View source for Phonetic symbols in Unicode

{{Short description|none}}
{{Refimprove|date=January 2016}}
{{ SpecialChars
| special    = phonetic symbols
| fix        = Help:Special_characters
| characters = phonetic symbols
}}
[[Unicode]] supports several [[phonetic script]]s and notation systems through its existing scripts and the addition of extra [[Unicode block|blocks]] with phonetic characters.<!-- And assigning more (unassigned code points in already existing blocks)? --> These phonetic characters are derived from an existing script, usually Latin, Greek or Cyrillic. Apart from the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA), [[extensions to the IPA]] and [[obsolete and nonstandard IPA symbols]], these blocks also contain characters from the [[Uralic Phonetic Alphabet]] and the [[Americanist Phonetic Alphabet]].

==Phonetic scripts==
The [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] makes use of letters from other writing systems as most phonetic scripts do. IPA notably uses Latin, Greek and Cyrillic characters. Combining diacritics also add meaning to the phonetic text. Finally, these phonetic alphabets make use of modifier letters, that are specially constructed for phonetic meaning. A "modifier letter" is strictly intended not as an independent grapheme but as a modification of the preceding character<ref>{{cite web|url=http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=Spacing%20Modifier%20Letters |title=Spacing modifier letters |website=Everything2.com |date=2002-08-29 |access-date=2016-01-23}}</ref> resulting in a distinct grapheme, notably in the context of the International Phonetic Alphabet. For example, [[ʰ]] should not occur on its own but modifies the preceding or following symbol. Thus, {{IPA|tʰ}} is a single IPA symbol, distinct from {{IPA|t}}. In practice, however, several of these "modifier letters" are also used as full graphemes, e.g. [[ʿ]] as transliterating Semitic [[ayin]] or Hawaiian [[{{okina}}okina]], or [[˚]] transliterating Abkhaz [[ә]].

==From {{vanchor|IPA}} to Unicode==
{{Main|International Phonetic Alphabet}}
{{also|superscript IPA letters}}

===Consonants===
The following tables indicates the Unicode code point sequences for phonemes as used in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]]. A bold code point indicates that the Unicode chart provides an application note such as "voiced retroflex lateral" for {{unichar|026D|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|html=|size=100%}}. An entry in bold italics indicates the character name itself refers to a phoneme such as {{unichar|0298|LATIN LETTER BILABIAL CLICK|html=|size=100%}}


{{legend inline|#ddede0|Basic Latin/Greek   }}{{legend inline|#d7eaed|Latin extended  }}{{legend inline|#dedbe8|IPA extension}}

{| class="wikitable" style="white-space: nowrap;"

