View source for Praefectus annonae

{{short description|Manager of the grain supply to Roman cities}}
[[File:Maria in Cosmedin Statio Annonae Säulen.JPG|thumb|The columns of the ''statio annonae'' are now part of the church of [[Santa Maria in Cosmedin]], Rome. Another ''statio'' was located near the [[Museo_Nazionale_Romano#Crypta_Balbi|Crypta Balbi]].]]
The '''{{lang|la|praefectus annonae}}''' ("prefect of the provisions"), also called the '''{{lang|la|praefectus rei frumentariae}}''' ("prefect of the grain supply"), was a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] official charged with the supervision of the [[Grain supply to the city of Rome|grain supply]] to the city of [[Rome]]. Under the [[Roman Republic|Republic]], the job was usually done by an [[aedile]]. However, in emergencies, or in times of extraordinary scarcity, someone would be elected to the office, and would take charge of supplying the entire city with provisions. 

[[Lucius Minucius Augurinus]], the accuser of [[Spurius Maelius]], was the first individual appointed to this office, serving from 439 BC.<ref>Livy, iv.12; Niebuhr, ''History of Rome'', vol. ii, p. 418.</ref> During the early 60s BC, following the sacking of the port of [[Ostia Antica|Ostia]] by pirates, [[Pompey]] held the powers of the office. Around 7 BC, the first [[Roman Emperor]], [[Augustus]], followed this example, and after vesting himself with these powers, specified that two former [[praetor]]s should be appointed each year to carry out the functions of this office. Augustus transferred powers from the aediles to this office, and specified that all holders of the office be members of the [[Equestrian order]]. Augustus also specified that these officers were to be aided by an ''adjutor'' (from the second century termed a ''subpraefectus'').  Later, Augustus specified that the ''praefecti'' should be of [[Roman consul|consular]] rank. After Augustus' reign, one person would usually hold this office,<ref>Cassius Dio, lii. 24; ''Digesta'', 1 tit. 2 s. 2 §33; 14 tit. 1 s. 1 §18, tit. 5 s. 8; 48 tit. 2 s. 13.</ref> frequently for a span of several years.  This continued until the fall of the Roman Empire.

During the later Empire, further ''praefecti annonae'' were established for the city of [[Alexandria]] (Egypt) and the [[Africa proconsularis|province of Africa]], the two chief sources of grain for the provisioning of Rome.

==List of known ''praefecti annonae urbis Romae''==
The entries from AD 14 to 337 are based on [[Henriette Pavis d'Escurac|d'Esurac]], ''La préfecture de l'annone, service administratif impérial d'Auguste à Constantin''.
{{colbegin|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Gaius Turranius]] (AD 14–48) 
* [[Pompeius Paulinus (prefect of Egypt)|Pompeius Paulinus]] (c. 49–54)
* [[Faenius Rufus]] (55–62)
* [[Gaius Poppaeus Sabinianus]] (c. 62–65)<ref>{{AE|2000|267}}</ref>
* [[Arrius Varus]] (70)
* [[Gaius Valerius Paulinus (eques)|Gaius Valerius Paulinus]] (c. 71–73)<ref>Added from Magioncalda, "La carriera di l. Iulius Ursus e le alte prefetture equestri nel I sec. D.C."</ref>
* [[Lucius Julius Ursus]] (c. 74–76)
* [[Gaius Tettius Cassianus Priscus]] (?76–79/80)
* [[Lucius Laberius Maximus]] (c. 80–82)
* [[Marcus Mettius Rufus]] (before 88)
* [[Claudius Athenodorus]] (c. 95)
* [[Gaius Minicius Italus]] (between 95 and 100)
* [[Servius Sulpicius Similis]] (between 103 and 107)
* [[Marcus Rutilius Lupus]] (between 107 and 111)
* Claudius Julianus (between 118 and 138){{efn-lr|Addressee of a rescript of Hadrian; otherwise unknown.}}
* [[Gaius Junius Flavianus]] (c. 138)
* [[Lucius Valerius Proculus]] (142–144)
* [[Marcus Petronius Honoratus]] (between 144 and 147)
* [[Tiberius Claudius Secundinus Lucius Statius Macedo]] (after 147)
* [[Lucius Volusius Maecianus]] (150s)
* [[Quintus Baienus Blassianus]] (between 150 and 161){{efn-lr|Dating Blassianus here instead of c. 133, following Bastianini, "Lista dei prefetti d'Egitto dal 30<sup>a</sup> al 299<sup>p</sup>", p. 297, No. 1.}}
* [[Titus Furius Victorinus]] (before 159)
* [[Titus Flavius Titianus (prefectus 164)|Titus Flavius Titianus]] (between 161 and 164)
* [[Ulpius Saturninus]] (166?)
* [[Titus Flavius Piso]] (c. 177)
* [[Lucius Julius Vehilius Gratus Julianus]] (until 189)
* [[Papirius Dionysius]] (189–190)
* [[Claudius Julianus]] (c. 201)
<!-- * Philumenianus (between 198 and 209) -->
* [[Quintus Marcius Dioga]] (between 211 and 217)
* Claudius (c. 218)
* [[Domitius Ulpianus]] (31 March 222 - 1 December 222)
* [[Gaius Attius Alcimus Felicianus]] (2nd quarter 3rd century)
* [[Caecina Largus (praefectus annonae)|Caecina Largus]] (1 February 250)
* Flavius Arabianus (between 270 and 275)
<!-- * Antonius Acutus (3rd century) -->
* Hostilius Antipater (between 268 and 328)
* Flavius Domitianus (end 3rd century–beginning 4th century)
* Manilius Rusticianus (307 or 309–310)
* Scribonius (between 286 and 312)
<!-- * Flavius Octavius (300/400) -->
* Aurelius Victorianus (313?)
* Gaius Caelius Saturninus (after 312)
* Profuturus (318–319)
* Mastichianus (326)
* [[Neratius Cerealis]] (328)
* [[Lucius Crepereius Madalianus]] (337–341)
* [[Marcus Maecilius Memmius Furius Baburius Caecilianus Placidus]] (before 340)
* [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]] (340–350)
* Antiochus (350–400)
* Publius Attius Clementinus (350–400)
* Flavius Hesychius (361–363)
* Maximus (365)
* Julianus (366)
* Aurelianus (367)
* [[Maximinus (praetorian prefect)|Maximinus]] (368–370)
* Ursicinus (372)
* Sempronius Faustus (375–378)
* Proculus Gregorius (377)
* Herculius (383–388)
* Nicetius (385)
* Ragonius Vincentius Celsus (before 389)
* [[Numerius Projectus]] (393–394)
* Caecilianus (396–397)
* Petronius (400–500)
* Acholius Abydius (400–600)
* Vitalius (403)
* Flavius Alexander Cresconius (425–450)
* Achilles (450–550)
* Sabinus (522)
* Paschasius (533–537){{efn-lr|[[Cassiodorus]] addressed a letter to him. He is probably not the same man as the ''[[vir spectabilis]]'' involved in a property dispute in 507/511. See {{PLRE|volume=3|page=969}} and {{PLRE|volume=2|page=835}}}}
{{colend}}

