View source for Politics of Bavaria

{{short description|Overview of the politics of the German state of Bavaria}}
{{Politics of Bavaria}}
[[Bavaria]], one of the [[states of Germany]], has a multiparty system [[Dominant-party system|dominated]] by the [[Christian Social Union in Bavaria]] (CSU). Bavaria has long been a bastion of conservative politics in Germany, with the Christian Social Union having won every election of the state parliament since 1946 and having a near monopoly on power. Every Minister-President since 1957 has been a member of this party. On the other hand the bigger and more liberal, or rather social democratic, cities, especially Munich, have been governed for decades by the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] (SPD) until recently the second biggest party. In 2018 the [[Alliance 90/The Greens]] which have been represented in the state parliament since 1986, became the second biggest political party in the Landtag and in 2020 the biggest party in the Munich City Council. From the historical point of view, [[Altbayern|older Bavaria]] was one of the most liberal, predominantly [[Roman Catholic]] states until the rather rural areas of Swabia and Franconia were added in 1814/15 at the Congress of Vienna.

In 1995 the Bavarians decided to introduce [[direct democracy]] on the local level in a [[referendum]]. This was initiated bottom-up by an association called ''Mehr Demokratie'' (More Democracy). This is a grass-roots organization which campaigns for the right to citizen-initiated referendums. In 1997 the Bavarian Supreme Court aggravated the regulations considerably (e.g. by introducing a turn-out quorum). Nevertheless, Bavaria has the most advanced regulations on local direct democracy in [[Germany]]. This has led to a spirited citizens’ participation in communal and municipal affairs – 835 referendums took place from 1995 through 2005.

== Constitution ==
{{See also|Constitutional Court of Bavaria}}
The [[Constitution of Bavaria]] was enacted on 8 December 1946. It is the fourth constitutional document in Bavarian history after the Constitution of 1808, the Constitution of the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] in 1818 and the Bamberg Constitution of 1919.

==Landtag of Bavaria==
[[File:Maximilianeum (Bayerischer Landtag).JPG|thumb|Maximilianeum, seat of the Landtag of Bavaria]]
Bavaria has a [[unicameral]] [[Landtag of Bavaria|Landtag]], or state parliament. The 180 members of the Landtag<ref>[http://www.gesetze-bayern.de/Content/Document/BayVerf-13 Artikel 13 (1) Bayerische Verfassung]</ref> (plus additional [[overhang seat|overhang]] and [[leveling seat|leveling]] seats) are elected for a period of five years by universal suffrage. The Landtag may dissolve itself with a majority vote of its legal number of members or be dissolved by means of a state-wide referendum.<ref>[http://www.gesetze-bayern.de/Content/Document/BayVerf-18 Artikel 18 Bayerische Verfassung]</ref>

Until December 1999, there was also a ''Senat'', or [[Senate of Bavaria|Senate]], whose members were chosen by social and economic groups in Bavaria, but following a referendum in 1998, this institution was abolished.

The Landtag resides in the [[Maximilianeum]], a building rich in tradition built on the banks of River Isar by King Maximilian II in the 19th century.

===Electoral system===
[[File:Bayern Landtagswahlkreise 2018.svg|thumb|Constituencies and single member districts for the Bavarian state election, 2018]]
Bavaria uses [[mixed-member proportional representation]] to elect its members of the Landtag. Party representation is not apportioned statewide, the distribution of seats takes place separately within the seven administrative districts ({{lang|de|Regierungsbezirke}}), which are referred to in the constitution as constituencies (Wahlkreise).<ref>[http://www.gesetze-bayern.de/Content/Document/BayVerf-14 Artikel 14 (1) Bayerische Verfassung]</ref> The constituencies are divided into electoral districts (Stimmkreise) in which one member is directly elected. The number of single member districts is about half the number of seats in the constituency.

