View source for Paul Yu Pin

{{Short description|Chinese cardinal of the Catholic Church}}
{{hatnote group|{{family name hatnote|[[Yu (surname 于)|Yu]]|lang=Chinese}}{{baptismal name|Paul}}}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = Paul Yu Pin
| honorific-suffix =  
| image = Paul Yu Pin 1947.jpg
| image_size = 230px
| title = [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]],<br />[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nanking|Archbishop of Nanking]]
| province = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nanking|Nanking]]
| see = Nanking
| other_post = Cardinal-Priest of [[Gesù Divin Lavoratore]]
| ordination = 22 December 1928
| ordained_by = [[Giuseppe Palica]]
| consecration = 20 September 1936
| consecrated_by = [[Mario Zanin (bishop)|Mario Zanin]]
| cardinal = 28 April 1969
| created_cardinal_by = [[Pope Paul VI]]
| rank = [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)#Cardinal priests|Cardinal-Priest]]
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Vicar Apostolic of Nanking (1936–1946)|Titular Bishop of Sozusa in Palaestina (1936–1946)}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1901|4|13|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Hailun]], [[Heilongjiang]], [[Qing China]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1978|8|16|1901|4|13}}
| death_place = [[Rome]], [[Italy]]
| nationality = [[Republic of China]]
| religion = Roman Catholic
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Paul Yü Pin.svg
| motto = {{lang|la|Restaurare omnia in Christo}}<br />(English: ''To Restore all things in Christ'')
}}
{{Ordination 
| ordained deacon by = 
| date of diaconal ordination = 
| place of diaconal ordination = 
| ordained priest by = [[Giuseppe Palica]]
| date of priestly ordination = 22 December 1928
| place of priestly ordination = 
| consecrated by  = [[Mario Zanin (bishop)|Mario Zanin]]
| co-consecrators = [[Simon Zhu Kaimin]]<br />[[Paul Léon Cornelius Montaigne]]
| date of consecration = 20 September 1936
| place of consecration = [[Church of the Saviour, Beijing|Church of the Saviour]] (Beitang), [[Beijing]]
| elevated by = [[Pope Paul VI]]
| date of elevation = 28 April 1969
| bishop 1        = [[Philip Silvester Wang Tao-nan]]
| consecration date 1  = 	20 September 1942
| bishop 2        = [[Giuseppe Ferruccio Maurizio Rosà]]
| consecration date 2  = 	22 September 1946
| bishop 3        = [[Matthew Kia Yen-wen]]
| consecration date 3  = 	16 July 1970
| sources = <ref>{{cite journal|title=Episcopal ordination of Bishop Paul Yu Pin|url=https://digitalcommons.whitworth.edu/album04/38/|date=15 January 2017|access-date=31 January 2019|journal=Société des Auxiliaires des Missions (SAM) China Photograph Collection|publisher=Whitworth University Library|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131132850/https://digitalcommons.whitworth.edu/album04/38/|archive-date=31 January 2019|last1=Keymolen |first1=Fr. Michel }}</ref>
}}
{{Infobox cardinal styles
| cardinal name = Paul Yú Pin
| dipstyle      = [[His Eminence]]
| offstyle      = Your Eminence
| see           = [[Archdiocese of Nanking|Nanking]]
| image         = Coat of arms of Paul Yü Pin.svg
| image_size    = 200px
}}
'''Paul Yu Pin''' ({{zh|c=于斌|p=Yú Bīn}}; 13 April 1901 – 16 August 1978) was a Chinese [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] of the [[Catholic Church]]. He served as [[Archdiocese of Nanking|Archbishop of Nanking]] from 1946 until his death, having previously served as its [[Apostolic vicariate|Apostolic Vicar]], and was elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinalate]] in 1969.

==Biography==
Paul Yu Pin (Yu Bin) was born in [[Hailun]], [[Northeast China]], to Yu Shuiyuan ({{lang|zh|于水源}}) and Xiao Aimei. [[Orphan]]ed at age 7, he was [[Baptism|baptized]] in 1914 after encountering [[missionary]] priests near [[Lansi]], where he lived with his grandfather.<ref name="mission">TIME Magazine. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101008100805/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,897553,00.html A Mission for the Archbishop] September 12, 1960</ref> Yu attended the provincial [[normal school]] in [[Heilongjiang]], the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] [[Aurora University (Shanghai)|Aurora University]] in [[Shanghai]], and the [[seminary]] in Kirin before going to [[Rome]], where he studied at the [[Pontifical Urbaniana University]] (earning his [[Doctor of Sacred Theology|doctorate in theology]]) and [[Pontifical Roman Athenaeum S. Apollinare|Pontifical Roman Athenaem ''S. Apollinare'']]. He also studied at the [[Royal University of Perugia|Royal University]] in [[Perugia]], from where he obtained a [[Doctorate|doctoral degree]] in [[politics]].

