View source for Philippa Marrack

{{short description|English biologist and immunologist based in the US}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name              = Philippa Marrack
| image             = Philippa Marrack 1992 - National Jewish Health.jpg
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| birth_date        = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1945|06|28}}
| birth_place       = [[Ewell]], England
| death_date        = <!-- {{Death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date) -->
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| resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} -->
| residence         = 
| citizenship       = 
| nationality       = 
| fields            = [[Immunology]]
| workplaces        = [[University of California, San Diego]]<br>[[University of Rochester]]<br>[[National Jewish Medical and Research Center|National Jewish Health]]<br>[[University of Colorado Denver]]<br>[[HHMI]]<br>[[MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology]]
| alma_mater        = [[New Hall, Cambridge]] ([[University of Cambridge]]) (M.A., Ph.D)
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| doctoral_advisor  = [[Alan Munro (immunologist)|Alan Munro]]
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| notable_students  = 
| known_for         = discovery of [[T cell receptor]], discovery of [[superantigens]], [[T cells]], [[autoimmune disease]]
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| influences        = 
| influenced        = 
| awards            = [[National Academy of Sciences|Member, National Academy of Sciences]] (1989)<br />[[Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]] (1995)<br />[[Dickson Prize]] (1996)<br/ >[[Royal Society|Fellow, Royal Society]] (1997)<br>
[[L'Oréal-UNESCO Award for Women in Science]] (2004)<br />[[National Women's Hall of Fame]] (2015)<br> [[Wolf Prize in Medicine]] (2015)
| signature         = <!--(filename only)-->
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| website           = [https://www.nationaljewish.org/research-science/programs-depts/biomedical-research/labs/kappler-marrack-research-lab/kmlab KM lab website]
| footnotes         = 
| spouse            = [[John W. Kappler]]
| other_names       = Pippa Marrack
}}
'''Philippa Marrack,''' [[Royal Society|FRS]] (born 28 June 1945) is an English [[Immunology|immunologist]] and academic, based in the United States, best known for her research and discoveries pertaining to [[T cell]]s. Marrack is the Ida and Cecil Green Professor and chair of the Department of Biomedical Research at [[National Jewish Health]] and a distinguished professor of immunology and microbiology at the [[University of Colorado Denver]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Williams|first=Brien|date=August 29, 2012|title=Oral History Project|url=https://www.aai.org/About/History/Past-Presidents-and-Officers/PhilippaMarrack|access-date= November 2, 2020|website=The American Association of Immunologists}}</ref>

==Biography==
Marrack was born in [[Ewell]], England on 28 June 1945.<ref>{{cite book|last=Yount|first=Lisa|title=A to Z of Women in Science and Math|year=2007|publisher=Infobase Pub.|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4381-0795-0|page=191|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=428i2UdWRRAC&pg=PA191 |edition=Rev.|chapter=Marrack, Philippa}}</ref><ref name="marquis">{{cite book |editor1-last=Marquis Who's Who |title=Marquis Who's Who |date=2016 |publisher=Marquis Who's Who LLC |edition=33rd |entry=Marrack, Philippa Charlotte}}</ref> Born in England, she maintains her British and American citizenship currently.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Emrich|first=John|date=2013|title=The American Association of Immunologists Oral History Project Transcript|url=https://www.aai.org/AAISite/media/About/History/OHP/Transcripts/Trans-Inv_012-Marrack_Philippa-2012_Final.pdf|access-date= November 2, 2020|website=The American Association of Immunologists}}</ref> Marrack's father served in the Royal Navy, so her family moved frequently throughout her childhood. Marrack notes that the longest she lived in one place during her early years was in Cambridge where she began pursuing her undergraduate degree.<ref name=":2" /> After attending [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge University]], Marrack moved to the United States to complete postdoctoral work and research. In the United States she met her lifelong partner and husband, [[John Kappler|John W. Kappler.]] They have completed much research and accomplished many advancements in the fields of immunology, biochemistry, and molecular biology.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Philippa Marrack, PhD|url=https://www.cogreatwomen.org/project/philippa-marrack-phd/|access-date=2020-11-02|website=Colorado Women's Hall of Fame|language=en-US}}</ref> Marrack and Kappler have two children together.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Marrack, Philippa (1945–) Encyclopedia.com|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/marrack-philippa-1945|access-date=2020-11-02|website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Outside of science, Philippa Marrack enjoys playing the piano, as well as running along the Platte River with her Labradors.<ref name=":2" />

