View source for Pipeline roller coaster

{{Short description|Roller coaster design}}
{{For|the roller coaster at SeaWorld Orlando|Pipeline: The Surf Coaster}}{{ Infobox attraction model
| name                = 
| logo                = <!--Use ONLY the filename, not a full [[Image:]] link-->
| logo_width          = <!--Default is 250px-->
| image               = Ultra Twister.jpg
| imagedimensions     = <!--Default is 250px-->
| caption             = Ultra Twister at the defunct [[Six Flags Astroworld]], a [[TOGO]] pipeline coaster
| status              = Discontinued 
| first_produced      = 1984
| installations       = 12
| manufacturer        = <!--Must not be linked.-->
| manufacturer2       = [[TOGO]]<br>[[Arrow Dynamics]]<br>[[Intamin]]
| designer            = <!--Should be linked.-->
| height_ft           = <!--Must be expressed in feet and may contain only numeric characters.-->
| height_m            = <!--Must be expressed in metres and may contain only numeric characters.-->
| drop_ft             = <!--Must be expressed in feet and may contain only numeric characters.-->
| drop_m              = <!--Must be expressed in metres and may contain only numeric characters.-->
| length_ft           = <!--Must be expressed in feet and may contain only numeric characters.-->
| length_m            = <!--Must be expressed in metres and may contain only numeric characters.-->
| speed_mph           = <!--Must be expressed in miles per hour and may contain only numeric characters.-->
| speed_km/h          = <!--Must be expressed in kilometres per hour and may contain only numeric characters.-->
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| capacity            = <!--If number is known, include this parameter.-->
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| rows                = 
| riders_per_row      = 2
| participants_per_group= <!--Only use if neither rows or vehicles is applicable.-->
| audience_capacity   = <!--For shows-->
| duration            = 
| restraint           = Over-the-Shoulder
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| rcdb_number         =  <!--The number in the URL of the coaster's RCDB page. This parameter should only be used for roller coaster models.-->
}}
A '''pipeline roller coaster''' is a type of [[roller coaster]] where the trains ride between the tracks as opposed to a traditional roller coaster where they ride above them. The concept was first developed by Japanese ride company [[TOGO]] as the Ultratwister model. They built six installations of the design, four of which are still in existence. [[Arrow Dynamics]] created an alternate version of the concept, but it never made it past the prototype stage in development. [[Intamin]] developed a version known as the Spiral Coaster model, building only one installation, which is no longer in operation.

== History ==
The first pipeline coasters were manufactured by [[TOGO]] as their Ultratwister model.<ref name="List of pipeline coasters">{{cite web |last1=Marden |first1=Duane |title=Roller Coaster Search Results |url=https://rcdb.com/r.htm?de=73&order=-8&ot=2 |website=[[Roller Coaster DataBase]] |access-date=5 January 2025}}</ref> The company manufactured six of the model, with the first two opening in 1986 at Tokyo Dome City in [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]], and [[Six Flags Great Adventure]] in [[Jackson, New Jersey]], [[United States]], both named "Ultra Twister."<ref name="List of Ultratwisters">{{cite web |last1=Marden |first1=Duane |title=Roller Coaster Search Results |url=https://rcdb.com/r.htm?order=-8&ot=2&ml=21382 |website=[[Roller Coaster DataBase]] |access-date=5 January 2025}}</ref>

TOGO's Ultratwister model features an 85-degree lift hill followed by three [[heartline roll]] inversions. Between the second and third rolls is a switch track that tilts trains to an approximately 45 degree angle, sending them through the remainder of the course backwards. The Ultratwister at Rusutsu Resort is the only S-II model built by TOGO, featuring a [[dive loop]] instead of a switch track.<ref>{{Cite RCDB |coaster_name=S-II Ultratwister |rcdb_number=8480 |accessdate=January 5, 2025}}</ref>

[[Arrow Dynamics]] attempted to develop a pipeline roller coaster, building a prototype at Arrow's facility in Utah. In 1990, [[John Wardley]] worked with [[Alton Towers]] to attempt to build one at the park. This was later scrapped in favor of [[Nemesis Reborn|Nemesis]] after Wardley rode the prototype and disliked the experience it offered.<ref>{{cite journal|title=John Wardley Looks Back |journal=First Drop |page=13 |url=http://www.john-wardley.demon.co.uk/firstdrop.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314214050/http://www.john-wardley.demon.co.uk/firstdrop.pdf |archive-date=March 14, 2012 |access-date=January 5, 2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media|people=[[John Wardley|Wardley, John]]|title=Nemesis 10th Birthday|url=http://www.towersalmanac.com/features/multimedia.php?id=19|access-date=January 5, 2025 |date=March 15, 2004|format=MP3|publisher=Alton Towers Almanac}}</ref>

