View source for Path (Toronto)

{{Short description|Pedestrian tunnel and underground shopping centre in Ontario, Canada}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2018}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox shopping mall
| name = Path
| logo = PATH (Toronto) logo.svg
| logo_width = 
| image = Commerce Court Basement Arcade 2021.jpg
| image_width = 
| caption = Path network viewed from under [[Commerce Court]]
| location = [[Toronto]], Ontario, Canada
| address = 
| opening_date = 1900 – first pedestrian tunnel in Toronto<br>1960–1970s – construction begins of underground shopping concourses and linkages<br>1987 – City becomes coordinating agency of network
| closing_date = 
| developer = 
| manager = [[City of Toronto government]] (coordinating agency)
| owner = 
| number_of_stores = 1,200
| number_of_anchors = 
| floor_area = {{cvt|371,600|sqm}}
| floors = 1
| parking = 20 [[parking garage]]s
| website = {{URL|https://www.toronto.ca/path/}}
| mapframe-custom = 
{{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=line|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#009AC7}}
| footnotes = 
}}

'''Path''' (stylized as '''PATH''')<ref>{{Cite web |title=PATH – Downtown Toronto pedestrian walkway |url=https://www.toronto.ca/explore-enjoy/visitor-services/path-torontos-downtown-pedestrian-walkway/ |access-date=April 4, 2022 |website=City of Toronto|date=August 15, 2017 }}</ref> is a network of underground [[underground city|pedestrian tunnels]], [[skyway|elevated walkways]], and at-grade walkways connecting the office towers of [[Downtown Toronto]], Ontario, Canada. It connects more than 70 buildings via {{convert|30|km|mi|0}} of tunnels, walkways, and shopping areas. According to [[Guinness World Records]], Path is the largest underground shopping complex in the world, with {{convert|371600|sqm}} of retail space<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=f537b454b35a2410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=04708b7a29891410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |title=PATH – Toronto's Downtown Underground Pedestrian Walkway |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620023017/http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=f537b454b35a2410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=04708b7a29891410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |archive-date=June 20, 2014}}</ref> which includes over 1,200 retail fronts (2016).<ref name="The Bulletin (Local Toronto Newspaper)">{{cite news |last1=Hume |first1=Grant |title=Downtown PATH makes North American history as a mall |page=6 |newspaper=The Bulletin |date=Feb 2016}}</ref> As of 2016, over 200,000 residents and workers use the Path system daily with the number of private dwellings within walking distance at 30,115.<ref name="The Bulletin (Local Toronto Newspaper)" />

The Path network's northern point is the [[Atrium on Bay]] at [[Dundas Street]] and [[Bay Street]], including a now-closed tunnel to the former [[Toronto Coach Terminal]], while its southern point is Waterpark Place on [[Queens Quay (Toronto)|Queens Quay]]. Its main north–south axes of walkways generally parallel [[Yonge Street|Yonge]] and Bay Streets, while its main east–west axis parallels [[King Street (Toronto)|King Street]].

There is continuous expansion of the Path system around [[Union Station (Toronto)|Union Station]]. Two towers being built as part of [[CIBC Square]] will be linked to the Path system, extending it to the east to cross over Yonge Street by a pedestrian bridge into the Backstage Condominium building (Esplanade and Yonge corner), giving closed access to Union Station, [[Scotiabank Arena]], and other buildings in [[Financial District, Toronto|Toronto's Financial District]].

==History==
===Early pedestrian tunnels===
[[File:TunnelEatons.jpg|thumb|Toronto's first public pedestrian tunnel under construction {{circa|1900}}. The tunnels connected the buildings of the [[Eaton's Annex]].]]
In 1900, the [[Eaton's]] department store constructed a tunnel underneath James Street, allowing shoppers to walk between the Eaton's main store at [[Yonge Street|Yonge]] and [[Queen Street West|Queen]] streets and the [[Eaton's Annex]] located behind the (then) [[Old City Hall (Toronto)|City Hall]]. It was the first underground pedestrian pathway in Toronto and is often credited as a historic precursor to the current Path network. The original Eaton's tunnel is still in use as part of the Path system, although today it connects [[Toronto Eaton Centre]] to the [[Bell Trinity Square]] office complex on the site of the former Annex building.

