View source for Perry Nuclear Generating Station

{{Short description|Nuclear power plant in North Perry, Ohio, United States}}
{{Other uses|Perry (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox power station
| name = Perry Nuclear Power Plant
| name_official = 
| image = File:Perry Nuclear Plant (2), July 2020.jpg
| image_caption = The plant as seen from Parmly Road
| location_map_alt = 
| coordinates = {{coord|41|48|3|N|81|8|36|W|region:US-OH_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| country = United States
| location = [[North Perry, Ohio|North Perry]], [[Lake County, Ohio]]
| status = O
| construction_began = {{start date|1974|10|1}}<ref name=nh20171117>{{cite news|first=Andrew|last=Cass|title=Perry Nuclear Power Plant celebrates 30 years of commercial operation|url=http://www.news-herald.com/general-news/20171117/perry-nuclear-power-plant-celebrates-30-years-of-commercial-operation|work=[[The News-Herald (Ohio)|The News-Herald]]|date=November 17, 2017|access-date=November 19, 2017}}</ref><ref name="PRIS Perry-1">{{cite web|title=PRIS - Reactor Details|url=https://www.iaea.org/pris/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=725|website=www.iaea.org|publisher=[[International Atomic Energy Agency]]|access-date=27 November 2017}}</ref>
| commissioned = November 18, 1987<ref name=nh20171117/>
| decommissioned = 
| cost = $6.024 billion (2007 USD)<ref>{{cite web|title=EIA - State Nuclear Profiles|url=https://www.eia.gov/nuclear/state/archive/2010/ohio/|website=www.eia.gov|access-date=3 October 2017|language=en}}</ref> (${{format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|6.024e9|2007}}}} in {{Inflation-year|US-GDP}} dollars{{Inflation-fn|US-GDP}})
| owner = [[Vistra Corp]] 
| operator = [[Vistra Corp]] 
<!------------------------- NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS -->| np_reactor_type = BWR
| np_reactor_supplier = [[General Electric]]
| np_fuel_type = 
| np_fuel_supplier = 
| ps_cogeneration = 
| ps_cooling_source = [[Lake Erie]]
| ps_cooling_towers = 2 × [[Natural Draft]]<br/>(one in use)
<!------------------------- GENERAL -->| ps_units_operational = 1 × 1256 MW
| ps_units_manu_model = [[GE BWR|BWR-6]] (Mark 3)
| ps_units_uc = 
| ps_units_planned = 
| ps_units_cancelled = 1 × 1205 MW
| ps_units_decommissioned = 
| ps_thermal_capacity = 1 × 3758 MW<sub>th</sub>
| ps_heating_capacity = 
| ps_electrical_capacity = 1256
| ps_electrical_cap_fac = 89.18% (2017)<br/>80.80% (lifetime)
| ps_storage_capacity = 
| ps_annual_generation = 9703 GWh (2021)
| website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20171004035508/https://www.firstenergycorp.com/content/fecorp/about/generation_system/FENOC/perry.html Perry]
| extra = 700+ employees<ref name=nh20171117/>
}}
[[File:Perrynuclearpowerplant.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Perry as seen from [[Headlands Beach State Park|Headlands Park]], Ohio]]
The '''Perry Nuclear Power Plant''' is located on a {{Convert|1100|acre|ha|abbr=out}} site on [[Lake Erie]], {{Convert|40|mi|km|abbr=out}} northeast of [[Cleveland, Ohio|Cleveland]] in [[North Perry, Ohio]], US. The [[nuclear power plant]] is owned and operated by Vistra Corporation.

The reactor is a [[General Electric]] BWR-6 [[boiling water reactor]] design, with a Mark III containment design. The original core power level of 3,579&nbsp;megawatts thermal was increased to 3,758&nbsp;megawatts thermal in 2000, making Perry one of the largest BWRs in the United States.

