View source for Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu

{{Short description|Japanese prince and admiral (1875–1946)}}
{{more footnotes|date=October 2019}}
{{expand Japanese|topic=bio|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific_prefix = [[His Imperial Highness]]
|order            = <!-- the nth holder of the office -->
|office           = [[Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff|Chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff]]
|term_start       = 2 February 1932
|term_end         = 9 April 1941
|monarch          = [[Hirohito|Shōwa]]
|predecessor      = Taniguchi Naomi
|successor        = [[Osami Nagano]]
|name             = Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu
|birth_date       = October 16, 1875
|death_date       = {{Death date and age|1946|08|16|1875|10|16}}<ref>Nishida, ''Imperial Japanese Navy''.</ref>
|birth_place      = [[Tokyo]], [[Empire of Japan|Japan]]
|death_place      = Tokyo, Japan
|image            = File:Fushimi no miya Hiroyasu ou 1920s (cropped).jpg
|caption          = Marshal Admiral Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu
|nickname         = 
|allegiance       = {{flag|Empire of Japan}}
|branch           = {{naval|Empire of Japan}}
|serviceyears     = 1895–1946
|rank             = [[File:Imperial Japan-Navy-OF-9-collar.svg|30px]] [[File:元帥徽章.svg|20px]] [[Gensui (Imperial Japanese Navy)|Marshal Admiral]]
|commands         = [[Japanese cruiser Takachiho|''Takachiho'']], [[Japanese battleship Asahi|''Asahi'']], [[Japanese battlecruiser Ibuki|''Ibuki'']]<br> Chief of the [[Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff]] 
|unit             = 
|battles          = 
{{tree list}}
* [[Russo-Japanese War]]
** [[Battle of the Yellow Sea]]
** [[Battle of Tsushima]]
* [[World War I]]
* [[World War II]]
{{tree list/end}}
|awards           = Collar of the Supreme [[Order of the Chrysanthemum]] (1934)<br>[[Order of the Golden Kite]], 1st class (1942)
|relations        = 
}}
{{Infobox royalty
|name= Hiroyasu
|title= Prince Fushimi
|father=[[Prince Fushimi Sadanaru]]
|succession=Prince [[Fushimi-no-miya|Fushimi]]
|reign=1923-1946
|predecessor=[[Prince Fushimi Sadanaru]]
|successor=[[Fushimi Hiroaki]]
|succession1=Prince [[Kachō-no-miya|Kacho]]
|reign1=1883-1904
|predecessor1=[[Prince Kachō Hiroatsu]]
|successor1=[[Prince Kachō Hirotada]]
}}
{{nihongo|[[Admiral of the Fleet (Japan)|Marshal Admiral]] '''Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu'''|伏見宮博恭王| Fushimi-no-miya Hiroyasu ō |extra= October 16, 1875 &ndash; August 16, 1946}} was a scion of the [[Imperial Household of Japan|Japanese imperial family]] and a career naval officer who served as [[Chief of staff (military)|chief of staff]] of the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] from 1932 to 1941.

==Early life==
Prince Hiroyasu was born in [[Tokyo]] as Prince Narukata, the eldest son of [[Prince Fushimi Sadanaru]] (1858–1923) by one of his concubines. He was the twenty-third head of the [[Fushimi-no-miya]], one of the four ''[[shinnōke]]'' cadet branches of the imperial family entitled to succeed to the throne in default of a direct heir. Prince Fushimi was a second cousin to both [[Hirohito|Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito)]] and [[Empress Kōjun]], and nephew of [[Prince Kan'in Kotohito]]

He succeeded to title [[ōke|Kachō-no-miya]] on April 23, 1883, upon which he changed his name from "Narukata" to "Hiroyasu," but returned to the house of Fushimi-no-miya on January 16, 1904.