|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
! colspan="2"| [[Labiodental consonant|Labiodental]]
! colspan="2"| [[Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2"| [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2"| [[Postalveolar consonant|Postalveolar]]
! colspan="2"| [[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! colspan="2"| [[Labialized palatal consonant|Labialized palatal]]
! colspan="2"| [[Postalveolar-velar consonant|Postalveolar-velar]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left" | [[Plosive]]
|style="background: #e6efe8"| {{IPA link|p}} <hr><small><code><code>U+0070</code></code></small>
|style="background: #e6efe8"| {{IPA link|b}} <hr><small><code><code>U+0062</code></code></small>
| {{IPA link|p̪}} <hr><small><code>U+0070 '''U+032A'''</code></small>
| {{IPA link|b̪}} <hr><small><code>U+0062 '''U+032A'''</code></small>
| {{IPA link|t̪}} <hr><small><code>U+0074 '''U+032A'''</code></small>
| {{IPA link|d̪}} <hr><small><code>U+0064 '''U+032A'''</code></small>
| style="background: #e6efe8"|{{IPA link|t}} <hr><small><code><code>U+0074</code></code></small>
|style="background: #e6efe8"| {{IPA link|d}} <hr><small><code><code>U+0064</code></code></small>
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|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ʈ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0288'''</code></code></small>
|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ɖ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0256'''</code></code></small>
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left" | [[Implosive]]
|style="background: left"| {{IPA|ɓ̥}} <hr><small><code>'''U+0253''' '''U+0325'''</code></small>
|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ɓ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0253'''</code></code></small>
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| {{IPA|[[voiced dental implosive|ɗ̪]]}} <hr><small><code>'''U+0257''' '''U+032A'''</code></small>
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|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ɗ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0257'''</code></code></small>
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| {{IPA|[[voiced retroflex implosive|ᶑ]]}} <hr><small><code>'''U+1D91'''</code></small>
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left" | [[ejective consonant|Ejective]]
| {{IPA link|pʼ}} <hr><small><code>U+0070 '''U+02BC'''</code></small>
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| {{IPA link|t̪ʼ}} <hr><small><code>U+0074 '''U+032A''' '''U+02BC'''</code></small>
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| {{IPA link|tʼ}} <hr><small><code>U+0074 '''U+02BC'''</code></small>
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| {{IPA link|ʈʼ}} <hr><small><code>'''U+0288''' '''U+02BC'''</code></small>
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left" | [[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
| {{IPA link|m̥}} <hr><small><code>U+006D '''U+0325'''</code></small>
|style="background: #e6efe8"| {{IPA link|m}} <hr><small><code><code>U+006D</code></code></small>
| {{IPA|ɱ̊}} <hr><small><code>'''U+0271''' U+030A</code></small>
|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ɱ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0271'''</code></code></small>
| {{IPA|n̪̊}} <hr><small><code>U+006E '''U+032A''' U+030A</code></small>
| {{IPA link|n̪}} <hr><small><code>U+006E '''U+032A'''</code></small>
| {{IPA link|n̥}} <hr><small><code>U+006E '''U+0325'''</code></small>
|style="background: #e6efe8"| {{IPA link|n}} <hr><small><code><code>U+006E</code></code></small>
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| {{IPA link|ɳ̊}} <hr><small><code>'''U+0273''' U+030A</code></small>
|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ɳ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0273'''</code></code></small>
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left" | [[Trill consonant|Trill]]
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|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ʙ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0299'''</code></code></small>
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| {{IPA link|r̥}} <hr><small><code>U+0072 '''U+0325'''</code></small>
|style="background: #e6efe8"| {{IPA link|r}} <hr><small><code><code>U+0072</code></code></small>
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| [[retroflex trill|*]]
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left" | [[Flap consonant|Tap or Flap]]
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| {{IPA link|ⱱ̟}} <hr><small><code>'''U+2C71''' U+031F</code></small>
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|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ⱱ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+2C71'''</code></code></small>
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|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ɾ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+027E'''</code></code></small>
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|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ɽ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+027D'''</code></code></small>
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left" | [[Lateral flap]]
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|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ɺ}} <hr><small><code><code>U+027A</code></code></small>
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| [[retroflex lateral flap|𝼈]] <hr><small><code>'''U+1DF08'''</code></small>
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left" | [[Fricative]]
|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ɸ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0278'''</code></code></small>
|style="background: #e6efe8"| {{IPA link|β}} <hr><small><code><code>U+03B2</code></code></small>
|style="background: #e6efe8"| {{IPA link|f}} <hr><small><code><code>U+0066</code></code></small>
|style="background: #e6efe8"| {{IPA link|v}} <hr><small><code><code>U+0076</code></code></small>
|style="background: #e6efe8"| {{IPA link|θ}} <hr><small><code><code>U+03B8</code></code></small>
|style="background: #e2edef"| {{IPA link|ð}} <hr><small><code><code>U+00F0</code></code></small>
|style="background: #e6efe8"| {{IPA link|s}} <hr><small><code><code>U+0073</code></code></small>
|style="background: #e6efe8"| {{IPA link|z}} <hr><small><code><code>U+007A</code></code></small>
|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ʃ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0283'''</code></code></small>
|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ʒ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0292'''</code></code></small>
|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ʂ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0282'''</code></code></small>
|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ʐ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0290'''</code></code></small>
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|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ɧ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0267'''</code></code></small>
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left" | [[Lateral fricative]]
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|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ɬ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+026C'''</code></code></small>
|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ɮ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+026E'''</code></code></small>
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| {{IPA link|ꞎ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+A78E'''</code></code></small>
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left" | [[Ejective fricative]]
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| {{IPA link|sʼ}} <hr><small><code>U+0073 '''U+02BC'''</code></small>
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| {{IPA|ʃʼ}} <hr><small><code>'''U+0283''' '''U+02BC'''</code></small>
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left" | [[Ejective lateral fricative]]
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| {{IPA link|ɬʼ}} <hr><small><code>'''U+026C''' '''U+02BC'''</code></small>
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left" | [[Percussive consonant|Percussive]]
| colspan=2 | {{IPA|[[bilabial percussive|ʬ]]}} <hr><small><code><code>'''''U+02AC'''''</code></code></small>
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 | {{IPA|[[bidental percussive|ʭ]]}} <hr><small><code><code>'''''U+02AD'''''</code></code></small>
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left" | [[Approximant]]
| {{IPA|β̞̊ }} <hr><small><code>U+03B2 U+031E U+030A</code></small>
| {{IPA link|β̞}} <hr><small><code>U+03B2 U+031E</code></small>
| {{IPA|ʋ̥}} <hr><small><code>'''U+028B''' U+0325</code></small>
|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ʋ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+028B'''</code></code></small>
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| {{IPA link|ð̞}} <hr><small><code>U+00F0 '''U+031E'''</code></small>
| {{IPA|ɹ̥}} <hr><small><code>'''U+0279''' U+0325</code></small>
|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ɹ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0279'''</code></code></small>
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| {{IPA|ɻ̊}} <hr><small><code>'''U+027B''' U+030A</code></small>
| {{IPA link|ɻ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+027B'''</code></code></small>
| {{IPA|ɥ̊}} <hr><small><code>'''U+0265''' U+030A</code></small>
| {{IPA link|ɥ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0265'''</code></code></small>
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left" | [[Lateral approximant]]