Another original underground linkage, built in 1927 to connect [[Union Station (Toronto)|Union Station]] and the [[Fairmont Royal York|Royal York Hotel]], remained an integral part of the Path network for many years until it was replaced by a newer connection between the Royal York Hotel and [[Royal Bank Plaza]], which continues onward to Union Station.<ref name=":0" />

===Expansion===
[[File:LongosFCP.jpg|thumb|[[Longo's]] market situated in Path. The utilization of the tunnel network as retail space began in the mid-20th century.]]
The network of underground walkways expanded under city planner Matthew Lawson in the 1960s. Toronto's downtown sidewalks were overcrowded, and new office towers were removing the much-needed small businesses from the streets. Lawson thus convinced several important developers to construct underground malls, pledging that they would eventually be linked. The designers of the [[Toronto-Dominion Centre]], the first of Toronto's major urban developments in the 1960s (completed in 1967), were the first to include underground shopping in their complex, with the possibility of future expansion built in. The city originally helped fund the construction, but with the election of a reform [[Toronto City Council|city council]], this practice ended. The reformers disliked the underground system, agreeing with [[Jane Jacobs]]'s notion that an active street life was important in keeping cities and neighbourhoods vital and that consumers should be encouraged to shop on street level stores rather than in malls (whether they be above ground or below); however, the system continued to grow, as developers bowed to their tenants' wishes and connected their buildings to the system. This also converted low-valued basements into some of the most valuable retail space in the country.

The next expansion of the network occurred in the early 1970s with the construction and underground connection of the Richmond-Adelaide Centre office tower with the [[Sheraton Centre (Toronto)|Sheraton Centre]] hotel complex.

===21st century===
[[File:New PATH west side Toronto Union Station.jpg|thumb|Work on new Path tunnels at [[Union Station (Toronto)|Union Station]], 2014]]
Construction of the Path tunnel north from Scotia Plaza through the Bay Adelaide Centre started in the fourth quarter of 2007. Completion of this section closed the last remaining gap in the north–south route through Path that parallels Yonge Street, thus eliminating the need to double back from Bay Street to get between buildings located on the eastern edge of Path.

In 2011, the City of Toronto released a long-term expansion plan for the Path network, developed by Urban Strategies Inc.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/toronto-mulls-plan-to-expand-worlds-longest-underground-shopping-complex/article4201903/ |title=Toronto mulls plan to expand world's largest underground shopping complex |first=Carry |last=Mills |date=September 6, 2012 |newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]] | access-date=January 14, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=8ea70621f3161410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |title=PATH Master Plan Study |website=City of Toronto |access-date=January 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112112347/http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=8ea70621f3161410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |archive-date=January 12, 2016}}</ref> As part of the expansion plan, there will be 45 new entry points, and the walkway expanded to as long as {{convert|60|km}} when changes are completed.<ref>Marcus, Stephanie (September 26, 2007). [http://www.journalism.ryerson.ca/online/masthead/sep2607/Sept.26-07page1.pdf "PATH to Connect Ryerson"]. page 1. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319023758/http://www.journalism.ryerson.ca/online/masthead/sep2607/Sept.26-07page1.pdf |date=March 19, 2009 }}; page [http://www.journalism.ryerson.ca/online/masthead/sep2607/Sept.26-07page5.pdf 5] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319023748/http://www.journalism.ryerson.ca/online/masthead/sep2607/Sept.26-07page5.pdf |date=March 19, 2009}}. ''The Ryersonian''.</ref>

In August 2014, a major southward expansion of the Path network brought it closer to the [[Toronto waterfront]], with the opening of a [[skywalk|covered pedestrian bridge]] connecting [[Scotiabank Arena]] south to [[RBC WaterPark Place]] on Queens Quay (crossing the [[Lake Shore Boulevard]] / [[Gardiner Expressway]] corridor and Harbour Street).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://toronto.ctvnews.ca/path-expands-with-new-pedestrian-bridge-to-waterfront-1.1962667 |title=PATH expands with new pedestrian bridge to waterfront |website=CTV News |date=August 16, 2014 |access-date=January 14, 2016}}</ref>