Perry was expected to close in 2021 as it is no longer profitable to run when competing against natural gas plants.<ref>{{cite news|first=John|last=Funk|title=FirstEnergy Solutions will close its nuclear power plants, but is silent on bankruptcy restructuring|url=http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2018/03/firstenergy_solutions_will_clo.html|work=[[The Plain Dealer]]|location=Cleveland, Ohio|date=March 28, 2018|access-date=March 29, 2018 | quote=During months of hearings, the company argued that its uncompetitive old coal and nuclear plants would become competitive once the price of natural gas increased. And at that point, customers would see credits on their monthly bills, they argued. Opponents cited federal predictions that natural gas would stay cheap for decades and customers would just keep on paying higher rates.}}</ref> To avert this, Ohio House Bill 6 was signed into law in July 2019 which added a fee to residents' utility bills that funded subsidies of $150 million per year to Perry and the [[Davis–Besse Nuclear Power Station|Davis–Besse nuclear plant]] to keep both plants operational.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cleveland.com/open/2019/07/nuclear-bailout-bill-passes-ohio-legislature.html|title=Nuclear bailout bill passes Ohio legislature, signed by Gov. Mike DeWine| first=Jeremy | last=Pelzer |newspaper=The Plain Dealer|date=July 23, 2019|access-date=July 25, 2019}}</ref>{{r | NPR_1 }} However, the bill was alleged to be part of the [[Ohio nuclear bribery scandal]] revealed by the [[United States Department of Justice]] (DOJ) in July 2020.<ref>{{cite court|url=https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6999130/Ohio-House-complaint.pdf|litigants=U.S. v. Larry Householder, Jeffery Longstreth, Neil Clark, Matthew Borges, Juan Cespedes, and Generation Now|court=S.D. Ohio|date=July 16, 2020|access-date=August 3, 2020}}</ref><ref name=NPR_1 > {{ cite news | url=https://www.npr.org/2020/07/21/893493224/ohio-house-speaker-arrested-in-connection-to-60-million-bribery-scheme | title=Ohio House Speaker Arrested In Connection With $60 Million Bribery Scheme | last=Wamsley | first=Laura | newspaper=[[NPR]] | date=2020-07-21 | access-date=2020-07-21 | quote=Last year's nuclear bailout law tacked on a charge to residents' power bills, sending $150 million a year to the nuclear power plants. They are owned by the company Energy Harbor, which was previously known as FirstEnergy Solutions. }}</ref> 

==History==
Perry was originally designed as a two-unit installation, but construction on Unit&nbsp;2 was suspended in 1985 and formally cancelled in 1994. At the time of cancellation, all of the major buildings and structures for the second unit were completed, including the {{convert|500|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} cooling tower. It is possible that a second unit could be constructed on the site, but current economic and regulatory conditions are not conducive to doing so (in addition to back taxes that would be due to the "abandon in place" designations on many objects in Unit 2).

Eleven hundred acres at the Perry plant were designated in 1993 as an urban wildlife sanctuary by the National Institute for Urban Wildlife. The area has trees, shrubs, streams and ponds; and a habitat for heron, belted kingfisher, ducks and geese. The forested area is ideal for the crane-fly orchid, a rare species in Ohio. The site includes a wetland that contains spotted turtles, an endangered species in Ohio.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ecological Stewardship of the Nuclear Energy Industry|url=http://www.nei.org/resourcesandstats/documentlibrary/protectingtheenvironment/brochures/ecologybook2003/|publisher=Nuclear Energy Institute|access-date=3 August 2012}}</ref>