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| {{IPA link|l̥}} <hr><small><code>U+006C U+0325</code></small>
|style="background: #e6efe8"| {{IPA link|l}} <hr><small><code><code>U+006C</code></code></small>
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|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ɭ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+026D'''</code></code></small>
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left" | [[Click consonant]]
|style="background: #eae8f0" colspan=2 | {{IPA link|ʘ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''''U+0298'''''</code></code></small>
| colspan=2 | 
| colspan=2 | {{IPA link|ǀ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''''U+01C0'''''</code></code></small>
| colspan=2 | {{IPA link|ǃ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''''U+01C3'''''</code></code></small>
| colspan=2 | {{IPA link|ǃ}} / {{IPA link|ǂ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''''U+01C3'''''</code></code> / <code><code>'''''U+01C2'''''</code></code></small>
| colspan=2 | {{IPA link|𝼊}} <hr><small><code><code>'''''U+1DF0A'''''</code></code></small>
| colspan=2 |
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left" | [[Lateral click]]
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 | [[alveolar lateral click#Another lateral click|*]]
| colspan=2 | {{IPA link|ǁ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''''U+01C1'''''</code></code></small>
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
|}
<!--############################-->
{| class="wikitable" style="white-space: nowrap;"
|-
!
!colspan="2"| [[Alveolo-palatal consonant|Alveolo-palatal]]
! colspan="2"| [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2"| [[Labial-velar consonant|Labial-velar]]
! colspan="2"| [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! colspan="2"| [[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
! colspan="2"| [[Pharyngeal consonant|Pharyngeal]]
! colspan="2"| [[Epiglottal consonant|Epiglottal]]
! colspan="2"| [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left" | [[Plosive]]
|style="background: #e2edef" | {{IPA link|ȶ}} <hr><small><code><code>U+0236</code></code></small>
|style="background: #e2edef" |{{IPA link|ȡ}} <hr><small><code><code>U+0221</code></code></small>
|style="background: #e6efe8"| {{IPA link|c}} <hr><small><code><code>U+0063</code></code></small>
|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ɟ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+025F'''</code></code></small>
| {{IPA link|k͡p}} <hr><small><code>U+006B U+0361 U+0070</code></small>
| {{IPA link|ɡ͡b}} <hr><small><code>U+0261 U+0361 U+0062</code></small>
|style="background: #e6efe8"| {{IPA link|k}} <hr><small><code><code>U+006B</code></code></small>
|style="background: #e6efe8"| {{IPA link|ɡ}} <hr><small><code><code>U+0261</code></code></small>
|style="background: #e6efe8"| {{IPA link|q}} <hr><small><code><code>U+0071</code></code></small>
|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ɢ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0262'''</code></code></small>
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|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ʡ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''''U+02A1'''''</code></code></small>
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|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ʔ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''''U+0294'''''</code></code></small>
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left" | [[Implosive]]
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| style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ʄ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0284'''</code></code></small>
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| style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ɠ}} <hr><small><code><code>U+0260</code></code></small>
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| style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ʛ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+029B'''</code></code></small>
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left" | [[Ejective consonant|Ejective]]
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| {{IPA link|cʼ}} <hr><small><code>U+0063 '''U+02BC'''</code></small>
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| {{IPA link|kʼ}} <hr><small><code>U+006B '''U+02BC'''</code></small>
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| {{IPA link|qʼ}} <hr><small><code>U+0071 '''U+02BC'''</code></small>
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left" | [[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
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|style="background: #e2edef" | {{IPA link|ȵ}} <hr><small><code><code>U+0235</code></code></small>
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|style="background: #eae8f0"|  {{IPA link|ɲ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0272'''</code></code></small>
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| {{IPA link|ŋ͡m}} <hr><small><code>U+014B U+0361 U+006D</code></small>
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|style="background: #e2edef" | {{IPA link|ŋ}} <hr><small><code><code>U+014B</code></code></small>
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|style="background: #eae8f0"|  {{IPA link|ɴ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0274'''</code></code></small>
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left" | [[Trill consonant|Trill]]
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|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ʀ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0280'''</code></code></small>
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| [[epiglottal trill|*]]
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left" | [[Flap consonant|Tap or Flap]]
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| [[epiglottal flap|*]]
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left" | [[Lateral flap]]
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| [[palatal lateral flap|*]]
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| [[velar lateral flap|*]]
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left" | [[Fricative]]
|style="background: #eae8f0"|  {{IPA link|ɕ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0255'''</code></code></small>
|style="background: #eae8f0"|  {{IPA link|ʑ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0291'''</code></code></small>
|style="background: #e2edef"| {{IPA link|ç}} <hr><small><code>U+00E7</code></small>
|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ʝ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+029D'''</code></code></small>
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|style="background: #e6efe8"|  {{IPA link|x}} <hr><small><code><code>U+0078</code></code></small>
|style="background: #eae8f0"|  {{IPA link|ɣ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0263'''</code></code></small>
|style="background: #e6efe8" | {{IPA link|χ}} <hr><small><code><code>U+03C7</code></code></small>
|style="background: #eae8f0"|  {{IPA link|ʁ}} <hr><small><code><code>U+0281</code></code></small>
|style="background: #e2edef" | {{IPA link|ħ}} <hr><small><code><code>U+0127</code></code></small>
|style="background: #eae8f0"|  {{IPA link|ʕ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0295'''</code></code></small>
|style="background: #eae8f0"|  {{IPA link|ʜ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+029C'''</code></code></small>
|style="background: #eae8f0"|  {{IPA link|ʢ}} <hr><small><code><code>U+02A2</code></code></small>
|style="background: #e6efe8"|  {{IPA link|h}} <hr><small><code><code>U+0068</code></code></small>
|style="background: #eae8f0"|  {{IPA link|ɦ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0266'''</code></code></small>
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left" | [[Approximant]]
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|style="background: #e6efe8"| {{IPA link|j}} <hr><small><code><code>U+006A</code></code></small>
|style="background: #eae8f0"| {{IPA link|ʍ}} <hr><small><code><code>U+028D</code></code></small>
|style="background: #e6efe8"| {{IPA link|w}} <hr><small><code><code>U+0077</code></code></small>
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|style="background: #eae8f0"|{{IPA link|ɰ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+0270'''</code></code></small>
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|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! style="text-align: left"   | [[Lateral approximant]]
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|style="background: #e2edef" | {{IPA link|ȴ}} <hr><small><code><code>U+0234</code></code></small>
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|style="background: #eae8f0" | {{IPA link|ʎ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+028E'''</code></code></small>
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|style="background: #eae8f0" | {{IPA link|ʟ}} <hr><small><code><code>'''U+029F'''</code></code></small>
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=== Vowels ===
{{IPA vowels|class=floatright}}
The following figures depict the phonetic vowels and their Unicode / UCS code points, arranged to represent the phonetic [[vowel trapezium]]. Vowels appearing in pairs in the figure to the right indicate rounded and unrounded variations respectively. Again, characters with Unicode names referring to phonemes are indicated by bold text. Those with explicit application notes are indicated by bold italic text. Those from borrowed unchanged from another script (Latin, Greek or Cyrillic) are indicated by italics. Before and after a bullet are the [[Roundedness|unrounded • rounded]] vowels.

