gravenhurst, June 13, 1907 (HS85-10-18485).jpg|thumb|left|Prince Fushimi visiting Canada, 1907.]]
A career army officer, Prince Sadanaru entered the military academy in 1873 and fought as a lieutenant in the [[Satsuma Rebellion]]. Promoted to captain in 1878, he studied [[military tactics]] at the [[École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr]] in [[France]] and later in [[Germany]] in the 1870s. Upon his return to Japan, he was promoted to major in 1881 and advocated the establishment of a Japanese version of an army [[General Staff]] based on the [[Prussia]]n model. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1884, colonel in 1887 and to [[major general]] in 1889. He was awarded the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum in 1886.

Major General Prince Fushimi Sadanaru served as a field commander in the [[First Sino-Japanese War]] (1894–1895), commanding the [[IJA 4th Division]], and landing with his forces in the [[Liaodong Peninsula]], [[China]] in 1894. He subsequently participated in the 1895 [[Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895)|Japanese invasion of Taiwan]].

He represented [[Emperor Meiji]] at the [[coronation]] of [[Tsar]] [[Nicholas II of Russia]] on May 26, 1896. In 1898, he was promoted to [[lieutenant general]] and assigned command of the [[Himeji, Hyogo|Himeji]]-based [[IJA 10th Division]]. In 1901, he became commander of the [[IJA 1st Division]].

In 1904, with the start of the [[Russo-Japanese War]] he again landed with his forces in the Liaodong Peninsula. In June, he was promoted to full [[general]], and recalled to Japan to serve on the [[Supreme War Council (Japan)|Supreme War Council]], before being sent by Emperor Meiji on a diplomatic mission to the [[United States]]. After the conclusion of the [[Treaty of Portsmouth]], he was sent to England again on a mission of thanks from the Japanese government for British advice and assistance during the war. During this mission, he also stopped in [[Honolulu]] for a visit with the Japanese community there. In 1909, he was again sent on a diplomatic mission, this time to China. Prince Fushimi also represented Japan at the [[state funeral]] of Great Britain's King [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|Edward VII]] May 20, 1910. He met with the new [[George V of the United Kingdom|King George V]] at [[Buckingham Palace]].

Prince Fushimi was a close advisor to then-[[Crown Prince]] Yoshihito (later [[Emperor Taishō]]). After the death of Emperor Meiji in 1912, he served as [[Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan]] from 1912 to 1915, thus becoming the only imperial prince to have served in that office.

He was promoted to the largely ceremonial rank of [[Field Marshal (Japan)|field marshal]] in 1915, and awarded the Grand Collar of the Supreme [[Order of the Chrysanthemum]] in 1916.

==Death==
The Prince died of [[influenza]] on February 5, 1923, at his vacation home in [[Cape Inubō]] and was accorded a [[state funeral]]. Dowager Princess Fushimi Toshiko died on January 3, 1930. He was succeeded by his son, [[Admiral of the Fleet (Japan)|Fleet Admiral]] [[Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu]].

== Honors ==
His Japanese decorations include the Collar and Grand Cordon of the Supreme [[Order of the Chrysanthemum]], Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Rising Sun]] [[Order of the Paulownia Flowers|with Paulownia Flowers]], Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Sacred Treasure]], [[Order of the Golden Kite]] (2nd Class). In addition, other honors and decorations included:<ref>{{cite book|author=刑部芳則|title=明治時代の勲章外交儀礼|url=http://meijiseitoku.org/pdf/f54-5.pdf|year=2017|publisher=明治聖徳記念学会紀要|language=ja|pages=158–159}}</ref>
* {{flag|Kingdom of Hawaii}}: Grand Cross of the [[Royal Order of Kamehameha I|Order of Kamehameha I]], ''27 April 1883''
* {{flag|German Empire}}: [[Order of the Red Eagle|Grand Cross of the Red Eagle]], ''18 September 1886''
* {{flag|Kingdom of Italy}}:
** [[Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus|Grand Cross of Saints Maurice and Lazarus]], ''18 September 1886''
** [[Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation|Knight of the Annunciation]], ''3 May 1910''
* {{flag|Austria-Hungary}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order of Leopold (Austria)|Imperial Order of Leopold]], ''18 September 1886''
* {{flagicon|Sweden|1844}} {{flagicon|Norway|1844}} [[Sweden-Norway]]: [[Order of St. Olav|Grand Cross of St. Olav]], ''1 July 1886''<ref>{{citation|title=Norges Statskalender|year=1890|url=https://runeberg.org/norkal/1890/0356.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=2018-01-06|language=sv|pages=595–596}}</ref>
* {{flag|Belgium}}: Grand Cordon of the [[Order of Leopold (Belgium)|Royal Order of Leopold]], ''5 October 1886''
* {{flag|Denmark}}: [[Order of the Dannebrog|Grand Cross of the Dannebrog]], ''7 October 1886''
* {{flag|Russian Empire}}:
** [[Order of St. Alexander Nevsky|Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky]], ''25 May 1896''
** [[Order of St. Andrew|Knight of St. Andrew]], ''4 June 1910''
* {{flagcountry|French Third Republic}}: Grand Cross of the [[Legion of Honour]], ''16 April 1897''
* {{flag|Qing dynasty}}: [[Order of the Double Dragon]], Class I Grade II, ''27 November 1904''; Class I Grade I, ''27 April 1909''
* {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}: [[Order of the Bath|Honorary Grand Cross of the Bath]] (military), ''1907''<ref name=lond-gaz-07-05-1907>{{cite news| url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/28019/page/3079/data.pdf |title=Central Chancery of The Orders of Knighthood, Lord Chamberlains Office, St. James's Palace | work=The London Gazette| date=7 May 1907 | issue=11932 |page=493| access-date=15 February 2014 |quote=The KING has been pleased to appoint General His Imperial Highness The Prince Sadanaru Fushimi of Japan to be an Honorary Member of the Military Division of the First Class, or Knights Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath.}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:HIH Fushimi Sadanaru.jpg|HIH Fushimi Sadanaru in 1918
File:HIH Fushimi Toshiko.jpg|HIH Fushimi Toshiko
</gallery>