==List of known ''praefecti annonae urbis Alexandriae''==

* Claudius (349)
* Flavius Soterichus (350/450)

==List of known ''praefecti annonae Africae''==

* Amabilianus (315-316)
* Isidorus (368/375)
* Demetrianus (369-372)

==Notes==
{{notelist-lr}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* Titus Livius ([[Livy]]), ''[[Ab Urbe Condita Libri|History of Rome]]''.
* [[Lucius Cassius Dio]], ''Roman History''.
* ''Digesta'', or ''Pandectae'' ([[Digest (Roman law)|The Digest]]).
* [[Barthold Georg Niebuhr]], ''The History of Rome'', Julius Charles Hare and Connop Thirlwall, trans., John Smith, Cambridge (1828).
* [[A. H. M. Jones]] & [[John Robert Martindale|J. R. Martindale]], eds., ''[[Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire|The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire]]'' (abbreviated ''PLRE''), Cambridge University Press (1971–1992).
* Guido Bastianini, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20180880 "Lista dei prefetti d'Egitto dal 30<sup>a</sup> al 299<sup>p</sup>"], in ''[[Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik]]'', vol. 17 (1975).
* [[Henriette Pavis d'Escurac]], [https://www.persee.fr/doc/befar_0257-4101_1976_mon_226_1 ''La préfecture de l'annone, service administratif impérial d'Auguste à Constantin''] (Bibliothèque des Écoles françaises d'Athènes et de Rome, No. 226), École française de Rome, Rome (1976).
* Peter Eich, ''Zur Metamorphose des politischen Systems in der römischen Kaiserzeit. Die Entstehung einer „personalen Bürokratie“ im langen dritten Jahrhundert'' [On the metamorphosis of the political system in the Roman imperial period. The emergence of a ‘personal bureaucracy’ in the long third century]. [[Klio (journal)|Klio]] Beihefte, New Series, vol. 9. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, {{ISBN|3-05-004110-2}}, esp. pp. 189-210.
* Andreina Magioncalda, [https://www.persee.fr/doc/ccgg_1016-9008_2012_num_23_1_1771 "La carriera di l. Iulius Ursus e le alte prefetture equestri nel I sec. D.C."], in ''Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz'', No. 23, pp. 113–129 (2012).

[[Category:Lists of ancient Roman equites|Annonae]]
[[Category:Praefecti annonae| ]]
[[Category:Political office-holders in ancient Rome]]