{| class="wikitable" style="white-space: nowrap;"
|+ [[Unicode]] code points for [[Vowel|phonetic vowels]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
!
!Front
!
!
!
!
!
!
!Central
!
!
!
!
!
!
!Back
|- style="text-align:center;"
! style="text-align:left;" | [[Close vowel|Close]]
|{{IPA link|i}} • {{IPA link|y}} <hr><small><code>''U+0069''<br>•<br>''U+0079''</code></small>
|
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|{{IPA link|ɨ}} • {{IPA link|ʉ}} <hr><small><code>U+0268<br>•<br>U+0289</code></small>
|
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|
|{{IPA link|ɯ}} • {{IPA link|u}} <hr><small><code>U+026F<br>•<br>''U+0075''</code></small>
|- style="text-align:center;"
! style="text-align:left;"| [[Near-close vowel|Near-close]]
|
|
|{{IPA link|ɪ}} • {{IPA link|ʏ}} <hr><small><code>U+026A<br>•<br>U+028F</code></small>
|
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|{{IPA link|ɪ̈  }} • {{IPA link|ʊ̈ }} <hr><small><code>U+026A U+0308<br>•<br>U+028A U+0308</code></small>
|
|
|
|
|{{IPA| • [[Near-close near-back rounded vowel|ʊ]]}} <hr><small><code><code>&nbsp;<br>•<br>U+028A</code></code></small>
|
|- style="text-align:center;"
! style="text-align:left;"| [[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
|
|{{IPA link|e}} • {{IPA link|ø}} <hr><small><code>U+0065<br>•<br>U+00F8</code></small>
|
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|{{IPA link|ɘ}} • {{IPA link|ɵ}} <hr><small><code>U+0258<br>•<br>U+0275</code></small>
|
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|
|
|{{IPA link|ɤ}} • {{IPA link|o}} <hr><small><code>U+0264<br>•<br>U+006F</code></small>
|- style="text-align:center;"
! style="text-align:left;"| [[Mid vowel|Mid]]
|
|
|
|{{IPA link|e̞}} • {{IPA link|ø̞}} <hr><small><code>U+0065 U+031E<br>•<br>U+00F8 U+031E</code></small>
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|{{IPA link|ə}} <hr><small><code><code>&nbsp;<br>U+0259<br>&nbsp;</code></code></small>
|
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|
|{{IPA link|ɤ̞}} • {{IPA link|o̞}} <hr><small><code>U+0264 U+031E<br>•<br>U+006F U+031E</code></small>
|- style="text-align:center;"
! style="text-align:left;"| [[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
|
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|
|{{IPA link|ɛ}} • {{IPA link|œ}} <hr><small><code>U+025B<br>•<br>U+0153</code></small>
|
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|{{IPA link|ɜ}} • {{IPA link|ɞ}} <hr><small><code>U+025C<br>•<br>U+025E</code></small>
|
|
|{{IPA link|ʌ}} • {{IPA link|ɔ}} <hr><small><code>U+028C<br>•<br>U+0254</code></small>
|- style="text-align:center;"
! style="text-align:left;"| [[Near-open vowel|Near-open]]
|
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|
|{{IPA link|æ}} •  <hr><small><code>U+00E6<br>•<br>&nbsp;</code></small>
|
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|
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|{{IPA link|ɐ}} <hr><small><code>&nbsp;<br>U+0250<br>&nbsp;</code></small>
|
|
|- style="text-align:center;"
! style="text-align:left;"| [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
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|{{IPA link|a}} • {{IPA link|ɶ}} <hr><small><code>U+0061<br>•<br>U+0276</code></small>
|
|
|
|{{IPA link|ä}} • <hr><small><code>U+0061 U+0308<br>•<br>&nbsp;</code></small>
|
|
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|{{IPA link|ɑ}} • {{IPA link|ɒ}} <hr><small><code>U+0251<br>•<br>U+0252</code></small>
|}