==Ancestry==
<ref name=descent>{{cite web|url=https://reichsarchiv.jp/%E5%AE%B6%E7%B3%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88/%E4%BC%8F%E8%A6%8B%E5%AE%AE%E5%AE%B6#fusimip21|title=Genealogy|website=Reichsarchiv|date=5 May 2010 |access-date=2 November 2017|language=ja}}</ref>
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Prince Fushimi Sadanaru'''
|2= 2. [[Prince Fushimi Kuniie]] (1802-1872)
|3= 3. [[:ja:鷹司景子|Princess Fushimi Hiroko]], ''[[née]]'' Takatsukasa (1814-1892)
|4= 4. Prince [[:ja:伏見宮貞敬親王|Fushimi Sadayoshi]] (1776-1841)
|5=  
|6= 6. [[:ja:鷹司政煕|Takatsukasa Masahiro]] (1761-1841)
|7= 
|8= 8. Prince [[:ja:伏見宮邦頼親王|Fushimi Kuniyori]] (1733-1802)
|9= 
|10= 
|11= 
|12= 12. [[:ja:鷹司輔平|Takatsukasa Sukehira]] (1739-1813)
|13= 
|14=  
|15= 
|16= 16. Prince [[:ja:伏見宮貞建親王|Fushimi Sadatake]] (1701-1754)
|17= 
|18= 
|19= 
|20= 
|21= 
|22= 
|23=  
|24= 24. [[:ja:閑院宮直仁親王|Prince Kan'in Naohito]] (1704-1753)
|25= 25. Nakano Sachi
|26= 
|27= 
|28= 
|29=  
|30= 
|31= 
}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*{{cite book
 | last = Dupuy
 | first = Trevor N.
 | year = 1992
 | title = Encyclopedia of Military Biography
 | publisher = I B Tauris & Co Ltd
 | location = 
 | isbn = 1-85043-569-3
 | url-access = registration
 | url = https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmi0000dupu
 }}
* [[Marius Jansen|Jansen, Marius B.]] and [[Gilbert Rozman]], eds. (1986). ''Japan in Transition: from Tokugawa to Meiji.'' Princeton: [[Princeton University Press]]. {{ISBN|9780691054599}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/12311985  OCLC 12311985]
*  ____________. (2000). ''The Making of Modern Japan.'' Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|9780674003347}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/44090600  OCLC 44090600]
*{{cite book
 | last = Koyama
 | first = Noboru
 | year = 2004
 | title = Japanese Students at Cambridge University in the Meiji Era, 1868-1912: Pioneers for the Modernization of Japan
 | publisher = Lulu.com
 | location =
 | isbn = 1-4116-1256-6
}}
* Takenobu, Yoshitaro. (1906). ''The Japan Year Book.'' Tokyo: Japan Year Book Office. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1771764  OCLC 1771764]

==External links==
* {{Commons cat inline}}

{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Fushimi Sadanaru, Prince}}
[[Category:Japanese princes]]
[[Category:Fushimi-no-miya]]
[[Category:1858 births]]
[[Category:1923 deaths]]
[[Category:Marshals of Japan]]
[[Category:Japanese military personnel of the First Sino-Japanese War]]
[[Category:Japanese military personnel of the Russo-Japanese War]]
[[Category:People of the Meiji era]]
[[Category:People from Chōshi]]
[[Category:Nobility from Kyoto]]
[[Category:Deaths from influenza]]
[[Category:Infectious disease deaths in Japan]]
[[Category:École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Golden Kite, 2nd class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure, 1st class]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus]]
[[Category:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Dannebrog]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]