View source for Pheme

{{Short description|Greek goddess of fame}}
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[[Image:Dresden Fama (2005).jpg|thumb|Sculpture of Pheme/Fama on the roof of the [[Dresden University of Visual Arts]]. It was sculpted by {{Interlanguage link multi|Robert Henze|de}}]]{{Greek myth (personified)}}

In [[Greek mythology]], '''Pheme''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|iː|m|iː}} {{respell|FEE|mee}}; [[Greek language|Greek]]: {{lang|grc|Φήμη}}, ''Phēmē''; [[Roman mythology|Roman]] equivalent: '''Fama'''), also known as '''Ossa''' in [[Homer|Homeric sources]],<ref>Homer, Iliad 2. 93 ff (trans. Lattimore) (Greek epic C8th B.C.) :
"[The Greeks] marched in order by companies to the assembly, and Ossa (Rumour) walked blazing among them, Zeus' messenger, to hasten them along."

Homer, Odyssey 2. 216 ff (trans. Shewring) (Greek epic C8th B.C.) :
"[Telemakhos (Telemachus) departs in search of his father Odysseus :] 'Perhaps some human witness will speak, perhaps I shall hear some rumour (ossa) that comes from Zeus, a great source of tidings for mankind.'"
Homer, Odyssey 24. 412 ff :
"Ossa (Rumour) as herald was speeding hotfoot through the city, crying the news of the suitors' [of Penelope] hideous death and doom."</ref> was the personification of fame and renown, her favour being notability, her wrath being scandalous rumours. She was a daughter either of [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]] or of [[Elpis (mythology)|Elpis]] (Hope), was described as "she who initiates and furthers communication" and had an altar at [[Athens]]. A tremendous gossip, Pheme was said to have pried into the affairs of mortals and gods, then repeated what she learned, starting off at first with just a dull whisper, but repeating it louder each time, until everyone knew. In art, she was usually depicted with wings and a [[trumpet]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.greekmythology.com/Other_Gods/Minor_Gods/Pheme/pheme.html |title=Pheme |access-date=July 14, 2020 }}</ref>

In [[Roman mythology]], Fama ("rumour") was described as having multiple tongues, eyes, ears, and feathers by [[Virgil]] (in ''[[Aeneid]]'' IV line 180 and following) and other authors. [[Virgil]] wrote that she "had her feet on the ground, and her head in the clouds, making the small seem great and the great seem greater". 
In Homer Pheme is called the Rumour goddess or the messenger of Zeus. In Book One of the Odyssey, the purpose of Telemachus' journey to Pylos is so that he might gain "pheme" among the world.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/30613/pg30613-images.html | title=Ομήρου Οδύσσεια Τόμος Α }}</ref> 

In [[English Renaissance theatre]], Rumour was a stock personification, best known from [[William Shakespeare]]'s ''[[Henry IV, Part 2]]'' in the quote "Open your ears; for which of you will stop The vent of hearing, when loud Rumour speaks?".  James C. Bulman's [[Arden Shakespeare]] edition notes numerous lesser known theatrical examples.<ref>p. 161</ref>

==Linguistic associations==
The Greek word ''pheme'' is related to Φάναι "to speak" and can mean "fame", "report", or "rumor". The Latin word ''fama'', with the same range of meanings, is related to the Latin ''fari'' ("to speak"), and is, through French, the [[Etymology#Etymology|etymon]] of the English "fame".<ref>[[Oxford English Dictionary]], 1st Edition, 1891, ''s.v.'' 'fame'</ref>

==See also==
*[[Polychronion]]
*[[Iris (mythology)|Iris]]
*[[Gná]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
* [[William Smith (lexicographer)|Smith, William]]; ''[[Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology]]'', London (1873). [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DO%3Aentry+group%3D8%3Aentry%3Dossa-bio-1 "Ossa" ]
* Gianni Guastella, "La Fama degli antichi e le sue trasformazioni tra Medioevo e Rinascimento(The fame of the antiquity and its transformations between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance)," in Sergio Audano, Giovanni Cipriani (ed.), ''Aspetti della Fortuna dell'Antico nella Cultura Europea: atti della settima giornata di studi(Aspects of Ancient Fortune in European Culture: Proceedings of the Seventh Study Day), [[Sestri Levante]], 19 Marzo 2010'' (Foggia: Edizioni il Castello, 2011) (Echo, 1), 35–74.

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.theoi.com/Daimon/Pheme.html Theoi Greek Mythology -- Pheme]
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Fama|short=x}}
{{Greek mythology (deities)|state=collapsed}}{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Greek goddesses]]
[[Category:Personifications in Greek mythology]]
[[Category:Children of Gaia]]