Since the [[2018 Bavarian state election|2018 state election]] seats and single member districts are distributed as follows:<ref>{{cite web|title=Gesetz zur Änderung des Landeswahlgesetzes|periodical=|publisher=Bayerischer Landtag|url=https://www.bayern.landtag.de/www/ElanTextAblage_WP17/GVBl/2017/2017_05/GVBL-2017-05%20S%2042%2017-14472.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=2020-02-24|last=|date=2017-03-31|year=|language=|pages=|quote=}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
|-
! Constituency
! Seats<ref group="notes">Without overhang and leveling seats</ref>
! Single member districts
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Upper Bavaria]]
|61
|31
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Lower Bavaria]]
|18
|9
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Upper Palatinate]]
|16
|8
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Upper Franconia]]
|16
|8
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Middle Franconia]]
|24
|12
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Lower Franconia]]
|19
|10
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Swabia (Bavaria)|Swabia]]
|26
|13
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|'''''Total'''''
|'''''180'''''
|'''''91'''''
|}
<references group="notes" />

[[File:DE-BY Landtagswahl 2013 SK 104 Stimmzettel ErststimmeJPG.jpg|thumb|[[Ballot paper]] for the first vote in ''district 104'' (Munich [[Milbertshofen]]) of the [[Upper Bavaria]] constituency]]
[[File:DE-BY Landtagswahl 2018 SK 104 Stimmzettel Zweitstimme.jpg|thumb|[[Ballot paper]] for the second vote in ''district 104'' (Munich [[Milbertshofen]]) of the [[Upper Bavaria]] constituency]]
Since the [[1950 Bavarian state election|1950 state election]] every elector has two votes, one for a candidate in their electoral district and one for a candidate in their constituency. All district (local) candidates are also constituency (regional) candidates with their parties. The parties may also nominate constituency-only candidates. To prevent double voting, the constituency ballots in each district omit the candidates running in that district. Members in single-member districts are elected by [[First-past-the-post voting|first-past-the-post]], based just on the first (district) votes. The distribution of seats in the constituencies are made by proportional representation which takes into account the parties' aggregate first (district) votes combined with their second (constituency) votes. Seats are allocated using the [[Largest remainder method|Hare-Niemeyer method]], after in 1992 the Bavarian Constitutional Court ruled the use of the [[D'Hondt method]] in state elections unconstitutional. To compensate if a party wins more electoral district seats in a constituency than its votes would entitle it to (these extra seats are termed overhang seats), the other parties receive leveling seats in the constituency too, increasing the number of seats for the constituency. There is no statewide adjustment of the seats. Only Parties and groups of voters who obtain at least 5% of the total votes (sum of first and second votes) in Bavaria participate in the distribution of seats. This threshold also applies to winning single-member districts; a party will forfeit all its district seats that it won if the party did not meet the 5% statewide threshold, with the forfeited district seats going to the second-place candidate.

Bavaria uses an [[Open list|open-list]] system for the constituency seats. For the distribution of list seats, a candidate is ranked within the list by the number of first votes received within the district plus the number of second votes received from voters elsewhere in the constituency. In this manner, voters collectively produce a list that is different from what the party submitted, which can result in the defeat of candidates that would have been elected (and vice versa) had the election taken place under a [[Closed list|closed-list]] system.

==={{anchor|Next election}}Next election===
{{main|2028 Bavarian state election}}
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According to the Bavarian Constitution, the election must be held on a Sunday "at the earliest 59 months, at the latest 62 months" after the preceding state elections <ref>[http://www.gesetze-bayern.de/Content/Document/BayVerf-16 Artikel 16 (1) Satz 3 Bayerische Verfassung]</ref> unless the Landtag is dissolved, in this case the new election shall be held at the latest on the sixth Sunday after the dissolution. The elections since 1978 have always taken place between mid-September and mid-October. The next election is expected to take place in 2028.

===Past elections===
{{main|2023 Bavarian state election}}
The state election was held on 8 October 2023. The CSU formed a [[Third Söder cabinet|government]] with the [[Free Voters of Bavaria]].

{{main|2018 Bavarian state election}}
The state election was held on 14 October 2018. The CSU lost its majority with a worse result than in 2008.

{{main|2013 Bavarian state election}}
The state election was held on 15 September 2013. The CSU won an absolute majority of the seats in the Landtag, while the [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]], a coalition party in the outgoing Bavarian government, did not receive enough votes to enter the new parliament.

{{main|2008 Bavarian state election}}
The state election was held on 28 September 2008. The CSU had its worst result since the [[Adenauer]] era, and lost its majority in the Landtag for the first time in 46 years.<ref name="n-tv:Fiasko für die CSU">[http://www.n-tv.de/Koalitionspartner_noetig_Fiasko_fuer_die_CSU/280920085818/1030029.html n-tv:Fiasko für die CSU]</ref>

{{main|2003 Bavarian state election}}
The state election was held on 21 September 2003. The CSU won more than two-thirds of the seats in the Landtag. No party in post-war German history had achieved this before.