=== Diacritics ===
Diacritics may be encoded as either [[Spacing Modifier Letters|modifier]] (e.g. ˳) or [[Combining Diacritical Marks|combining]] (e.g.  <span style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5em;">◌̥</span>) characters.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; white-space: nowrap;"
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Voiceless
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Breathy Voiced
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Dental
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Syllabic
|-
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">˳</span> • <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">◌̥</span><hr><small><code>U+02F3 • U+0325</code></small>
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">◌̤</span><hr><small><code>U+0324</code></small>
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">◌͏̪</span><hr><small><code>U+032A</code></small>
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">ˌ</span> • <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">◌̩</span><hr><small><code>U+02CC • U+0329</code></small>
|-
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Voiced
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Creaky Voiced
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Apical
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Non-syllabic
|-
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">ˬ</span> • <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">◌̬</span><hr><small><code>U+02EC • U+032C</code></small>
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">˷</span> • <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">◌̰</span><hr><small><code>U+02F7 • U+0330</code></small>
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">˽</span> • <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">◌̺</span><hr><small><code>U+02FD • U+033A</code></small>
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">◌͏̯</span><hr><small><code>U+032F</code></small>
|-
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Aspirated
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Linguolabial
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Laminal
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | More Rounded
|-
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em;">ʰ</span><hr><small><code>U+02B0</code></small>
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">◌͏̼</span><hr><small><code>U+033C</code></small>
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">◌͏̻</span><hr><small><code>U+033B</code></small>
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">˒</span> • <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">◌̹</span><hr><small><code>U+02D2 • U+0339</code></small>
|-
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Labialized
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Nasalized
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Palatalized
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Less Rounded
|-
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em;">ʷ</span><hr><small><code>U+02B7</code></small>
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">◌̃</span><hr><small><code>U+0303</code></small>
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em;">ʲ</span><hr><small><code>U+02B2</code></small>
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">˓</span> • <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">◌̜</span><hr><small><code>U+02D3 • U+031C</code></small>
|-
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Advanced
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Nasal release
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Centralized
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Velarized
|-
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">˖</span> • <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">◌̟</span><hr><small><code>U+02D6 • U+031F</code></small>
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em;">ⁿ</span><hr><small><code>U+207F</code></small>
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">¨</span> • <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">◌̈</span><hr><small><code>U+00A8{{ref label|centralized_tag|1}} • U+0308</code></small>
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em;">ˠ</span><hr><small><code>U+02E0</code></small>
|-
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Retracted
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Lateral release
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Mid-Centralized
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Pharyngealized
|-
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">˗</span> • <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">◌̠</span><hr><small><code>U+02D7 • U+0320</code></small>
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em;">ˡ</span><hr><small><code>U+02E1</code></small>
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">˟</span> • <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">◌̽</span><hr><small><code>U+02DF • U+033D</code></small>
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em;">ˤ</span><hr><small><code>U+02E4</code></small>
|-
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Advanced Tongue Root
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | No audible release
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Raised
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Velarized or Pharyngealized
|-
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">꭪</span> • <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">◌̘</span><hr><small><code>U+AB6A • U+0318</code></small>
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">˺</span> • <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">◌̚</span><hr><small><code>U+02FA • U+031A</code></small>
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">˔</span> • <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">◌̝</span><hr><small><code>U+02D4 • U+031D</code></small>
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">◌̴</span><hr><small><code>U+0334</code></small>
|-
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Retracted Tongue Root
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Rhoticity
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | Lowered
! style="text-align: left; min-width: 15em;" | [[Vowel length|Lengthened]]
|-
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">꭫</span> • <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">◌̙</span><hr><small><code>U+AB6B • U+0319</code></small>
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em;">˞</span><hr><small><code>U+02DE</code></small>
| style="min-width: 5em;" | <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">˕</span> • <span style="font-size: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif;">◌̞</span><hr><small><code>U+02D5 • U+031E</code></small>
| style="min-width: 5em;" | '''[[Length (phonetics)|ː]]''' <hr><small><code>U+02D0</code></small>
|-
| colspan="12" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small;text-align:left" | '''Notes'''
:1.{{note|centralized_tag}}The codepoint refers to [[diaeresis (diacritic)|diaeresis]], which takes up space but is not a [[Spacing Modifier Letters|Spacing Modifier Letter]].
|}