Yu was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] on 22 December 1928 by Archbishop [[Giuseppe Palica]], and then taught at the Urbaniana University until 1933, when he returned to China. Upon his return, he was named National Director of [[Catholic Action]], [[secretary]] of the Chinese [[nunciature]], and [[Inspector General]] of [[Catholic school]]s in China.

On 17 July 1936, Yu was appointed [[Apostolic vicariate|Apostolic Vicar]] [[Archdiocese of Nanking|of Nanking]] and [[Titular Bishop of Sozusa in Palaestina]] by [[Pope Pius XI]]. He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on the following September 20 from Archbishop [[Mario Zanin (bishop)|Mario Zanin]], with Bishops [[Simon Tchu]], [[Society of Jesus|SJ]], and [[Paul Montaigne]], [[Lazarists|CM]], serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]], in [[Beijing]]. In 1937, the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] took [[Nanjing]] and a reward of $100,000 was placed for the capture of Yu, who spent [[World War II]] in the [[United States]].<ref name="mission"/> There he planned in 1943 to establish [[Employment agency|employment bureaus]], available to American [[teacher]]s, [[Physician|doctor]]s, and [[technician]]s, in China.<ref>TIME Magazine. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081214185956/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,884964,00.html Employment Available] June 7, 1943</ref> Also that year, the Chinese cleric supported two bills before the [[United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims|House Immigration Committee]] that allowed Chinese to [[Immigration|enter]] and become [[Citizenship|citizens]] of the United States under the [[Immigration Act of 1924|quota system]].<ref>TIME Magazine. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081214182521/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,851766,00.html 105 Chinese] June 14, 1943</ref> Yu, following his return to China, was promoted to the rank of a [[Metropolitan bishop|Metropolitan]] [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|Archbishop]] when his vicariate was elevated as such by [[Pope Pius XII]] on 11 April 1946.

In 1949, the [[People's Republic of China|new Communist regime]] expelled him from his [[Diocese|see]], and he was yet again forced to leave the country, resuming his exile in the United States. During this time, the Archbishop dedicated himself to helping [[Chinese American]]s and raising funds for [[refugee]]s from Communist China in [[Taiwan]], where he was made [[Rector (academia)|rector]] ''magnifico'' of [[Fu Jen Catholic University]] in 1961. He was one of Generalissimo [[Chiang Kai-shek]]'s closest advisors, and on the brink of McCarthyism, Archbishop Yü Pin made claims against Americans he thought were pro-Communist that turned out not to be true. <ref>{{cite book |title=Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ... Congress, Volume 98, Part 5 |pages=6775 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EOC_sdJH1HMC&q=yu+pin|last1=Congress |first1=United States |year=1952 }}</ref>
Yü attended the [[Second Vatican Council]] from 1962 to 1965.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/byupin.html|title=Paul Cardinal Yü Pin [Catholic-Hierarchy]|website=www.catholic-hierarchy.org|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref> During the [[Second Vatican Council|Council]] he asked the Pope to address the issue of [[communism]]; however the Council did not address communism or socialism.<blockquote>[[Communism]] is a militant atheism and a crude materialism. In a word, it is a compilation of all heresies, and it must be treated as such, if the truth is to be defended. [The Council] must dispel the confusion created by the doctrine of [[Peaceful coexistence|peaceful co-existence]], by the policy of the outstretched hand, and by Catholic communism, as it is called, all of which are stratagems calculated to assist communism and to create obscurity, doubt, or at least hesitation in the minds of Christians. In this matter the utmost clarity is now required.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.catholicvoice.co.uk/fatima4/ch3.htm#notes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704080833/http://www.catholicvoice.co.uk/fatima4/ch3.htm#notes|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-07-04|title=Chapter 3|date=2007-07-04|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref></blockquote>
He was created [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal Priest]] of [[Gesù Divin Lavoratore]] by [[Pope Paul VI]] in the [[Papal consistory|consistory]] of 28 April 1969. Upon his resignation as Fu Jen's rector on 5 August 1978, he was named its [[Chancellor (ecclesiastical)|Grand Chancellor]]. In 1976 he had become the first director of [[Dharma Realm Buddhist Association|Dharma Realm Buddhist University's]] Institute for World Religions (now attached to Berkeley Buddhist Monastery).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.drbu.org/research/iwr/default.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070731124218/http://www.drbu.org/research/iwr/default.asp|url-status=dead|title=Dharma Realm Buddhist University|archive-date=July 31, 2007}}</ref>
[[File:Interior of the Mausoleum of Cardinal Yu Pin 20250413.jpg|thumb|The Mausoleum of Cardinal Yu Pin]]
He died from a [[Myocardial infarction|heart attack]] at age 77 in Rome, where he had gone to participate in the [[Papal conclave, August 1978|conclave following]] Pope Paul VI's death in August 1978.<ref name="Milestones">TIME Magazine. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101014133536/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,916356,00.html Milestones] August 28, 1978</ref> Yu is interred in a [[mausoleum]] on the campus of [[Fu Jen Catholic University]] in [[Xinzhuang District|Xinzhuang]], Taipei County, in Taiwan.