==Party Strength in Landtag==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size: 0.9em;"
! rowspan="3" |Election year
! rowspan="3" |Total<br>seats
! colspan="10" |Seats won
|-
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Christian Social Union in Bavaria|CSU]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Bavaria Party|BP]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights|BHE]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Alliance 90/The Greens|Grüne]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Free Voters of Bavaria|FW]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Alternative for Germany|AfD]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Economic Reconstruction Union|WAV]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[National Democratic Party of Germany|NDP]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Christian Social Union in Bavaria}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Bavaria Party}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Free Voters of Bavaria}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Alternative for Germany}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Economic Reconstruction Union}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}};" |
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |1946
!180
|style="background:#d1ffbd; |104
|54
|9
|
|
|
|
|
|13
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[1950 Bavarian state election|1950]]
!204
|style="background:#d1ffbd; |64
|63
|12
|39
|26
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[1954 Bavarian state election|1954]]
!204
|style="background:#d1ffbd; |83
|61
|13
|28
|19
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[1958 Bavarian state election|1958]]
!204
|style="background:#d1ffbd; |101
|64
|8
|14
|17
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |1962
!204
|style="background:#d1ffbd; |108
|79
|9
|8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |1966
!204
|style="background:#d1ffbd; |110
|79
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|15
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |1970
!204
|style="background:#d1ffbd; |124
|70
|10
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |1974
!204
|style="background:#d1ffbd; |132
|64
|8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |1978
!204
|style="background:#d1ffbd; |129
|65
|10
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |1982
!204
|style="background:#d1ffbd; |133
|71
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[1986 Bavarian state election|1986]]
!204
|style="background:#d1ffbd; |128
|61
|
|
|
|15
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[1990 Bavarian state election|1990]]
!204
|style="background:#d1ffbd; |127
|58
|7
|
|
|12
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[1994 Bavarian state election|1994]]
!204
|style="background:#d1ffbd; |120
|70
|
|
|
|14
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[1998 Bavarian state election|1998]]
!204
|style="background:#d1ffbd; |123
|67
|
|
|
|14
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[2003 Bavarian state election|2003]]
!180
|style="background:#d1ffbd; |124
|41
|
|
|
|15
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[2008 Bavarian state election|2008]]
!187
|style="background:#d1ffbd; |92
|39
|16
|
|
|19
|21
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[2013 Bavarian state election|2013]]
!180
|style="background:#d1ffbd; |101
|42
|
|
|
|18
|19
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[2018 Bavarian state election|2018]]
!205
|style="background:#d1ffbd; |85
|22
|11
|
|
|38
|27
|22
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[2023 Bavarian state election|2023]]
!203
|style="background:#d1ffbd; |85
|17
|
|
|
|32
|37
|32
|
|
|}

===State Landtag Compositions===
<gallery>
1986 Bavaria Landtag.svg|11th Landtag, following [[1986 Bavarian state election|1986 election]]
1990 Bavaria Landtag.svg|12th Landtag, following [[1990 Bavarian state election|1990 election]]
1994 Bavaria Landtag.svg|13th Landtag, following [[1994 Bavarian state election|1994 election]]
1998 Bavaria Landtag.svg|14th Landtag, following [[1998 Bavarian state election|1998 election]]
2003 Bavaria Landtag.svg|15th Landtag, following [[2003 Bavarian state election|2003 election]]
2008 Bavaria Landtag.svg|16th Landtag, following [[2008 Bavarian state election|2008 election]]
2013 Bavaria Landtag.svg|17th Landtag, following [[2013 Bavarian state election|2013 election]]
2018 Bavaria Landtag.svg|18th Landtag, following [[2018 Bavarian state election|2018 election]]
2023 Bavaria Landtag.svg|19th Landtag, following [[2023 Bavarian state election|2023 election]]
</gallery>