==<span class="anchor" id="Unicode list"></span>Unicode blocks==
* [[Basic Latin (Unicode block)|Basic Latin]] (0020–007E), [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] example: [[Palatal approximant]] (006A)
* [[Latin-1 Supplement]] (0080–00FF), [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] example: [[Voiceless palatal fricative]] (00E7)
* [[Latin Extended-A]] (0100–017F), [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] example: [[Velar nasal]] (014B)
* [[Latin Extended-B]] (0180–024F), [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] example: [[Tenuis dental click]] (01C0 0287)
* [[IPA Extensions]] (0250–02AF), [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] example: [[Voiced retroflex fricative]] (0290)
* [[Spacing Modifier Letters]] (02B0–02FF), [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] example: [[Palatal ejective]] (0063 02BC)
* [[Combining Diacritical Marks]] (0300–036F), [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] example: [[Voiceless bilabial nasal]] (006D 0325)
* [[Greek and Coptic]] (0370–03FF), [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] example: [[Voiceless dental fricative]] (03B8)
* [[Combining Diacritical Marks Extended]] (1AB0–1AFF), [[extIPA]] examples: combining parentheses
* [[Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement]] (1DC0–1DFF), [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] example: Rising-falling contour tone (1DC8)
* [[General Punctuation]] (2000–206F), [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] example: [[Tie (typography)#Undertie|Linking (absence of a break)]] (203F)
* [[Superscripts and Subscripts]] (2070–209F), [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] example: [[Nasal release]] (207F)
* [[Arrows (Unicode block)|Arrows]] (2190–21FF), [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] example: [[Intonation (linguistics)|Global rise]] (2197)
* [[Latin Extended-C]] (2C60–2C7F), [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] example: [[Labiodental flap]] (2C71)
* [[Modifier Tone Letters]] (A700–A71F), [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] example: [[Upstep]] (A71B)
* [[Phonetic Extensions]] (1D00–1D7F)
* [[Phonetic Extensions Supplement]] (1D80–1DBF)
* [[Latin Extended-D]] (A720–A7FF), [[extIPA]] example: [[Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative]] (A78E)
* [[Latin Extended-E]] (AB30–AB6F), [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] example: [[Voiceless retroflex affricate]] ligature (AB67)
* [[Latin Extended-F]] (10780–107BF)
* [[Latin Extended-G]] (1DF00–1DFFF), [[extIPA]] example: [[Voiceless palatal lateral fricative]] (1DF06)