In the 1996, [[Intamin]] built Sky Plaza Comet, a Spiral Coaster at Sky Plaza in [[South Korea]].<ref name="Spiral Coaster">{{Cite RCDB |coaster_name=Spiral Coaster |location=Winter Wonderland Kuwait |rcdb_number=1604 |accessdate=January 5, 2025}}</ref> In 2000, the coaster was relocated to Al-Sha'ab Leisure Park in [[Kuwait]] (now known as Winter Wonderland Kuwait), before permanently closing in 2005. The ride remained standing but not operating until its removal in 2017.<ref>{{Cite RCDB |coaster_name=Winter Wonderland Kuwait |location=Salmiya, Hawalli, Kuwait |rcdb_number=5126 |accessdate=January 5, 2025}}</ref>

== Installations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Coaster name !! Amusement park !! Manufacturer !! Model !! Opened !! Status !!
|-
| Ultra Twister || [[Tokyo Dome City Attractions|Tokyo Dome City]] || [[TOGO]] || Ultratwister || 1986 || {{No|Demolished}} || <ref>{{Cite RCDB |coaster_name=Ultra Twister |location=Tokyo Dome City |rcdb_number=1440 |accessdate=January 5, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| Ultra Twister || [[Nagashima Spa Land]] || [[TOGO]] || Ultratwister || 1989 || {{Yes|Operating}} || <ref>{{Cite RCDB |coaster_name=Ultra Twister |location=Nagashima Spa Land |rcdb_number=15562 |accessdate=January 5, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| Ultra Twister || Rusutsu Resort<br/><small>''World Food Festival''</small> || [[TOGO]] || Ultratwister S-II || 1989<br/><small>''1988''</small> || {{Yes|Operating}}<br/><small>''Closed 1988''</small> || <ref>{{Cite RCDB |coaster_name=Ultra Twister |location=Rusutsu Resort |rcdb_number=1259 |accessdate=January 5, 2025}}</ref><br><ref>{{Cite RCDB |coaster_name=Ultra Twister |location=World Food Festival |rcdb_number=17854 |accessdate=January 5, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| Ultra Twister || Brazilian Park Washuzan Highland || [[TOGO]] || Ultratwister || 1991 || {{Yes|Operating}} || <ref>{{Cite RCDB |coaster_name=Ultra Twister |location=Brazilian Park Washuzan Highland |rcdb_number=1114 |accessdate=January 5, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| Ultra Twister Megaton || Greenland || [[TOGO]] || Ultratwister || 1994 || {{Maybe|Closed}} || <ref>{{Cite RCDB |coaster_name=Ultra Twister Megaton |location=Greenland |rcdb_number=1214 |accessdate=January 5, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| Spiral Coaster<br/><small>Formerly ''Sky Plaza Comet''</small> || Winter Wonderland Kuwait<br/><small>''Sky Plaza''</small> || [[Intamin]] || Spiral Coaster || 2000<br/><small>''1996''</small> || {{No|Demolished}}<br/><small>''Closed 1999''</small> || <ref name="Spiral Coaster" /><br/><ref>{{Cite RCDB |coaster_name=Sky Plaza Comet |location=Sky Plaza |rcdb_number=1605 |accessdate=January 5, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| Ultra Coaster<br/><small>Formerly ''Ultra Twister''</small> || South Sabahiya Park<br/><small>''Ikoma Skyland''</small> || [[TOGO]] || Ultratwister || 2008<br/><small>''2004 or earlier''</small> || {{No|Demolished}}<br/><small>''Closed 2012''</small> || <ref>{{Cite RCDB |coaster_name=Ultra Coaster |location=South Sabahiya Park |rcdb_number=4511 |accessdate=January 5, 2025}}</ref><br/><ref>{{Cite RCDB |coaster_name=Ultra Twister |location=Ikoma Skyland |rcdb_number=1249 |accessdate=January 5, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| unknown<br/><small>Formerly ''Ultra Twister''</small><br/><small>Formerly ''Ultra Twister''</small> || [[Six Flags America]]<br/><small>''[[Six Flags AstroWorld]]''</small><br/><small>''[[Six Flags Great Adventure]]''</small> || [[TOGO]] || Ultratwister || 2006<br/><small>1990</small><br/><small>1986</small> || {{No|Removed; in storage}}<br/><small>2005</small><br/><small>1988</small> || <ref>{{Cite RCDB |coaster_name=unknown |location=Six Flags America |rcdb_number=3535 |accessdate=January 5, 2025}}</ref><br/><ref>{{Cite RCDB |coaster_name=Ultra Twister |location=Six Flags Great Adventure |rcdb_number=45 |accessdate=January 5, 2025}}</ref><br/><ref>{{Cite RCDB |coaster_name=Ultra Twister |location=Six Flags AstroWorld |rcdb_number=46 |accessdate=January 5, 2025}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Pipeline roller coasters}}
*[http://www.intaminworldwide.com/ Intamin's Official Website]

{{Rollercoaster tracks}}

[[Category:Pipeline roller coasters| ]]
[[Category:Types of roller coaster]]