===State Election Results Maps===
<gallery>
File:1950 Bavarian state election.svg|[[1950 Bavarian state election]], Black is CSU, Red is SPD, Light blue is [[Bavaria Party]]
File:1954 Bavarian state election.svg|[[1954 Bavarian state election]], Black is CSU, Red is SPD, Light blue is [[Bavaria Party]]
File:1958 Bavarian state election.svg|[[1958 Bavarian state election]], Black is CSU, Red is SPD, Light blue is [[Bavaria Party]]
File:1986 Bavarian state election.svg|[[1986 Bavarian state election]], Black is CSU, Red is SPD,
File:1990 Bavarian state election.svg|[[1990 Bavarian state election]], Black is CSU, Red is SPD,
File:1994 Bavarian state election.svg|[[1994 Bavarian state election]], Black is CSU, Red is SPD,
File:1998 Bavarian state election.svg|[[1998 Bavarian state election]], Black is CSU, Red is SPD,
File:2003 Bavarian state election.svg|[[2003 Bavarian state election]], Black is CSU, Red is SPD,
File:2008 Bavarian state election.svg|[[2008 Bavarian state election]], Black is CSU, Red is SPD,
File:2013 Bavarian state election.svg|[[2013 Bavarian state election]], Black is CSU, Red is SPD,
File:Bavaria State Election 2018.svg|[[2018 Bavarian state election]], Black is CSU, Red is SPD,
File:Bavaria State Election 2023.svg|[[2023 Bavarian state election]], Black is CSU, AfD is Blue
</gallery>

===Constituencies in the Landtag===
'''Upper Bavaria'''
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Munich-Hadern (electoral district)|Munich-Hadern]] (101)
* [[Munich-Bogenhausen (electoral district)|Munich-Bogenhausen]] (102)
* [[Munich-Giesing (electoral district)|Munich-Giesing]] (103)
* [[Munich-Milbertshofen (electoral district)|Munich-Milbertshofen]] (104)
* [[Munich-Moosach (electoral district)|Munich-Moosach]] (105)
* [[Munich-Pasing (electoral district)|Munich-Pasing]] (106)
* [[Munich-Ramersdorf (electoral district)|Munich-Ramersdorf]] (107)
* [[Munich-Schwabing (electoral district)|Munich-Schwabing]] (108)
* [[Munich-Mitte (electoral district)|Munich-Mitte]] (109)
* [[Altötting (Landtag electoral district)|Altötting]] (110)
* [[Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen, Garmisch-Partenkirchen]] (111)
* [[Berchtesgadner Land (electoral district)|Berchtesgadner Land]] (112)
* [[Dachau (electoral district)|Dachau]] (113)
* [[Ebersberg (electoral district)|Ebersberg]] (114)
* [[Eichstätt (electoral district)|Eichstätt]] (115)
* [[Erding (electoral district)|Erding]] (116)
* [[Freising (Landtag electoral district)|Freising]] (117)
* [[Fürstenfeldbruck-Ost (electoral district)|Fürstenfeldbruck-Ost]] (118)
* [[Ingolstadt (Landtag electoral district)|Ingolstadt]] (119)
* [[Landsberg am Lech, Fürstenfeldbruck-West]] (120)
* [[Miesbach (electoral district)|Miesbach]] (121)
* [[Mühldorf am Inn (electoral district)|Mühldorf am Inn]] (122)
* [[München-Land-Nord (electoral district)|München-Land-Nord]] (123)
* [[München-Land-Süd (electoral district)|München-Land-Süd]] (124)
* [[Neuburg-Schrobenhausen (electoral district)|Neuburg-Schrobenhausen]] (125)
* [[Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm (electoral district)|Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm]] (126)
* [[Rosenheim-Ost (electoral district)|Rosenheim-Ost]] (127)
* [[Rosenheim-West (electoral district)|Rosenheim-West]] (128)
* [[Starnberg (electoral district)|Starnberg]] (129)
* [[Traunstein (Landtag electoral district)|Traunstein]] (130)
* [[Weilheim-Schongau (electoral district)|Weilheim-Schongau]] (131)
{{div col end}}

'''Lower Bavaria'''
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Deggendorf (Langtag electoral district)|Deggendorf]] (201)
* [[Dingolfing (electoral district)|Dingolfing]] (202)
* [[Kelheim (electoral district)|Kelheim]] (203)
* [[Landshut (Langtag electoral district)|Landshut]] (204)
* [[Passau-Ost (electoral district)|Passau-Ost]] (205)
* [[Passau-West (electoral district)|Passau-West]] (206)
* [[Regen, Freyung Grafenau (electoral district)|Regen, Freyung Grafenau]] (207)
* [[Rottal-Inn (Langtag electoral district)|Rottal-Inn]] (208)
* [[Straubing (Langtag electoral district)|Straubing]] (209)
{{div col end}}