== Education ==
Marrack completed both undergraduate (1967) and Ph.D. (1970) at Cambridge University in [[New Hall, Cambridge]]. During her Ph.D., Marrack worked at the [[Cambridge MRC|MRC]] [[Laboratory of Molecular Biology]] with [[Alan Munro (immunologist)|Alan Munro]], where she began to study the differences between [[T cell]]s and [[B cell]]s. Alan Munro became her thesis advisor; she became the graduate student that worked with him due to his interest in working with a relative of John Marrack. [[John Marrack]] was Philippa Marrack's grandfather's brother, and a very well-known immunologist in the 1930s. Marrack notes that he indirectly influenced her to pursue the study of immunology.<ref name=":2" />

Marrack then moved to La Jolla, San Diego with her first husband and completed postdoctoral work with Richard Dutton at the [[University of California, San Diego]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=About NJ - Physician, Researcher or Clinician Detail - Philippa Marrack FRS, PhD - National Jewish Medical and Research Center|url=http://atopicderm.org/about/phys-fac/detail.aspx?doctorID=135|access-date=2020-11-02|website=atopicderm.org}}</ref> She credits Dutton as having a tremendous impact on her career during her fellowship, as he taught her how to write, lecture, and run a lab, as well as how to think critically.<ref name=":2" />

== Career ==
Marrack met her lifelong partner and current husband, [[John W. Kappler]], as a postdoctoral fellow at the [[University of California, San Diego]]. Her first faculty position was at the [[University of Rochester]], where she taught an undergraduate immunology course.<ref name=":4" /> The pair launched a joint lab at the [[University of Rochester]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Powell|first=Kendall|date=2004-12-01|title=Profile: Philippa Marrack|journal=Nature Medicine |language=en|volume=10|issue=12|pages=1270|doi=10.1038/nm1204-1270|pmid=15580239|s2cid=43191184|issn=1546-170X|doi-access=free}}</ref> At the same time, she received independent funding from the [[American Heart Association]] and [[American Cancer Society]] to study T cells. Marrack obtained an associate professorship at the University of Rochester, followed by faculty positions at the [[National Jewish Medical and Research Center|National Jewish Health]], Denver, Colorado and the [[University of Colorado Denver]]. She was also a [[Howard Hughes Medical Institute]] investigator.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aai.org/About/History/Past-Presidents-and-Officers/PhilippaMarrack|title=Philippa Marrack, Ph.D.|website=American Association of Immunologists|access-date=29 January 2020}}</ref> Throughout her career, Marrack has published over 300 peer-reviewed journal articles. Her numerous citations and journal articles places her as the third most influential researcher in the nation and distinguishes her as top female researcher.<ref name=":3" />

== Research interests ==
In 1983 while working in the labs at the National Jewish Health in Denver, Colorado, Philippa Marrack and her husband and research partner, John Kappler, discovered and isolated the T cell receptor, together with Ellis Reinherz and [[James P. Allison|James Allison]]. Resulting from this research, in 1987 Marrack discovered how the immune system is capable of molecular discrimination, as the human body can get rid of T cells that target the body's own tissues, destroying them in the [[thymus]] before they have a chance to cause problems, yet the body retains the cells that combat invaders. She learned that destructive cells that fail to be destroyed can cause [[autoimmune disease]]s like [[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]], [[diabetes]], [[Multiple sclerosis]], and [[lupus]]. This foundational work on immunological tolerance by Marrack and Kappler led to their later discovery in 1990 of [[superantigen]]s: powerful toxins that stimulate a large amounts of T-cell proliferation and can cause devastating immune response and violent symptoms such as those seen in [[toxic shock syndrome]] or [[Foodborne illness|food poisoning]].<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Philippa Marrack|url=https://www.rockefeller.edu/greengard-prize/recipients/marrack/|access-date=2020-11-02|website=Greengard Prize|language=en}}</ref> Marrack's current research projects focus on why certain autoimmune diseases, like lupus or Multiple sclerosis, are more prevalent in women than in men. Marrack and Kappler have recently discovered a population of [[B cell]]s that may account for some of this observation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Marrack, Philippa|url=https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/philippa-marrack/|access-date=2020-11-02|website=National Women’s Hall of Fame|language=en-US}}</ref> Her pioneering and revolutionary work isolating the T-cell receptor and describing how T cells protect against infection, drive autoimmune and allergic diseases, and play a possible role in rejection of cancers, has contributed greatly to the current understanding of vaccines, HIV, and immune disorders in the medical field.

