View source for Philip II, Latin Emperor

{{Short description|Titular Latin Emperor from 1313 to 1331}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name        = Philip II
| title       = Prince of Taranto<br>Prince of Achaea<br>King of Albania<br>Despot of Romania<br>Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans
| image       = Filippo-dangio.jpg
| image_size  = 240px
| caption     = Philip in the Battle of Montecatini (1315)
|succession = [[Latin Emperor of Constantinople]] {{nobold|{{small|(''[[jure uxoris]]'')}}}}
|reign = 1313–1331
|predecessor=[[Catherine II, Latin Empress|Catherine II]]
|successor=Catherine II
|regent = Catherine II
|reg-type = Co-ruler
|succession2 = [[Kingdom of Albania (medieval)|King of Albania]] 
|reign2 = 13 August 1294 – 1331
|predecessor2=[[Charles II of Naples|Charles II]] 
|successor2=[[Robert II, Latin Emperor|Robert]] 
| spouses     = {{ubl|[[Thamar Angelina Komnene]]|[[Catherine II, Latin Empress]]}}
| issue       = {{plainlist|
* [[Charles of Taranto|Charles, Vicar of Romania]]
* [[Jeanne of Anjou|Jeanne, Queen of Armenia]]
* [[Philip, Despot of Romania]]
* Maria, Abbess of Conversano
* Beatrice, Countess of Brienne
* Bianca, Infanta of Aragon
* Margaret, Duchess of Andria
* [[Robert II, Latin Emperor]]
* [[Louis I, King of Naples]]
* [[Philip III, Latin Emperor]]}}
| house       = [[Capetian House of Anjou|Anjou-Sicily]]<br />[[Capetian House of Anjou|Anjou-Taranto]] <small>(founder)</small>
| father      = [[Charles II of Naples]]
| mother      = [[Maria of Hungary (1257–1323)|Maria of Hungary]]
| birth_date  = 10 November 1278
| death_date  = 1331/2{{sfn|Shawcross|2009|p=45}}
| death_place =
|}}
'''Philip II''' (10 November 1278 – 26{{Sfn|Tsougarakis|Lock|2014|p=428}}{{sfn|Todt|1993|p=2065}}{{sfn|Nicol|1984|p=98}} December 1331), also known as '''Philip I of Taranto''', was titular [[Latin Empire|Latin Emperor of Constantinople]] by marriage to [[Catherine of Valois–Courtenay]], [[Despot of Romania]], [[Kingdom of Albania (medieval)|King of Albania]], [[Principality of Achaea|Prince of Achaea]] and [[Principality of Taranto|Taranto]].

Born in [[Naples]], Philip was a younger son of [[Charles II of Naples|Charles II of Anjou]], [[Kingdom of Naples|King of Naples]], and [[Maria Arpad of Hungary|Maria of Hungary]], daughter of King [[Stephen V of Hungary]].{{sfn|Nicol|1984|p=257}}

==First marriage==
On 4 February 1294, his father named him [[Prince of Taranto]] at [[Aix-en-Provence]], and on 12 July 1294, Vicar-General of the Kingdom of Sicily. These dignities were a prelude to Charles' plan to bestow upon Philip an empire east of the [[Adriatic Sea|Adriatic]]. The day he was invested as Vicar-General, he [[Proxy marriage|married by proxy]] [[Thamar Angelina Komnene]], daughter of [[Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas]], [[Despot of Epirus]].{{sfn|Nicol|1984|p=257}} Threatened by the [[Byzantine Empire]], Nikephoros had decided to seek [[Capetian House of Anjou|Angevin]] patronage, and agreed to the marriage of Thamar and Philip. The two were married in person on 13 August 1294 at [[L'Aquila]]. Upon their marriage, Charles ceded to Philip the suzerainty of [[Principality of Achaea|Achaea]] and the [[Kingdom of Albania (medieval)|Kingdom of Albania]], and all his rights to the [[Latin Empire]] and the Lordship of [[Medieval Thessaly|Vlachia]].{{sfn|Topping|1975|p=106}} Nikephoros gave, as his daughter's dowry, the fortresses of [[Vonitsa]], [[Vrachova]], [[Gjirokastër]] and [[Naupactus]], in the territory of [[Aetolia]], to Philip, and agreed to settle the succession, on his death, upon his daughter rather than his son [[Thomas I Komnenos Doukas|Thomas]]. Upon the death of Nikephoros (c. 1297), Philip took the title of "[[Despot of Romania]]", claiming Epirus, Aetolia, [[Acarnania]], and [[Great Vlachia]]. However, Nikephoros' Byzantine widow, Anna Kantakouzene, had Thomas proclaimed Despot of Epirus and assumed the regency.