'''Upper Palatinate'''
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Amberg-Sulzbach (electoral district)|Amberg-Sulzbach]] (301)
* [[Cham (electoral district)|Cham]] (302)
* [[Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz (electoral district)|Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz]] (303)
* [[Regensburg-Land (electoral district)|Regensburg-Land]] (304)
* [[Regensburg-Stadt (electoral district)|Regensburg-Stadt]] (305)
* [[Schwandorf (Landtag electoral district)|Schwandorf]] (306)
* [[Tirschenreuth (electoral district)|Tirschenreuth]] (307)
* [[Weiden in der Oberpfalz (electoral district)|Weiden in der Oberpfalz]] (308)
{{div col end}}

'''Upper Franconia'''
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Bamberg-Land (electoral district)|Bamberg-Land]] (401)
* [[Bamberg-Stadt (electoral district)|Bamberg-Stadt]] (402)
* [[Beyreuth (electoral district)|Beyreuth]] (403)
* [[Coburg (Landtag electoral district)|Coburg]] (404)
* [[Forchheim (electoral district)|Forchheim]] (405)
* [[Hof (Landtag electoral district)|Hof]] (406)
* [[Kronach, Lichtenfels (electoral district)|Kronach, Lichtenfels]] (407)
* [[Wunsiedel, Kulmbach (electoral district)|Wunsiedel, Kulmbach]] (408)
{{div col end}}

'''Middle Franconia'''
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Nürnberg-Nord (electoral district)|Nuremberg-North]] (501)
* [[Nürnberg-Ost (electoral district)|Nürnberg-Ost]] (502)
* [[Nürnberg-Süd (electoral district)|Nürnberg-Süd]] (503)
* [[Nürnberg-West (electoral district)|Nürnberg-West]] (504)
* [[Ansbach-Nord (electoral district)|Ansbach-Nord]] (505)
* [[Ansbach-Süd, Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen (electoral district)|Ansbach-Süd, Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen]] (506)
* [[Erlangen-Höchstadt (electoral district)|Erlangen-Höchstadt]] (507)
* [[Erlangen-Stadt (electoral district)|Erlangen-Stadt]] (508)
* [[Fürth (Landtag electoral district)|Fürth]] (509)
* [[Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim, Fürth-Land]] (510)
* [[Nürnberger Land (electoral district)|Nürnberger Land]] (511)
* [[Roth (Landtag electoral district)|Roth]] (512)
{{div col end}}

'''Lower Franconia'''
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Aschaffenburg-Ost (electoral district)|Aschaffenburg-Ost]] (601)
* [[Aschaffenburg-West (electoral district)|Aschaffenburg-West]] (602)
* [[Bad Kissingen (Landtag electoral district)|Bad Kissingen]] (603)
* [[Haßberge, Rhön-Grabfeld (electoral district)|Haßberge, Rhön-Grabfeld]] (604)
* [[Kitzingen (electoral district)|Kitzingen]] (605)
* [[Main-Spessart (Landtag electoral district)|Main-Spessart]] (606)
* [[Miltenberg (electoral district)|Miltenberg]] (607)
* [[Schweinfurt (Landtag electoral district)|Schweinfurt]] (608)
* [[Würzburg-Land (electoral district)|Würzburg-Land]] (609)
* [[Würzburg-Stadt (electoral district)|Würzburg-Stadt]] (610)
{{div col end}}