== Professional activities ==
Marrack has served on editorial boards and many scientific journals including [[Cell Journal|Cell]], [[Science (journal)|Science]], and the [[Journal of Immunology]]. She has also served on various boards and panels for the [[American Cancer Society]], the [[National Institutes of Health]], and the [[Burroughs Wellcome Fund|Burroughs Welcome Fund]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Philippa Marrack to Be Honored for Lifetime Achievement in Immunology : Denver Nursing Star|url=http://www.denvernursingstar.com/newsletter/newsletter_view.asp?newsid=526&catid=73&active=0&mode=current|access-date=2020-11-02|website=www.denvernursingstar.com}}</ref> From 1986 to 2017, Marrack was a [[Howard Hughes Medical Institute]] investigator. From 1995 to 2002, Marrack served on the American Association of Immunologists Council and served as president of the [[American Association of Immunologists]] (AAI) from 2000 to 2001.<ref name=":0" /> She has been a member of the [[National Academy of Sciences]] in the United States since 1989 and a Fellow of the [[Royal Society]] in Great Britain since 1997. She is also the current Ida and Cecil Green professor and chair of the Department of Biomedical Research at [[National Jewish Health]] and a distinguished professor at the [[University of Colorado Denver]]. She joined the faculties of National Jewish Health and the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center in 1979.