On March 28, 2010, there was a fire in a lubrication system for one of the water pumps that feeds water for generation of steam. Reactor power automatically lowered to 68% due to the reduction in feed water flow, and the fire was extinguished in less than three hours. Two plant fire brigade personnel were brought to a local hospital for "heat stress" following the fire. No customers lost power during this event.<ref name="U.S.N.R.C. Event Notification Report Log">{{cite web|title=Event Notification Report for March 29, 2010|url=https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/event-status/event/2010/20100329en.html|publisher=U.S.N.R.C.|access-date=3 August 2012}}</ref> On February 9, 2016, the plant was unexpectedly shut down for maintenance to a recirculation pump. The reactor was brought back to full power by February 20, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Power Reactor Status Reports for 2016|url=https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/event-status/reactor-status/2016/|publisher=Nuclear Regulatory Commission|access-date=3 April 2016}}</ref>

In addition to Perry, [[Vistra Corp]] also owns and operates the [[Davis-Besse]] and [[Beaver Valley Nuclear Generating Station|Beaver Valley]] nuclear plants.<ref>{{cite web|title=Texas-based Vistra now officially owns the Davis-Besse, Perry and Beaver Valley nuclear plants
|url=https://www.toledoblade.com/business/energy/2024/03/01/texas-based-vistra-now-officially-owns-the-davis-besse-perry-and-beaver-valley-n/stories/20240301134|publisher=Toledo Blade|access-date=2024-10-22}}</ref> 

In July 2023, Energy Harbor applied for a license renewal for the Perry nuclear power plant, requesting an additional 20 years of operation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ans.org/news/article-5202/energy-harbor-files-for-perry-life-extension/ |title=Energy Harbor files for Perry life extension |work=ans.org |date=21 July 2023 |access-date=2023-08-08}}</ref>

In March 2024, Texas-based [[Vistra Corp]] announced it had completed an acquisition of Energy Harbor Corp. and its nuclear generation fleet assets, which was previously announced in March 2023.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://investor.vistracorp.com/2024-03-01-Vistra-Completes-Energy-Harbor-Acquisition/ |title=Vistra Completes Energy Harbor Acquisition |work=Vistra Corporation |date=1 March 2024 |access-date=2024-10-22}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! &nbsp;!!Unit 1!!Unit 2
|-
| Reactor Type|| colspan="2" |[[boiling water reactor|BWR-6]]
|-
| Reactor Manufacturer|| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |[[General Electric]]
|-
| Turbine Manufacturer
|-
| Thermal Power||3,758 [[watt|megawatts]]|| rowspan="3" |Unit canceled in 1994
|-
| Electrical Output||1,260 [[watt|megawatts]]
|-
| Transmission System Connection||345,000 [[volt]]s
|-
| Construction Permit Issued||May 3, 1977||May 3, 1977 (construction suspended in 1985)
|-
| Initial Criticality||June 1986|| rowspan="4" |Unit canceled in 1994
|-
| First Electrical Generation||November 13, 1986
|-
| Operational Date||November 18, 1987
|-
| Expiration of Original License||March 18, 2026
|}

