View source for Pooideae

{{Short description|Subfamily of plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Briza media - keskmine värihein.jpg
|image_caption = Quaking grass (''[[Briza media]]'')
|taxon = Pooideae
|authority = Benth.
|subdivision_ranks = Subdivisions
|subdivision = See text.
}}

The '''Pooideae''' are the largest [[subfamily]] of the grass [[family (biology)|family]] [[Poaceae]], with about 4,000 species in 15 tribes and roughly 200 genera. They include some major [[cereal]]s such as [[wheat]], [[barley]], [[oat]], [[rye]] and many [[lawn]] and [[pasture]] grasses. They are often referred to as '''cool-season grasses''', because they are distributed in temperate climates.<ref name="SorengPeterson2017">{{cite journal|last1=Soreng|first1=Robert J.|last2=Peterson|first2=Paul M.|last3=Romaschenko|first3=Konstantin|last4=Davidse|first4=Gerrit|last5=Teisher|first5=Jordan K.|last6=Clark|first6=Lynn G.|last7=Barberá|first7=Patricia|last8=Gillespie|first8=Lynn J.|last9=Zuloaga|first9=Fernando O.|title=A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications|journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution|volume=55|issue=4|year=2017|pages=259–290|issn=1674-4918|doi=10.1111/jse.12262|doi-access=free|hdl=10261/240149|hdl-access=free}} {{open access}}</ref> All of them use the [[C3 photosynthesis|C<sub>3</sub> photosynthetic pathway]].

The Pooideae are the [[sister group]] of the bamboos within the [[BOP clade]], and are themselves subdivided into 15 [[tribe (taxonomy)|tribes]].<ref name="SorengPeterson2017"/>

== Evolutionary history ==
Pooidae started diversifying in the [[Late Eocene]], and their [[Adaptive radiation|radiation]] was especially intense during the [[Oligocene]] and [[Miocene]] [[Epoch (geology)|epochs]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pimentel |first1=Manuel |last2=Escudero |first2=Marcial |last3=Sahuquillo |first3=Elvira |last4=Minaya |first4=Miguel Ángel |last5=Catalán |first5=Pilar |date=22 September 2017 |title=Are diversification rates and chromosome evolution in the temperate grasses (Pooideae) associated with major environmental changes in the Oligocene-Miocene? |journal=[[PeerJ]] |language=en |volume=5 |pages=e3815 |doi=10.7717/peerj.3815 |doi-access=free |pmid=28951814 |pmc=5611942 |issn=2167-8359 }}</ref>

==Phylogeny==
Relationships of tribes in the Pooideae according to a 2017 [[phylogenetic]] classification, also showing the bamboos as sister group:<ref name="SorengPeterson2017"/>
{{clade|style=font-size:90%;line-height:75%;width:600px;
|1=[[bamboo]]s (Bambusoideae)
|label2='''Pooideae'''
|2={{clade
   |1=[[Brachyelytreae]]
   |2={{clade
      |label1=Nardodae
      |1={{clade
         |1=[[Lygeeae]]
         |2=[[Nardeae]]
         }}
      |2={{clade
         |1={{clade
            |1=[[Duthieeae]]
            |2=[[Phaenospermateae]]
            }}
         |2={{clade
            |label1=Melicodae
            |1={{clade
               |1=[[Brylkinieae]]
               |2=[[Meliceae]]
               }}
            |2={{clade
               |label1=Stipodae
               |1={{clade
                  |2=[[Ampelodesmeae]]
                  |1=[[Stipeae]]
                  }}
               |2={{clade
                  |1=[[Diarrheneae]]
                  |label2="core Pooideae"
                  |2={{clade
                     |1=[[Brachypodieae]]
                     |2={{clade
                        |label1=Triticodae
                        |1={{clade
                           |1=[[Littledaleae]]
                           |2={{clade
                              |1=[[Bromeae]]
                              |2=[[Triticeae]]
                              }}
                           }}
                        |label2=Poodae
                        |2={{clade
                           |label1=[[Poeae]]
                           |1=POEAE
                           }}
                        }}
                     }}
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   }}
|targetA=POEAE  <!-- subtree contain content to insert at POEAE -->
|subcladeA={{clade
          |label1=chloroplast group 1 |sublabel1=(Aveninae type) 
          |1={{clade
             |1=Torreyochloinae
             |2={{clade
                |1={{clade
                   |1=Phalaridinae
                   |2={{clade
                      |1=Anthoxanthinae
                      |2=Aveninae
                      }}
                   }}
                |label2=Agrostidinae
                |2={{clade
                   |1=Brizinae
                   |2={{clade
                      |1=Echinopogoninae
                      |2={{clade
                         |1=Agrostideae
                         |2=Calothecinae
                         }}
                      }}
                   }}
                }}
             }}
          |label2=chloroplast group 2 |sublabel2=(Poinae type)
          |2={{clade
             |1={{clade
                |1=Coleanthinae
                |label2=Poodinae
                |2={{clade
                   |1=Miliinae
                   |2={{clade
                      |1=Poinae
                      |2={{clade
                         |1=Phleinae
                         |2={{clade
                            |1=Beckmanniinae
                            |2={{clade
                               |1=Cinninae
                               |2={{clade
                                  |1=Alopecurinae
                                  |2=Ventenatinae
                                  }}
                               }}
                            }}
                         }}
                      }}
                   }}
                }}
             |2={{clade
                |1=Sesleriinae
                |2={{clade
                   |1=Holcinae
                   |2={{clade
                      |1=Scolochloinae
                      |2={{clade
                         |1=Airinae
                         |2={{clade
                            |1=Aristaveninae
                            |label2=Loliodinae
                            |2={{clade
                               |1=Loliinae
                               |2={{clade
                                  |1=Dactylidinae
                                  |2={{clade
                                     |1=Cynosurinae
                                     |2={{clade
                                        |1=Parapholiinae
                                        |2=Ammochloinae
                                        }}
                                     }}
                                  }}
                               }}
                            }}
                         }}
                      }}
                   }}
                }}
             }}
          }} <!-- end subcladeA-->
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Pooideae}}

{{Poaceae-navbox}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q4662262}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Pooideae| ]]
[[Category:Poaceae subfamilies]]


{{Poaceae-stub}}