==Honors and awards==
* 1990 – [[Feodor Lynen|Feodor Lynen Medal]] for Special Achievement and Distinguished Service<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ward |first1=Lauren |title=Immunologist Marrack to give Dyer Lecture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iJePan1ei-UC&pg=RA6-PA4 |access-date=27 March 2020 |work=The NIH Record |agency=National Institutes of Health |issue=XLIV(7) |date=31 March 1992 |ref=NIH |pages=1–2}}</ref><ref name="marquis" />
* 1990 – Royal Society [[Wellcome Foundation Prize]]<ref name="njmrc">{{cite web |last1=Allstetter |first1=William |title=Philippa Marrack to Be Honored for Lifetime Achievement in Immunology |url=http://atopicderm.org/news/marrack_aai_lifetime.html |website=atopicderm.org |publisher=National Jewish Medical & Research Center |access-date=27 March 2020 |date=4 May 2003}}</ref>
* 1991 – Elected to the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/philippa-marrack |title=Philippa Marrack |publisher= American Academy of Arts and Sciences |access-date=3 May 2019}}</ref>
* 1992 – The [[Ernst Bertner|Ernst W. Bertner Memorial Award]] (MD Anderson Cancer Center)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www3.mdanderson.org/~resrep/awards.htm|title=M. D. Anderson Cancer Center - Current Research/Awards|website=www3.mdanderson.org|access-date=24 November 2019}}</ref>
* 1993 – Cancer Research Institute [[William B. Coley Award]]<ref>{{cite web |title=William B. Coley Award |url=https://www.cancerresearch.org/about-cri/awards-honors/william-b-coley-award |website=Cancer Research Institute |access-date=27 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* 1993 – [[Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize]]<ref>{{Cite journal|date=March 1993|title=Announcement|journal=Immunology|volume=78|issue=3 |pages=511|via=EBSCO Academic Search Complete}}</ref>
* 1994 – [[Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]] ([[Columbia University]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/research/louisa-gross-horwitz-prize/horwitz-prize-awardees|title=Horwitz Prize Awardees|date=20 June 2018|website=Columbia University Irving Medical Center|language=en|access-date=24 November 2019}}</ref><ref name="njmrc" />
*1995 – Behring-Heidelberger Lecture Award<ref name=":0" />
*1995 – [[FASEB Excellence in Science Award]]<ref name=":0" />
*1995 – The Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize (Columbia University)
*1996 – [[Dickson Prize]] in Medicine (University of Pittsburgh)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dicksonprize.pitt.edu/recipients/2018-bassler.php|title=Bonnie Bassler, PhD|website=www.dicksonprize.pitt.edu|access-date=24 November 2019}}</ref>
*1996 – Honorary Doctorate of Sciences, Macalester College
*1998 – The Rabbi Shai Shacknai Memorial Prize<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lautenbergcenter.org/the-lautenberg-center/shai-shaknai-award/|title=The Rabbi Shai Shaknai Award - מרכז לאוטנברג לאימונולוגיה וחקר הסרטן {{!}} Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer research|website=מרכז לאוטנברג לאימונולוגיה וחקר הסרטן {{!}} Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer research|language=en-GB|access-date=24 November 2019}}</ref>
*1999 – Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Award
*1999 – [[Howard Taylor Ricketts|Howard Taylor Ricketts Prize]] (University of Chicago)
*2000 – Lifetime Achievement Award, American Association of Immunologists
*2001 – Irvington Institute Scientific Leadership Award in Immunology
*2002 – Member, [[Academy of Medical Sciences (United Kingdom)|The Academy of Medical Sciences]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://acmedsci.ac.uk/fellows/fellows-directory/ordinary-fellows/fellow/Dr-Philippa-Marrack-0006052|title=Dr Philippa Marrack The Academy of Medical Sciences|website=acmedsci.ac.uk|access-date=24 November 2019}}</ref>
* 2003 – [[American Association of Immunologists Lifetime Achievement Award]]<ref>[http://www.nationaljewish.org/news/y2003/marrack-aai-lifetime.aspx "Philippa Marack To Be Honored for Lifetime Achievement in Immunology"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207124228/http://www.nationaljewish.org/news/y2003/marrack-aai-lifetime.aspx |date=7 February 2008 }}, 4 May 2003.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aai.org/Awards/award_history.htm|title=AAI Award History|website=aai.org|access-date=24 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115025258/http://www.aai.org/awards/award_history.htm|archive-date=15 November 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*2003 – Faculty Ambassador Award, National Jewish Health
*2004 – Bonfils Stanton Award for Science<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bonfils-stantonfoundation.org/leadership/annual-awards-program/past-honorees/|title=Past Honorees|last=sean|website=Bonfils-Stanton Foundation|date=27 April 2015 |language=en-US|access-date=24 November 2019}}</ref>
* 2004 – [[L'Oreal UNESCO Women in Science Award]]
*2004 – National Jewish Health Abraham J. Kauvar Presidential Award<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=Marrack|first=Philippa|title=Philippa Marrack, PhD, FRS|url=https://www.nationaljewish.org/doctors-departments/providers/researchers/philippa-marrack|access-date=2 November 2020|website=National Jewish Health|archive-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107134628/https://www.nationaljewish.org/doctors-departments/providers/researchers/philippa-marrack|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*2004 – University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Mentoring Award<ref name=":5" />