'''Swabia'''
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Augsburg-Stadt-Ost (electoral district)|Augsburg-Stadt-Ost]] (701)
* [[Augsburg-Stadt-West (electoral district)|Augsburg-Stadt-West]] (702)
* [[Aichach-Friedberg (electoral district)|Aichach-Friedberg]] (703)
* [[Augsburg-Land, Dillingen (electoral district)|Augsburg-Land, Dillingen]] (704)
* [[Augsburg-Land-Süd (electoral district)|Augsburg-Land-Süd]] (705)
* [[Donau-Ries (Landtag electoral district)|Donau-Ries]] (706)
* [[Günzburg (electoral district)|Günzburg]] (707)
* [[Kaufbeuren (electoral district)|Kaufbeuren]] (708)
* [[Kempten, Oberallgäu (electoral district)|Kempten, Oberallgäu]] (709)
* [[Lindau, Sonthofen (electoral district)|Lindau, Sonthofen]] (710)
* [[Marktoberdorf (electoral district)|Marktoberdorf]] (711)
* [[Memmingen (electoral district)|Memmingen]] (712)
* [[Neu-Ulm (Landtag electoral district)|Neu-Ulm]] (713)
{{div col end}}

== The Bavarian State Government ==
[[File:Bay. Staatskanzlei München 02.jpg|thumb|Bavarian State Chancellery]]
*[[Cabinet Söder II|Bavaria Cabinet since 12 November 2018]]

The Bavarian State Government is the supreme executive authority of the state.<ref>[http://www.gesetze-bayern.de/Content/Document/BayVerf-43 Artikel 43 Bayerische Verfassung]</ref> It consists of the [[Minister-President of Bavaria]] and up to 17 state ministers and state secretaries. The Minister-President as head of government is elected for a period of five years by the Landtag. With the approval of the Landtag he appoints and dismiss the members of the State Government.

The State Government is composed of the:
* [[Bayerische Staatskanzlei|State Chancellery]] (''{{lang|de|Staatskanzlei}}'')
* Ministry of the [[Bavarian Ministry of the Interior|Interior]], for Sport and Integration (''{{lang|de|Staatsministerium des Innern, für Sport und Integration}}'')
* Ministry for Housing, Construction and Transport (''{{lang|de|Staatsministerium für Wohnen, Bau und Verkehr}}'')
* Ministry of Justice (''{{lang|de|Staatsministerium der Justiz}}'')
* Ministry for Education and Culture (''{{lang|de|Staatsministerium für Bildung und Kultus}}'')
* Ministry for Science and Art (''{{lang|de|Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst}}'')
* Ministry of Finance and for Home Affairs (''{{lang|de|Staatsministerium der Finanzen und für Heimat}}'')
* Ministry for Economic Affairs, Regional Development and Energy (''{{lang|de|Staatsministerium für Wirtschaft, Landesentwicklung und Energie}}'')
* Ministry for Environment and Consumer Protection (''{{lang|de|Staatsministerium für Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz}}'')
* Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Forestry (''{{lang|de|Staatsministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten}}'')
* Ministry for Family, Labour and Social Affairs (''{{lang|de|Staatsministerium für Familie, Arbeit und Soziales}}'')
* Ministry for Health and Care (''{{lang|de|Staatsministerium für Gesundheit und Pflege}}'')
* Ministry for Digital Affairs (''{{lang|de|Staatsministerium für Digitales}}'')<ref>[https://www.bayern.de/staatsregierung/staatsministerien/ List of the state ministries]</ref>

===List of Minister Presidents of Bavaria===
{{For|earlier rulers|List of minister-presidents of Bavaria}}
[[File:2022-02-21 Dr. Markus Soeder-1926 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Markus Söder, incumbent Minister President]]
# 1945: [[Fritz Schäffer]] ([[Christian Social Union in Bavaria|CSU]])
# 1945 - 1946: [[Wilhelm Hoegner]] ([[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]])
# 1946 - 1954: [[Hans Ehard]] (CSU)
# 1954 - 1957: [[Wilhelm Hoegner]] (SPD)
# 1957 - 1960: [[Hanns Seidel]] (CSU)
# 1960 - 1962: [[Hans Ehard]] (CSU)
# 1962 - 1978: [[Alfons Goppel]] (CSU)
# 1978 - 1988: [[Franz Josef Strauss]] (CSU)
# 1988 - 1993: [[Max Streibl]] (CSU)
# 1993 - 2007: [[Edmund Stoiber]] (CSU)
# 2007 - 2008: [[Günther Beckstein]] (CSU)
# 2008 - 2018: [[Horst Seehofer]] (CSU)
# Since 2018: [[Markus Söder]] (CSU)

==See also==

*[[Monarchism in Bavaria after 1918]]

== References ==
<references/>

{{Politics of Germany by state}}

[[Category:Politics of Bavaria| ]]