==Unicode blocks with many phonetic symbols==
Six [[Unicode block]]s contain many phonetic symbols:

===IPA Extensions (U+0250–02AF)===

{{Distinguish|Extensions to the IPA}}
{{Main|IPA Extensions (Unicode block)}}
{{Unicode chart IPA Extensions}}

===Spacing Modifier Letters (U+02B0–02FF)===

The characters in the "Spacing Modifier Letters" block are intended as forming a unity with the preceding letter (which they "modify"). E.g. the character {{unichar|02B0|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H}} isn't intended simply as a superscript ''h'' (<sup>h</sup>), but as the mark of aspiration placed after the letter being aspirated, as in {{IPA|pʰ}} "[[Aspiration (phonetics)|aspirated]] [[voiceless bilabial plosive]]". The block contains:
*Latin superscript modifier letters: (U+02B0&ndash;U+02B8):  ʰ aspiration;	ʱ breathy voice, murmured;	ʲ palatalization;	ʳ, 	ʴ, ʵ, ʶ r-coloring or r-offglides; 	ʷ labialization;	ʸ palatalization, [[Americanist phonetic notation|Americanist]] usage for U+02B2
*Miscellaneous phonetic modifiers: (U+02B9&ndash;U+02D7): ʹ 	ʺ 	ʻ 	ʼ 	ʽ 	ʾ 	ʿ 	ˀ 	ˁ 	˂ 	˃ 	˄ 	˅ 	ˆ 	ˇ 	ˈ 	ˉ 	ˊ 	ˋ 	ˌ 	ˍ 	ˎ 	ˏ 	ː 	ˑ 	˒ 	˓ 	˔ 	˕ 	˖ 	˗ 	
*Spacing clones of diacritics: (U+02D8&ndash;U+02DD): ˘ [[breve]]; 	˙ [[dot above]];	˚ [[ring above]];	˛ [[ogonek]];	˜ [[tilde|small tilde]];	˝ [[double acute accent]]	
*Additions based on 1989 IPA: (U+02DE&ndash;U+02E4): ˞ 	 ˟ 	ˠ 	ˡ 	ˢ 	ˣ 	ˤ 	
*[[Tone letter]]s: (U+02E5&ndash;U+02E9): ˥ 	˦ 	˧ 	˨ 	˩ 	
*Extended [[Bopomofo]] tone marks: {{unichar|02EA|modifier letter yin departing tone mark}}; {{unichar|02EB|modifier letter yang departing tone mark}}
*IPA modifiers: {{unichar|02EC|MODIFIER LETTER VOICING}}, unaspirated 	
*Other modifier letters: {{unichar|02EE|modifier letter double apostrophe|nlink=Modifier letter double apostrophe}} for [[Nenets languages|Nenets]]
*[[Uralic Phonetic Alphabet]] (UPA) modifiers: (U+02EF&ndash;U+02FF): 	˯	˰ 	˱ 	˲ 	˳ 	˴ 	˵ 	˶ 	˷ 	˸ 	˹ 	˺ 	˻ 	˼ 	˽ 	˾ 	˿
{{Unicode chart Spacing Modifier Letters}}