== Electricity production ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Generation ('''[[Kilowatt-hour|MWh]]''') of Perry Nuclear Power Plant'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Electricity Data Browser |url=https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/#/plant/6020/?freq=M&pin= |access-date=2023-01-07 |website=www.eia.gov}}</ref>
!Year
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!Annual (Total)
|-
!2001
|<small>822,248</small>
|<small>402,972</small>
|<small>123,568</small>
|<small>798,883</small>
|<small>142,023</small>
|<small>802,067</small>
|<small>324,672</small>
|<small>912,057</small>
|<small>900,239</small>
|<small>930,817</small>
|<small>900,034</small>
|<small>719,864</small>
!7,779,444
|-
!2002
|<small>918,229</small>
|<small>799,411</small>
|<small>939,038</small>
|<small>900,714</small>
|<small>930,813</small>
|<small>481,701</small>
|<small>909,817</small>
|<small>918,977</small>
|<small>594,820</small>
|<small>745,370</small>
|<small>904,754</small>
|<small>931,166</small>
!9,974,810
|-
!2003
|<small>930,209</small>
|<small>764,817</small>
|<small>788,525</small>
|<small>82,043</small>
|<small>-7,910</small>
|<small>867,503</small>
|<small>919,276</small>
|<small>678,084</small>
|<small>809,632</small>
|<small>920,924</small>
|<small>856,928</small>
|<small>935,145</small>
!8,545,176
|-
!2004
|<small>903,869</small>
|<small>876,390</small>
|<small>916,173</small>
|<small>900,902</small>
|<small>624,410</small>
|<small>694,868</small>
|<small>918,960</small>
|<small>919,636</small>
|<small>872,942</small>
|<small>919,947</small>
|<small>899,443</small>
|<small>779,786</small>
!10,227,326
|-
!2005
|<small>121,586</small>
|<small>549,786</small>
|<small>-8,878</small>
|<small>-12,730</small>
|<small>640,649</small>
|<small>888,993</small>
|<small>912,172</small>
|<small>910,533</small>
|<small>890,892</small>
|<small>912,803</small>
|<small>902,642</small>
|<small>938,200</small>
!7,646,648
|-
!2006
|<small>904,098</small>
|<small>848,230</small>
|<small>936,789</small>
|<small>880,942</small>
|<small>798,087</small>
|<small>894,530</small>
|<small>906,324</small>
|<small>915,903</small>
|<small>878,179</small>
|<small>918,424</small>
|<small>903,221</small>
|<small>690,646</small>
!10,475,373
|-
!2007
|<small>925,628</small>
|<small>841,117</small>
|<small>906,738</small>
|<small>8,911</small>
|<small>294,340</small>
|<small>684,060</small>
|<small>168,786</small>
|<small>931,004</small>
|<small>898,058</small>
|<small>929,063</small>
|<small>837,810</small>
|<small>632,732</small>
!8,058,247
|-
!2008
|<small>951,553</small>
|<small>891,180</small>
|<small>886,866</small>
|<small>598,092</small>
|<small>940,362</small>
|<small>880,150</small>
|<small>921,451</small>
|<small>928,586</small>
|<small>890,697</small>
|<small>950,446</small>
|<small>914,227</small>
|<small>936,983</small>
!10,690,593
|-
!2009
|<small>944,877</small>
|<small>657,957</small>
|<small>-6,802</small>
|<small>-10,609</small>
|<small>392,649</small>
|<small>676,761</small>
|<small>907,675</small>
|<small>928,035</small>
|<small>904,217</small>
|<small>440,263</small>
|<small>812,520</small>
|<small>948,929</small>
!7,596,472
|-
!2010
|<small>948,792</small>
|<small>844,351</small>
|<small>929,709</small>
|<small>890,359</small>
|<small>680,413</small>
|<small>827,853</small>
|<small>903,208</small>
|<small>921,538</small>
|<small>899,634</small>
|<small>924,231</small>
|<small>910,835</small>
|<small>938,788</small>
!10,619,711
|-
!2011
|<small>937,494</small>
|<small>834,829</small>
|<small>876,861</small>
|<small>436,568</small>
|<small>-8,539</small>
|<small>543,044</small>
|<small>918,578</small>
|<small>927,009</small>
|<small>875,211</small>
|<small>373,434</small>
|<small>911,926</small>
|<small>934,434</small>
!8,560,849
|-
!2012
|<small>941,442</small>
|<small>886,315</small>
|<small>795,538</small>
|<small>373,434</small>
|<small>932,521</small>
|<small>619,344</small>
|<small>914,450</small>
|<small>869,909</small>
|<small>875,608</small>