==War of the Vespers==
As Vicar-General of [[Sicily]], he was part of the invasion of that island during the latter stage of the [[War of the Sicilian Vespers]]. His army was defeated in 1299 at the [[Battle of Falconara]] by [[Frederick III of Sicily]],{{sfn|Stanton|2015|p=153}} and he was held prisoner until the signing of the [[Treaty of Caltabellotta]] in 1302.{{sfn|Nicol|1994|p=29}}

[[File:Stema e Anzhuinëve.png|thumb|125px|Coat of arms of Philip I of Taranto before marrying [[Catherine II of Valois, Princess of Achaea|Catherine of Valois]]]]

==Balkan adventure==
In 1306, [[Philip I of Piedmont|Philip of Savoy]] and [[Isabella of Villehardouin]], the Prince and Princess of Achaea, visited Charles' court in Naples. Philip of Savoy was accused of disloyalty and failure to support Charles in a campaign against Epirus. As Isabelle had not sought her suzerain's consent before marrying him, Charles deprived the two of Achaea and bestowed it directly upon Philip of Taranto on 5 May 1306. He made his only personal visit to Achaea shortly thereafter, accepting the homage of his vassals at [[Glarentza]], and carrying out an unsuccessful campaign against the Despotate of Epirus.{{sfn|Topping|1975|p=107}} He left [[Guy II de la Roche|Guy II]], [[Duke of Athens]], as his bailli in Achaea. Meanwhile, Philip and Isabella relinquished their claims on Achaea on 11 May 1307 in exchange for the County of Alba.

==Second marriage==
[[File:Blason Philippe II de Tarente.svg|thumb|125px|Coat of arms of Philip I of Taranto, after his wedding with [[Catherine II of Valois, Princess of Achaea|Catherine of Valois]]: his personal arms (Anjou defaced with a [[bend (heraldry)|bend]]), [[Impalement (heraldry)|impaled]] with the arms of the [[Latin Empire]] of Constantinople.]]

In 1309, Philip accused Thamar of adultery, probably on a falsified charge. This freed him to take part in a complex marital pact. [[Catherine II of Valois, Princess of Achaea|Catherine of Valois]], the titular Latin Empress, had been betrothed to [[Hugh V, Duke of Burgundy]], titular [[King of Thessalonica]]. This engagement was broken, and she married Philip on 29 July 1313, at [[Fontainebleau]].{{sfn|Topping|1975|p=109}} In exchange, her maternal lands of Courtenay and other estates on the Continent were ceded to Hugh's sister [[Joan the Lame of Burgundy|Joan the Lame]], who married Catherine's half-brother, [[Philip VI of France|Philip of Valois]].{{sfn|Topping|1975|p=109}} Hugh V was betrothed to [[Joan III, Countess of Burgundy|Joan of France]], later [[Count of Burgundy|Countess of Burgundy]] and [[Count of Artois|Artois]]. (Hugh died before in 1315 before the marriage could be solemnized; Joan of France married Hugh's brother and successor [[Odo IV, Duke of Burgundy]] instead.{{sfn|Topping|1975|p=115}}) Philip ceded the Principality of Achaea (over which he retained suzerainty) to [[Matilda of Hainaut]], who married Hugh's brother [[Louis of Burgundy]] on 29 July 1313. This donation was rather restricted: should the couple die without heirs, the Principality was to revert to the house of Burgundy, while Matilda enjoyed the usufruct for life. Nor could Matilda marry again without her suzerain's permission. To complete the separation of Eastern and Western claims, Hugh ceded his rights to Thessalonica to Louis, while Louis renounced his claims on his parents' inheritance in favor of Hugh. The engagement of Philip's eldest son [[Charles of Taranto]] to Matilda of Hainault was broken off, and he was engaged to Jeanne de Valois, younger sister of Catherine of Valois; his father also ceded to him the title of Despot of Romania and the claims thereto appertaining.

