View source for Ponca Fort

{{redirect|Nanza|the village in Iran|Nanza, Iran}}
'''Nanza''' is the [[Ponca]] name for what is now called '''Ponca Fort'''. It was a fortified village built by the Ponca in the vicinity of present-day [[Niobrara, Nebraska]], United States, in circa 1700 and occupied until about 1865.

The site of Nanza is located at the fork where Ponca Creek meets the [[Niobrara River]], west of the Niobrara River's entry into the [[Missouri River]]. It is located in what is now [[Knox County, Nebraska]], near the town of [[Verdel, Nebraska|Verdel]].<ref>Dorsey, J. (1884) ''Omaha sociology.'' Bureau of American Ethnology Annual Report. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution</ref>

Nanza was a principal settlement for the Ponca and was built to protect the Ponca against the [[Arikaras]], [[Cheyennes]] or [[Apaches]]. It contained [[earth lodge]]s and was surrounded by several [[cemeteries]], probably created during disease outbreaks after European contact. Today Ponca Fort lies on private property. The site is renowned among [[archaeologists]] for its resemblance to [[Middle Mississippian]] [[fortified town]]s found in [[Ohio]] which date from 800 through 1550.<ref>Howard, J. (1965). ''The Ponca Tribe.'' Bureau of American Ethnology. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.</ref>

Nanza comprises numerous earth lodge sites encircled by a protective wall perhaps six feet high. Today the fortification is still visible. Archeological excavations have determined there was originally a ditch three feet deep and ten feet wide surrounding the [[berm]]. An earth embankment supporting a post [[palisade]] was discovered inside the ditch. Guns, hatchets, knives, beads, kettles, cloth and other European goods have been recovered from Ponca Fort, and serve as a testimony to the village's important position in the local fur trade.<ref>(n.d.){{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20000607103437/http://nebraskahistory.org/histpres/nebraska/knox.htm Nebraska National Register Sites in Knox County.]}} Nebraska State Historical Society.</ref> There is also evidence of extensive trade with other tribes. Pottery, stone mauls, mealing slabs and maulers, bone knives, hoes, tubes, shaft wrenches and picks, and strip bark in rolls from as far away as the Southeastern United States.<ref>Johansen, B. (Ed.) (2004) ''Enduring legacies: Native American treaties and contemporary controversies.'' Praeger/Greenwood.</ref>

On April 3, 1973, the Ponca Fort was added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref>[http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/ne/knox/state.html National Register in Knox County - Nebraska]</ref>

==See also==
*[[Fort Lisa (Nebraska)|Fort Lisa]]
*[[Cabanne's Trading Post]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Native Americans in Nebraska}}
{{Registered Historic Places}}
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[[Category:Missouri River]]
[[Category:1700 establishments in North America]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Knox County, Nebraska]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Nebraska]]
[[Category:Forts in Nebraska|Ponca]]
[[Category:Pre-statehood history of Nebraska]]
[[Category:Native American history of Nebraska]]
[[Category:Ponca]]


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