==Marriage & family==
On January 9, 1896, Prince Hiroyasu married '''Tokugawa Tsuneko''' (1882–1939), the ninth daughter of Prince [[Tokugawa Yoshinobu]], Japan's last ''[[shōgun]]'', with whom he had six children: 
# {{nihongo|[[Prince Fushimi Hiroyoshi]]|博義王|Hiroyoshi-ō|extra= December 8, 1897 – October 19, 1938}}
# {{nihongo|Princess Yasuko|恭子女王|Yasuko-nyoō|extra= 1898–1919}}; Married Marquis Asano Nagatake
# {{nihongo|Prince Hirotada|博忠王|Hirotada-ō|extra= 1902–1924}}; Became [[Prince Kachō Hirotada]]
# {{nihongo|Prince Hironobu|博信王|Hironobu-ō|extra= 1905–1970}}; Became Marquis [[Kachō Hironobu]]: took peerage title of Marquis and succeeded to head of [[Kachō-no-miya]] household
# {{nihongo|Princess Atsuko|敦子女王|Atsuko nyoō|extra=1907–1936}}; Married Count Kiyosu Yukiyasu.
# {{nihongo|Princess Tomoko|知子女王|Tomoko nyoō|extra= 1907–1947}}; married [[Prince Kuni Asaakira]].
# {{nihongo|Prince Hirohide|博英王|Hirohide-ō|extra= 1912–1943}}; Became [[Count Fushimi Hirohide]]: took peerage title of Count, served in IJN, KIA.

==Military career==
Prince Hiroyasu entered the [[Imperial Japanese Naval Academy]] on 5 April 1886, but resigned in September 1889 and moved to [[Germany]]. He enrolled in the Naval Academy of the [[Kaiserliche Marine]] on 8 April 1892. Promoted to midshipman (''Fähnrich zur See'') on March 30, 1893 and to ensign (''Oberfähnrich zur See'') on April 20, 1894, he graduated from the academy on 15 August 1895 and returned to service in the IJN. He spoke fluent [[German language|German]]. He then served aboard the cruisers ''Itsukushima'' and ''Matsushima''. On December 1, 1897, he was promoted to sub-lieutenant and assigned to the battleship ''Fuji'', receiving a promotion to lieutenant on December 27. Promoted to [[lieutenant-commander]] on July 29, 1903, he served in the [[Russo-Japanese War]] (1904–05), and sustained wounds aboard the [[battleship]] [[Japanese battleship Mikasa|''Mikasa'']] in the [[Battle of the Yellow Sea]] (August 1904). He later served as [[executive officer]] on the cruiser [[Japanese cruiser Niitaka|''Niitaka'']], the battleship [[Japanese battleship Okinoshima|''Okinoshima'']], and cruisers [[Japanese cruiser Naniwa|''Naniwa'']] and [[Japanese cruiser Nisshin|''Nisshin'']].<ref>Nishida, Imperial Japanese Navy</ref> He was awarded the [[Order of the Golden Kite]], 4th class, for his services in the Russo-Japanese War, and was promoted to commander on September 28, 1906.

He studied in [[Great Britain]] from 1907 to 1910 and upon his return to Japan was promoted to captain on December 1, 1910. He commanded the [[cruiser]] [[Japanese cruiser Takachiho|''Takachiho'']] (1910), and later the [[Japanese battleship Asahi|''Asahi'']] and the [[battlecruiser]] [[Japanese battlecruiser Ibuki|''Ibuki'']]. Promoted to [[rear admiral]] on August 31, 1913, he rose to [[vice admiral]] on December 1, 1916 and to full [[admiral]] on December 1, 1922. He was a member of the [[Supreme War Council (Japan)|Supreme War Council]] from 1920 onward. He was a strong supporter of the [[Fleet Faction]] within the Navy, pushing for the cancellation of the [[Washington Naval Agreement]] and the building of a more powerful navy.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Asada |first=Sadao |title=From Mahan to Pearl Harbor: the imperial Japanese navy and the United States |date=2008 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-55750-042-7 |edition=Nachdr. |location=Annapolis, Md |pages=169–170}}</ref>

Prince Hiroyasu succeeded his father as the twenty-third head of the house of Fushimi in 1923. He was appointed commander of the [[Sasebo Naval District]] in 1924. Admiral Prince Fushimi became the chief of the [[Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff]] on February 2, 1932, replacing Admiral [[Abo Kiyokazu]], and held the post until April 9, 1941.

Prince Fushimi received the largely honorary rank of [[Admiral of the Fleet (Japan)|marshal admiral]] on May 27, 1932, and the Collar of the Supreme [[Order of the Chrysanthemum]] in 1934.