<!-- See [[WP:TRIVIA]]. Some of this information could be incorporated elsewhere in the article.
==Trivia==
*While studying in Rome, Yu received a doctorate in [[philosophy]] from the [[Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas (Angelicum)|Angelicum]].<ref>Free Church for China. [http://www.freechurchforchina.org/testimony/cardinalyupin1.htm Cardinal Yu-Pin]</ref>
*[[President of the United States|President]] [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin Roosevelt]] met with Bishop Yu in February 1944.<ref>TIME Magazine. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081215002617/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,774709,00.html The President's Week] February 21, 1944</ref>
*He once sat on the [[All-China Interreligious Association]].<ref>TIME Magazine. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081214182432/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,851822,00.html Chungking Meeting] June 14, 1943</ref>
*Yu was expected to have voted for a [[Conservatism|conservative]] candidate at the August 1978 conclave.<ref>TIME Magazine. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930154054/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,916332,00.html In Rome, a Week off Suspense] August 28, 1978</ref>
*The Cardinal, second from China, was {{height|ft=6|in=3|abbr=mos|out=cm}} tall.<ref name="Milestones"/>
-->

==Further reading==

===In European languages===
*Paul Yu-Pin, ''Un Problème psychique international: appel aux hommes de bonne foi aux hommes de bonne volonté''. Bruxelles: Éd. de la Cité chrétienne, 1937.
*''The Voice of the Church in China, 1931–1932, 1937-1938'', by Archbishop [[Marius Zanin]], Bishop [[Auguste Haouisée]] and Bishop Paul Yu-Pin; with a preface by Dom Pierre-Célestin [[Lou Tseng-Tsiang]]. London and New York: Longmans, Green and co., 1938.
*''Eyes East: Selected Pronouncements of the Most Reverend Paul Yu-Pin''. Paterson, N.J.: St. Anthony Guild Press, 1945.
*Raymond De Jaegher, ''Vie de Mgr. Paul Yu Pin''. Vietnam: Ed. du Pacifique libre, 1959.

==References==
<references />

==External links==
*{{commonscatinline}}
*[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/byupin.html Catholic-Hierarchy]
*[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios-y.htm#Yu Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church]

{{S-start}}
{{S-rel|ca}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Auguste Haouissée]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Apostolic vicariate|Vicar Apostolic]] of Nanking|years=1936–1946}}
{{S-non|reason=Elevated to diocese}}
{{S-new|diocese}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Archdiocese of Nanking|Archbishop of Nanking]]}}
{{S-aft|after=''Francis Xavier Lu Xinping''<br />(''de facto'' only; not recognized by the Holy See)}}
{{s-new|creation}}
{{S-ttl|title=Cardinal-Priest of [[Gesù Divin Lavoratore]]|years=1969–1978}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Joseph Bernardin]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Pierre Cheng]]}}
{{s-tul|title=Bishop of Sozusa in Palaestina|years=1936–1946}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Antônio de Mendonça Monteiro]]}}

{{s-aca}}
{{succession box |
  before=[[Chen Yuan (historian)]]|
  title=President of [[Fu Jen Catholic University]]|
  years=1960–1978 |
  after=[[Stanislaus Lo Kuang]]
}}
{{S-end}}

{{Chinese cardinals}}
{{Fu Jen Catholic University|state=collapsed}}
{{Portal bar|Catholicism}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yu, Paul, Pin}}
[[Category:1901 births]]
[[Category:1978 deaths]]
[[Category:Chinese cardinals]]
[[Category:Chinese Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Participants in the Second Vatican Council]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in China]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Fu Jen Catholic University]]
[[Category:Pontifical Urban University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Perugia alumni]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Paul VI]]
[[Category:Presidents of universities and colleges in Taiwan]]
[[Category:Taiwanese educators]]
[[Category:Taiwanese people from Heilongjiang]]
[[Category:Chinese Esperantists]]
[[Category:Bishops appointed by Pope Pius XI]]