|<small>926,623</small>
|<small>911,517</small>
|<small>926,405</small>
!9,973,106
|-
!2013
|<small>721,885</small>
|<small>827,548</small>
|<small>462,974</small>
|<small>-7,203</small>
|<small>404,866</small>
|<small>620,070</small>
|<small>928,048</small>
|<small>916,126</small>
|<small>777,536</small>
|<small>940,124</small>
|<small>901,938</small>
|<small>947,510</small>
!8,441,422
|-
!2014
|<small>949,623</small>
|<small>825,826</small>
|<small>906,476</small>
|<small>911,860</small>
|<small>875,284</small>
|<small>898,595</small>
|<small>925,829</small>
|<small>917,719</small>
|<small>873,851</small>
|<small>699,994</small>
|<small>728,750</small>
|<small>941,464</small>
!10,455,271
|-
!2015
|<small>933,301</small>
|<small>789,395</small>
|<small>200,060</small>
|<small>133,474</small>
|<small>943,412</small>
|<small>902,981</small>
|<small>934,710</small>
|<small>936,036</small>
|<small>892,341</small>
|<small>948,465</small>
|<small>922,161</small>
|<small>946,509</small>
!9,482,845
|-
!2016
|<small>709,583</small>
|<small>622,146</small>
|<small>946,537</small>
|<small>914,375</small>
|<small>943,605</small>
|<small>814,486</small>
|<small>915,017</small>
|<small>902,059</small>
|<small>850,547</small>
|<small>935,958</small>
|<small>922,911</small>
|<small>946,026</small>
!10,423,250
|-
!2017
|<small>889,629</small>
|<small>730,056</small>
|<small>81,611</small>
|<small>799,786</small>
|<small>854,715</small>
|<small>900,496</small>
|<small>922,662</small>
|<small>924,360</small>
|<small>901,953</small>
|<small>938,167</small>
|<small>921,095</small>
|<small>947,846</small>
!9,812,376
|-
!2018
|<small>952,931</small>
|<small>849,443</small>
|<small>951,635</small>
|<small>919,725</small>
|<small>934,198</small>
|<small>890,632</small>
|<small>906,864</small>
|<small>904,012</small>
|<small>882,733</small>
|<small>931,505</small>
|<small>914,087</small>
|<small>896,971</small>
!10,934,736
|-
!2019
|<small>809,277</small>
|<small>556,333</small>
|<small>177,752</small>
|<small>670,859</small>
|<small>941,856</small>
|<small>841,553</small>
|<small>780,669</small>
|<small>747,528</small>
|<small>859,887</small>
|<small>939,869</small>
|<small>923,556</small>
|<small>923,963</small>
!9,173,102
|-
!2020
|<small>928,860</small>
|<small>893,210</small>
|<small>932,277</small>
|<small>917,959</small>
|<small>941,610</small>
|<small>891,452</small>
|<small>889,355</small>
|<small>909,725</small>
|<small>892,399</small>
|<small>936,477</small>
|<small>914,074</small>
|<small>943,564</small>
!10,990,962
|-
!2021
|<small>892,962</small>
|<small>731,469</small>
|<small>134,313</small>
|<small>643,595</small>
|<small>940,469</small>
|<small>886,554</small>
|<small>917,399</small>
|<small>891,878</small>
|<small>897,857</small>
|<small>935,011</small>
|<small>919,089</small>
|<small>913,272</small>
!9,703,868
|-
!2022
|<small>902,658</small>
|<small>845,250</small>
|<small>920,347</small>
|<small>883,206</small>
|<small>914,023</small>
|<small>866,926</small>
|<small>883,939</small>
|<small>848,346</small>
|<small>822,350</small>
|<small>887,197</small>
|<small>635,367</small>
|<small>924,845</small>
!10,334,454
|-
!2023
|<small>406,723</small>
|<small>365,497</small>
|<small>-6,309</small>
|<small>288,698</small>
|<small>938,798</small>
|<small>899,050</small>
|<small>912,742</small>
|<small>718,651</small>
|<small>886,140</small>
|<small>939,753</small>
|<small>920,669</small>
|<small>950,500</small>
!7,220,712
|-
!2024
|<small>937,405</small>
|<small>890,427</small>
|<small>940,755</small>
|<small>910,393</small>
|<small>609,327</small>
|<small>869,592</small>
|<small>896,591</small>
|<small>899,839</small>
|<small>887,950</small>
|<small>932,956</small>
|<small>908,315</small>
|<small>895,313</small>
!10,578,863
|-
!2025
|<small>912,043</small>
|<small>755,369</small>
|<small>113,480</small>
|<small>245,636</small>
|<small></small>
|<small></small>
|<small></small>
|<small></small>
|<small></small>
|<small></small>
|<small></small>
|<small></small>
!--
|-
|}