While he was Chief of Staff of the Imperial Japanese Navy, the [[Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service]] used [[Strategic bombing during World War II|strategic bombing]] against Chinese cities including [[Shanghai]] and [[Bombing of Chongqing|Chongqing]]. The bombing of [[Nanjing]] and [[Guangzhou]], which began on September 22–23, 1937, resulted in widespread international condemnation of Japan and a resolution against Japan by the Far Eastern Advisory Committee of the [[League of Nations]].

As Chief of Staff, he supported the "[[Nanshin-ron|southward advance]]" into northern [[French Indochina]] and the [[Dutch East Indies]].

In 1945, the Americans listed Hiroyasu as a major war criminal suspect.<ref>https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945v06/d715</ref> Although he was reported dead in the War Crimes Office list, he was alive but sick.<ref>https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945v06/d715</ref>

== Honours ==
He received the following orders and decorations:<ref>{{cite book|author=刑部芳則|title=明治時代の勲章外交儀礼|url=http://meijiseitoku.org/pdf/f54-5.pdf|year=2017|publisher=明治聖徳記念学会紀要|language=ja|page=159}}</ref>
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
* {{flag|German Empire}}:
** Knight of the [[Order of the Crown (Prussia)|Order of the Prussian Crown]], 1st Class, ''22 June 1895''
** Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Red Eagle]], ''1 February 1910''
* {{flag|Korean Empire}}:
** Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Plum Blossom]], ''4 August 1901''
** Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Golden Ruler]], ''23 May 1905''
* {{flag|Qing dynasty}}: [[Order of the Double Dragon]], Class I Grade II, ''9 May 1903''
* {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}: Honorary Grand Cross of the [[Royal Victorian Order]], ''25 January 1910''<ref name="LG-28335-779">[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/28335/page/779 ''The London Gazette''], issue 28335, p. 779</ref>
* {{flag|Kingdom of Italy}}: Knight of the [[Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation|Order of the Annunciation]], ''14 February 1910''<ref name="dell'interno1920">{{cite book|author=Italy. Ministero dell'interno|title=Calendario generale del regno d'Italia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KU1TIJPtKx0C&pg=PR3|year=1920|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=KU1TIJPtKx0C&pg=PA58 58]}}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Restoration (Spain)}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order of Charles III]], ''8 March 1910''
* {{flagcountry|French Third Republic}}: Grand Cross of the [[Legion of Honour]], ''14 March 1910''
* {{flag|Austria-Hungary}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary|Order of St. Stephen]], ''21 March 1910''
* {{flag|Russian Empire}}: Knight of the [[Order of St. Andrew]], ''11 April 1910''
* {{flag|Netherlands}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Netherlands Lion]], ''27 April 1910''
* {{flag|Belgium}}: Grand Cordon of the [[Order of Leopold (Belgium)|Royal Order of Leopold]], ''4 May 1910''
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Siam (1855).svg}} [[Siam]]: Knight of the [[Order of the Royal House of Chakri]], ''28 November 1911''
}}

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center">
File:HIH Fushimi Tsuneko.jpg|HIH Princess Fushimi Tsuneko, consort
File:HIH Fushimi Hiroyoshi.jpg|HIH Prince Fushimi Hiroyoshi, heir
File:HIH Fushimi Atsuko and Tomoko.jpg|HIH Princess Atsuko and Princess Tomoko (twins)
File:Kuni Tomoko.jpg|HIH Princess Fushimi (Kuni) Tomoko, daughter
</gallery>