==Guelph-Ghibelline War==
In 1315, Philip was sent by his brother [[Robert of Naples]] to lead an army relieving the [[Florence, Italy|Florentines]], who were threatened by the [[Pisa]]ns under [[Uguccione della Faggiuola]]. The Florentine-Neapolitan army was badly beaten at the [[Battle of Montecatini]] on 29 August 1315; Philip's younger brother [[Peter, Count of Gravina]] and his son Charles of Taranto were both killed.

==Frankish Greece==
The death of Louis of Burgundy without heirs in 1316 upset the Angevin plans for Achaea. Matilda was  invited to marry [[John, Duke of Durazzo|John of Gravina]], Philip's younger brother, by their elder brother, [[Robert of Naples]]. When she declined, she was kidnapped and brought to Naples. By long persuasion and threats, she was compelled in 1318 to consent to the marriage, whereupon [[Frederick Trogisio]] was sent to Achaea as a new baili.{{sfn|Topping|1975|p=115}} In 1320, [[Eudes IV, Duke of Burgundy]], after several protests, agreed to sell his rights to Achaea and Thessalonica to [[Louis I, Duke of Bourbon|Louis, Count of Clermont]] for 40,000 livres. However, Philip, financed by [[Philip V of France]], bought the claims for the same sum in 1321. In the meantime, the refractory Matilda of Hainaut was brought before the Papal court in [[Avignon]], where she revealed that she had secretly married the Burgundian knight Hugh de La Palice. Her marriage with John was annulled on the grounds of non-consummation, but the revelation of her secret marriage again furnished a pretext for the confiscation of Achaea by the Angevins. It was, of course, bestowed directly upon John of Gravina, in exchange for 40,000 livres, the price paid to the Duke of Burgundy.{{sfn|Topping|1975|p=115-116}} Matilda spent the rest of her unfortunate life as a prisoner of the Neapolitan state, to prevent the resurgence of her claim.{{sfn|Topping|1975|p=117}}

Philip continued to plot the recovery of the Latin Empire, making an alliance in 1318 with his nephew [[Charles I of Hungary]] for that purpose, but to no effect.{{sfn|Geanakoplos|1975|p=47}} In 1330, the last of his sons by his first marriage died, returning to him the title of Despot of Romania. All his rights and titles passed on his death two years later to his eldest son by his second marriage, [[Robert of Taranto]].

==Family==
Children of his first marriage (1294), with [[Thamar Angelina Komnene]], which ended with a divorce (1309):{{sfn|Nicol|1984|p=257}}
* [[Charles of Taranto|Charles]] (1296–1315),{{sfn|Nicol|1984|p=257}} Vicar of Romania, killed at the [[Battle of Montecatini]]{{sfn|Armstrong|1932|p=40}}
* [[Jeanne of Anjou|Jeanne]] (1297–1323), married to [[Oshin of Armenia]]{{sfn|Nicol|1984|p=257}} and then [[Oshin of Korikos]].
* [[Philip, Despot of Romania|Philip]] (1300–1330), [[Despot of Romania]].{{sfn|Nicol|1984|p=257}}
* Maria (1302/04–1368), Abbess of Conversano.
* Beatrice (1305–1340), married to [[Walter VI of Brienne]], titular [[Duke of Athens]].{{sfn|Nicol|1984|p=257}}
* Bianca (1309–1337), married to Infante Ramón Berenguer of [[Aragon]], Count of Prades.

Children of his second marriage (1313), with [[Catherine of Valois (1303–1346)|Catherine of Valois]]:
* Margaret (c. 1325–1380), married [[Francis of Baux]], Duke of Andria. By Francis, she was the mother of [[James of Baux]], Prince of Achaea and titular Emperor of Constantinople.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|p=401}}
* [[Robert of Taranto|Robert]] (1326–1364), Prince of Taranto, titular Emperor of Constantinople (as Robert II).{{sfn|Zacour|1960|p=32}}
* [[Louis of Taranto|Louis]] (1327/28–1362),{{sfn|Zacour|1960|p=32}} Prince of Taranto and [[Kingdom of Naples|King of Naples]] by right of his wife.
* [[Philip II of Taranto|Philip II]] (1329–1374),{{sfn|Zacour|1960|p=32}} Prince of Taranto and Achaea, titular Emperor of Constantinople (as Philip III).