==Surrounding population==
The [[Nuclear Regulatory Commission]] defines two emergency planning zones around nuclear power plants: a plume exposure pathway zone with a radius of {{convert|10|mi}}, concerned primarily with exposure to, and inhalation of, airborne radioactive contamination, and an ingestion pathway zone of about {{convert|50|mi}}, concerned primarily with ingestion of food and liquid contaminated by radioactivity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/emerg-preparedness/about-emerg-preparedness/planning-zones.html|title=NRC: Emergency Planning Zones|website=United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission|access-date=2019-12-22}}</ref>

The 2010 U.S. population within {{convert|10|mi}} of Perry was 83,410, an increase of 8 percent in a decade, according to an analysis of U.S. Census data for msnbc.com. The 2010 U.S. population within {{convert|50|mi}} was 2,281,531, a decrease of 3.0 percent since 2000. Cities within {{Convert|50|mi|km|abbr=out}} include Cleveland ({{Convert|36|mi|km|abbr=out}} to city center). Canadian population is not included in these figures.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-14 |title=Nuclear neighbors: Population rises near US reactors |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna42555888 |access-date=2024-08-16 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref>

==Seismic risk==
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission's estimate of the risk each year of an earthquake intense enough to cause core damage to the reactor at Perry was 1 in 47,619, according to an NRC study published in August 2010.<ref>[[Bill Dedman]], "What are the odds? US nuke plants ranked by quake risk," ''[[NBC News]]'', March 17, 2011 https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna42103936 Accessed April 19, 2011.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/Sections/NEWS/quake%20nrc%20risk%20estimates.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525170632/http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/Sections/NEWS/quake%20nrc%20risk%20estimates.pdf |archive-date=2017-05-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Security threats ==
At around 6:00pm EDT on April 7, 2021, the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]]'s Cleveland Field Office tweeted that there was an ongoing security situation at the plant that necessitated a bomb squad.<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1379980932300435456|user=FBICleveland|title=The FBI is assisting local law...|date=8 April 2021}}</ref>  The following day, law enforcement disclosed that a 33-year-old Michigan man drove to the power plant and told plant security officers that there was a bomb in the trailer he was towing with his pickup truck.  No bomb was found; the man was arrested.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2021/04/08/adrian-michigan-bomb-threat-perry-nuclear-power-plant/7141739002/|title = Michigan man who claimed he had bomb outside nuclear plant arrested}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{stack|{{Portal|Ohio|Energy|Nuclear technology}}}}
*{{cite web
 | url= https://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/perr1.html 
 | title= Perry 1 Boiling Water Reactor 
 | date= February 14, 2008 | work= Operating Nuclear Power Reactors 
 | publisher= U.S. [[Nuclear Regulatory Commission]] (NRC) 
 | access-date= 2008-11-21 }}
*{{cite web
 | url= http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/nuclear/page/at_a_glance/reactors/perry.html 
 | title= Perry Nuclear Power Plant, Ohio 
 | date= October 3, 2008 
 | publisher= [[Energy Information Administration]], [[U.S. Department of Energy]] (DOE)
 | access-date= 2008-11-21 }}

{{U.S. Nuclear Plants}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 1987]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Lake County, Ohio]]
[[Category:Nuclear power plants in Ohio]]
[[Category:FirstEnergy]]