<!-- The ancestry of prince Fushimi Hiroyasu, 河野千代子, is not known
==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|ref = <ref name=descent>{{cite web|url=https://reichsarchiv.jp/%E5%AE%B6%E7%B3%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88/%E4%BC%8F%E8%A6%8B%E5%AE%AE%E5%AE%B6#fusimip22|title=Genealogy|website=Reichsarchiv|access-date=2 November 2017|language=ja}}</ref>
|collapsed  = yes |align = center
|boxstyle_1 = background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2 = background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5 = background-color: #9fe;
|1 = 1. '''Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu'''
|2 = 2. [[Prince Fushimi Sadanaru]] (1858–1923)
|3 = 3. Princess [[:ja:貞愛親王妃利子女王|Arisugawa Toshiko]] (1858–1927)
|4 = 4. [[Prince Fushimi Kuniie]] (1802–1872)
|5 = 5. Toriishoji Nobuko  
|6 = 6. [[Prince Arisugawa Takahito]] (1812–1886)
|7 = 7. Mori Noriko
|8 = 8. Prince [[:ja:伏見宮貞敬親王|Fushimi Sadayoshi]] (1776–1841)
|9 = 
|10 = 10. Toriishoji
|11 = 
|12 = 12. Prince [[:ja:有栖川宮韶仁親王|Arisugawa Tsunahito]] (1785–1845)
|13 = 13. Toshima Katsuko
|14 = 
|15 = 
|16 = 16. Prince [[:ja:伏見宮邦頼親王|Fushimi Kuniyori]] (1733–1802)
|17 = 17. Matsuki
|18 = 
|19 = 
|20 = 
|21 = 
|22 = 
|23 = 
|24 = 24. Prince [[:ja:有栖川宮織仁親王|Arisugawa Orihito]] (1754–1820)
|25 = 
|26 = 
|27 = 
|28 = 
|29 = 
|30 = 
|31 = 
}} -->

==References==
=== Notes ===
{{Reflist}}

===Books===
*Asada, Sadao (2006): From Mahan to Pearl Harbor. The Imperial Japanese Navy and the United States. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1557500427.
*{{cite book
 | last = Bix
 | first = Herbert P.
 | authorlink = Herbert P. Bix
 | year = 2001
 | title = [[Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan]]
 | publisher = Harper Perennial 
 | location = 
 | isbn = 0-06-093130-2
}}
*{{cite book
 | last = Frank
 | first = Richard B.
 | authorlink = Richard B. Frank
 | year = 2001 
 | title = Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire
 | publisher = Penguin (Non-Classics)
 | location = 
 | isbn = 0-14-100146-1
}}
*{{cite book
 | last = Spector
 | first = Ronald
 | authorlink = Ronald H. Spector
 | year = 1985
 | title = Eagle Against the Sun: The American War With Japan
 | publisher = Vintage
 | location = 
 | isbn = 0-394-74101-3
 | url-access = registration
 | url = https://archive.org/details/eagleagainstsuna0000spec
 }}

==External links==
*{{cite web
| last = Nishida
| first = Hiroshi
| url = http://homepage2.nifty.com/nishidah/e/px00.htm#p003
| title = Materials of IJN: Fushimi Hiroyasu
| work = Imperial Japanese Navy
| accessdate = 2007-08-23
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20121204191935/http://homepage2.nifty.com/nishidah/e/px00.htm#p003
| archive-date = 2012-12-04
| url-status = dead
}}
{{Navboxes
|title=Career
|list1=
{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Yamaya Tanin]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Naval War College (Japan)|Naval War College]]<br/>Headmaster|years= 18 August 1914 - 13 February 1915}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Satō Tetsutarō]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Yamaya Tanin]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[2nd Fleet (Imperial Japanese Navy)|2nd Fleet]]<br/>Commander-in-chief|years=1 December 1919 – 1 December 1920 }}
{{s-aft|after=[[Suzuki Kantarō]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Saitō Hanroku]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Sasebo Naval District]]<br/>Commander-in-chief|years=5 February 1924 - 15 April 1925}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Hyakutake Saburō]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Taniguchi Naomi]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff|Navy General Staff]]<br/>Chairman|years=2 February 1932 – 9 April 1941}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Nagano Osami]]}}
{{s-end}}
}}
{{IJN}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fushimi Hiroyasu, Prince}}
[[Category:1875 births]]
[[Category:1946 deaths]]
[[Category:Nobility from Tokyo]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Tokyo]]
[[Category:Japanese princes]]
[[Category:Kachō-no-miya]]
[[Category:Fushimi-no-miya]]
[[Category:Imperial Japanese Navy marshal admirals]]
[[Category:Japanese military personnel of the Russo-Japanese War]]
[[Category:Japanese people of World War I]]
[[Category:People of the Meiji era]]
[[Category:Japanese admirals of World War II]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Golden Kite]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary]]
[[Category:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Netherlands Lion]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]]