*2005 – [[Pearl Meister Greengard Prize]]<ref>[http://newswire.rockefeller.edu/?id=426&page=engine Immunologist "Philippa Marrack to Receive Rockefeller University's Pearl Meister Greengard Prize"], 2 November 2005.</ref>
*2006 – {{ill|Avery-Landsteiner Prize|de|Deutscher Immunologie-Preis}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dgfi.org/preise/deutscher-immunologiepreis/|title=Deutscher Immunologiepreis|date=21 February 2018 |language=de-DE|access-date=24 November 2019}}</ref>
*2008 – Elected member, [[National Academy of Medicine]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nam.edu/member/?member_id=FiGtmFAk5vAPfGDH00lh4g%3D%3D|title=Member Directory - Philippa Marrack, Ph.D.|website=National Academy of Medicine}}</ref>
* 2010 – Inducted into the [[Colorado Women's Hall of Fame]]<ref>[https://www.cogreatwomen.org/project/philippa-marrack-phd/ Colorado Women's Hall of Fame, Philippa Marrack, PhD]</ref>
* 2015 – [[Wolf Prize in Medicine]]<ref name="Siegel-Itzkovich">{{cite news|last1=Siegel-Itzkovich|first1=Judy|title=Wolf Prizes in the sciences and arts presented to nine North Americans|url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Health/Wolf-Prizes-in-the-sciences-and-arts-presented-to-nine-North-Americans-389466|access-date=5 May 2016|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=29 January 2015}}</ref>
* 2015 – Inducted into the [[National Women's Hall of Fame]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Marisa Zeppieri-Caruana |url=http://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2015/10/03/womens-national-hall-of-fame-seneca-falls-2015/73236506/ |title=10 women honored at Hall of Fame induction |publisher=Democratandchronicle.com |access-date=4 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=National Women's Hall of Fame |url=https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/philippa-marrack/ |title=Marrack, Philippa – National Women's Hall of Fame |publisher=womenofthehall.org |access-date=13 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/philippa-marrack/|title=Marrack, Philippa|website=National Women’s Hall of Fame|language=en-US|access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref>
*2016 – [[Novartis Prizes for Immunology|Novartis Prize for Basic Immunology]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.novartis.com/news/media-releases/six-leading-scientists-receive-prestigious-novartis-prizes-immunology-16th-international-congress-immunology|title=Six leading scientists to receive prestigious Novartis Prizes for Immunology at 16th International Congress of Immunology|website=Novartis|language=en|access-date=24 November 2019}}</ref>
*2019 – [[Clarivate Citation Laureates|Clarivate Citation Laureate]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://clarivate.com/webofsciencegroup/solutions/citation-laureates/|title=Researchers of Nobel class: Citation Laureates 2019|website=Web of Science Group|language=en-US|access-date=24 November 2019}}</ref>
*2024 - Recipient of an honorary degree from [[Rockefeller University]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Philippa Marrack, Ph.D., F.R.S., FMedSci RECIPIENT OF THE HONORARY DEGRE |url=https://www.rockefeller.edu/events-and-lectures/convocation-noslideshow/philippa-marrack/ |access-date=7 July 2024 |publisher=The Rockefeller University |date=29 April 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{Scholia}}
* [http://www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/marrack.html HHMI Profile of work] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003145322/http://www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/marrack.html |date=3 October 2012 }}
* [http://www.hhmi.org/becoming/marrack.html "Becoming a Scientist"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710025541/http://www.hhmi.org/becoming/marrack.html |date=10 July 2010 }}, Philippa Marrack, HHMI
* Christine Bahls, "Philippa Marrack", 'The Scientist' v.18, n.6, p.&nbsp;13 (2004).
* "Profile: Philippa Marrack", ''Nature Medicine'', v.10, n.12.
*Oral History of Philippa Marrack, Ph.D. (AAI ‘74, president 2000–2001), https://vimeo.com/64907450

==External links==
* [https://www.nationaljewish.org/research-science/programs-depts/biomedical-research/labs/kappler-marrack-research-lab/kmlab KM lab website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214102357/https://www.nationaljewish.org/research-science/programs-depts/biomedical-research/labs/kappler-marrack-research-lab/kmlab |date=14 February 2017 }}

{{Colorado Women's Hall of Fame}}
{{National Women's Hall of Fame}}
{{Wolf Prize in Medicine}}
{{FRS 1997}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marrack, Philippa}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science laureates]]
[[Category:21st-century American women scientists]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:People from Ewell]]
[[Category:Howard Hughes Medical Investigators]]
[[Category:British immunologists]]
[[Category:American immunologists]]
[[Category:Women immunologists]]
[[Category:British women biologists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Female fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:English expatriates in the United States]]
[[Category:Alumni of New Hall, Cambridge]]
[[Category:University of San Diego alumni]]
[[Category:University of Rochester faculty]]
[[Category:University of Colorado Denver faculty]]
[[Category:University of Denver faculty]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:American women academics]]
[[Category:Members of the National Academy of Medicine]]