== See also ==

* [[History of Francavilla Fontana]]

==References==
{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFTopping1975|CITEREFGeanakoplos1975}}
{{Reflist|2}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book |title=The Cambridge Medieval History |volume=7: Decline of Empire and Papacy |editor-first1=Henry Melvill |editor-last1=Gwatkin |editor-first2=James Pounder |editor-last2=Whitney |editor-first3=Joseph Robson |editor-last3=Tanner |editor-first4=Charles William |editor-last4=Previté-Orton |editor-first5=Zachary Nugent |editor-last5=Brooke |first=Edward |last=Armstrong |chapter=Italy in the Time of Dante |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1932 }}
* {{Setton-A History of the Crusades | volume = 3 | chapter = Byzantium and the Crusades, 1354–1453 | pages = 27–68 | last = Geanakoplos | first = Deno |chapter-url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?type=turn&entity=History.CrusThree.p0051&id=History.CrusThree&isize=M}}
* {{Cite book|last=Nicol|first=Donald M.|author-link=Donald M. Nicol|title=The Despotate of Epiros 1267-1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages|year=1984|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521261906|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XIj0FfKto9AC}}
* {{The Byzantine Lady: Ten Portraits, 1250–1500}}
* {{cite book |first=Douglas |last=Richardson |title=Plantagenet Ancestry: Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study In Colonial And Medieval Families |edition=2nd |year=2011}}
* {{cite book |title=The Chronicle of Morea: Historiography in Crusader Greece |first=Teresa |last=Shawcross |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009  }}
* {{cite book |title=Medieval Maritime Warfare |first=Charles D |last=Stanton |publisher=Pen & Sword |year=2015}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |first=K.-P. |last=Todt |year=1993 |title=Ph. v. Tarent |encyclopedia=Lexikon des Mittelalters |volume= VI: Lukasbilder bis Plantagenêt |language=de |publisher= Stuttgart and Weimar: J. B. Metzler }}
* {{Setton-A History of the Crusades | volume = 3 | chapter = The Morea, 1311–1364 | pages = 104–140 | last = Topping | first = Peter  | chapter-url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?type=article&did=History.CrusThree.i0016&id=History.CrusThree&isize=M }}
* {{cite book | editor1-first = Nickiphoros I. | editor1-last = Tsougarakis | editor2-first = Peter | editor2-last = Lock | title = A Companion to Latin Greece | series = Brill's Companions to European History | publisher = BRILL | year = 2014 | location = Leiden and New York | url = {{Google Books|z3ajBQAAQBAJ|plainurl=y}} | isbn = 978-90-0-4284104 }}
* {{cite journal |title=Talleyrand: The Cardinal of Périgord (1301-1364) |first=Norman P. |last=Zacour |journal=Transactions of the American Philosophical Society |series=New Series |volume= 50| issue =  7 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |year=1960|pages=1–83 |doi=10.2307/1005798 |jstor=1005798 }}



{{S-start}}
{{s-reg}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Charles II of Naples|Charles II]]|title=[[Prince of Taranto]]<br />[[Kingdom of Albania (medieval)|Lord of the Kingdom of Albania]]|years=1294&ndash;1331|after=[[Robert of Taranto|Robert]]}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Isabella of Villehardouin|Isabella]]|years=1307&ndash;1313|title=[[Principality of Achaea|Prince of Achaea]]|after=[[Matilda of Hainaut|Matilda]]}}
{{s-pre}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Catherine II of Valois, Princess of Achaea|Catherine II]]|title=Titular [[Latin Emperor]] <br><small>(''[[jure uxoris]]'') with [[Catherine II of Valois, Princess of Achaea|Catherine II]]</small>|years='''1313&ndash;1331''' |after=[[Catherine II of Valois, Princess of Achaea|Catherine II]]}}
{{S-end}}
{{Princes of Achaea}}
{{Latin Empire Monarchs}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Philip I Prince Of Taranto}}
[[Category:1278 births|Philip I of Taranto]]
[[Category:1331 deaths|Philip I of Taranto]]
[[Category:14th-century Latin emperors of Constantinople]]
[[Category:Nobility from Naples]]
[[Category:House of Anjou-Taranto]]
[[Category:Albanian monarchs]]
[[Category:Kings of Albania]]
[[Category:Princes of Achaea]]
[[Category:Princes of Taranto|Philip 1]]
[[Category:Burials at the Basilica of San Domenico, Naples]]
[[Category:Sons of kings]]
[[Category:13th-century Neapolitan people]]
[[Category:14th-century Neapolitan people]]
[[Category:Sons of counts]]
[[Category:Jure uxoris emperors]]