===Phonetic Extensions (U+1D00–1D7F)===

This block, together with Phonetic Extensions Supplement below, contains:
* Small capitals "ɢ ɪ ɴ ɶ ʀ ʏ ʙ ʜ ʟ"
* Turned small letters "ɐ ɥ ɯ ɹ ɺ ɻ ʇ ʌ ʍ ʎ ʞ ʮ ʯ"
* Extra small capitals "ʁ ʛ ᴀ ᴁ ᴃ ᴄ ᴅ ᴆ ᴇ ᴊ ᴋ ᴌ ᴍ ᴎ ᴏ ᴐ ᴘ ᴙ ᴚ ᴛ ᴜ ᴠ ᴡ ᴢ ᴣ ᴦ ᴧ ᴨ ᴩ ᴪ"
* Letters with palatal hooks "ƫ ᶀ ᶁ ᶂ ᶃ ᶄ ᶅ ᶆ ᶇ ᶈ ᶉ ᶊ ᶋ ᶌ ᶍ ᶎ ᶪ ᶵ"
* Letters with retroflex hooks "ᶏ ᶐ ᶒ ᶓ ᶔ ᶕ ᶖ ᶗ ᶘ ᶙ ᶚ ᶩ ᶯ ᶼ"
{{Unicode chart Phonetic Extensions}}

===Phonetic Extensions Supplement (U+1D80–1DBF)===

{{Unicode chart Phonetic Extensions Supplement}}

===Modifier Tone Letters (U+A700–A71F)===

{{Unicode chart Modifier Tone Letters}}

===Superscripts and Subscripts (U+2070–209F)===

{{Unicode chart Superscripts and Subscripts}}

==Font support for IPA==
{{main|International Phonetic Alphabet#Computer support}}

== Input by selection from a screen==
{{Further|Unicode input#Selection from a screen}}
[[File:Gucharmap screenshot.png|thumb|300px|Applet for character selection]]

Many systems provide a way to select Unicode characters visually. [[ISO/IEC 14755]] refers to this as a ''screen-selection entry method''.

[[Microsoft Windows]] has provided a Unicode version of the Character Map program (find it by hitting {{keypress|Win|R}} then type <code>charmap</code> then hit {{keypress|Enter}}) since version NT&nbsp;4.0&nbsp;– appearing in the consumer edition since XP. This is limited to characters in the [[Basic Multilingual Plane]] (BMP). Characters are searchable by Unicode character name, and the table can be limited to a particular code block. More advanced third-party tools of the same type are also available (a notable [[freeware]] example is [[Andrew West (linguist)#BabelMap|BabelMap]]).

[[Mac OS X|macOS]] provides a "character palette" with much the same functionality, along with searching by related characters, glyph tables in a font, etc. It can be enabled in the input menu in the menu bar under System Preferences → International → Input Menu (or System Preferences → Language and Text → Input Sources) or can be viewed under Edit → Emoji & Symbols in many programs.

Equivalent tools&nbsp;– such as [[gucharmap]] ([[GNOME]]) or [[List of KDE applications|kcharselect]] ([[KDE]])&nbsp;– exist on most Linux desktop environments.

==See also==
*[[Unicode symbols]]
*[[Universal Character Set characters]]
*[[Latin script in Unicode]]
*[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://unicode.org/charts/#PhoneticSymbols Links to PDFs of Unicode codes for several phonetic symbol sets]

{{Unicode navigation}}
{{IPA navigation}}

[[Category:Phonetics|Unicode]]
[[Category:Unicode blocks|*]]