The City of Toronto constructed a {{convert|300|m|adj=on}}, $65-million tunnel connecting Union Station to Wellington Street<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agenda Item History |url=https://secure.toronto.ca/council/agenda-item.do?item=2018.GM29.24 |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=toronto.ca |language=en}}</ref> Toronto planners have begun work to guide future Path development and ensure Path construction is included in basement levels of key new buildings.<ref>{{cite news |title=Toronto Shines a Light on Underground PATH |first=Angela |last=Kryhul |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/toronto-shines-a-light-on-underground-path/article1622826/ |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |date=June 29, 2010 |access-date=August 6, 2011}}</ref>

The network was particularly hard-hit during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto]], with [[Bloomberg News]] calling the area a "ghost town". The pedestrian system's narrow halls in some locations were noted as a particular challenge, even once downtown employees returned to the office. The Toronto Financial District Business Improvement Area has planned various movement modifications to the space for future use.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Steven |last1=Frank |first2=Sandra |last2=Mergulhao |first3=Doug |last3=Alexander |title=Toronto's PATH network faces bleak future with bankers MIA |url=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/toronto-s-path-network-faces-bleak-future-with-bankers-mia-1.1443620 |access-date=June 1, 2020 |work=BNN Bloomberg |agency=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=May 31, 2020}}</ref>

In early November 2020, a connection was opened between the [[Maple Leaf Square]] complex (via the basement-level [[Longo's]] supermarket) and ÏCE Condominiums at York Centre.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://urbantoronto.ca/forum/threads/path-network-expansion-various-various-various.20620/page-32#post-1617309 |title=PATH Network expansion ''Post 472'' |website=Urban Toronto |date=November 10, 2020 |access-date=December 5, 2020}}</ref> On December 5, 2020, the new [[Union Station Bus Terminal]] was opened within the new CIBC Square complex and connected via a skywalk to the Scotiabank Arena.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://blog.metrolinx.com/2020/11/16/torontos-new-union-station-bus-terminal-gets-ready-to-open-heres-what-you-need-to-know-to-get-on-the-bus/ |title=Toronto's new Union Station Bus Terminal gets ready to open – Here's what you need to know to get on the bus |publisher=[[Metrolinx]] |first=Scott |last=Money |date=November 16, 2020 |access-date=November 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125134518/https://blog.metrolinx.com/2020/11/16/torontos-new-union-station-bus-terminal-gets-ready-to-open-heres-what-you-need-to-know-to-get-on-the-bus/ | archive-date=November 25, 2020}}</ref> In 2024, the newly built TD Terrace at 160 Front St West included a Path connection to Simcoe Place (200 Front Street West).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toronto's skyline gets a shiny new fortress |url=https://apple.news/AKKHf7QgXR8ixdhLAS5QgUQ |access-date=2025-05-05 |work=The Globe and Mail |via=Apple News}}</ref>

==Design==
Path provides an important contribution to the economic viability of the city's downtown core and is also used to supplement sidewalk capacity in downtown Toronto.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2018/pg/bgrd/backgroundfile-114262.pdf |work=Downtown Mobility Strategy |page=40 |access-date=August 25, 2019 |date=April 2018 |title=Increase space for walking |publisher=City of Toronto}}</ref> The system facilitates pedestrian linkages to public transit, accommodating more than 200,000 daily commuters and thousands of additional tourists and residents en route to sports and cultural events. Its underground nature provides pedestrians with a safe haven from the winter cold and snow, as well as relief from the summer heat and humidity.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=f537b454b35a2410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=04708b7a29891410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |title=PATH – Toronto's Downtown Underground Pedestrian Walkway – Getting Here & Around – Visitor Information Services |website=City of Toronto |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620023017/http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=f537b454b35a2410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=04708b7a29891410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |archive-date=June 20, 2014}}</ref>

===Coordination and signage===
[[File:PATH6.jpg|thumb|Previous-generation directional signage for Path. Signs used a colour-coded system, with different colours representing different [[cardinal directions]].]]
In 1987, City Council adopted a unified wayfinding system throughout the network. The design firms Gottschalk+Ash International and Muller Design Associates were hired to design and implement the overall system in consultation with a diverse group of land owners, City staff and stakeholders. A colour-coded system with directional cues was deployed in the early 1990s. Within the various buildings, pedestrians can find a Path system map, plus [[cardinal direction]]s (red for south, orange for west, blue for north, yellow for east) on ceiling signs at selected junctions. These same colours are also used in the Path logo. 

The signage can be hard to find inside some of the various connected buildings. Building owners concerned about losing customers to neighbouring buildings insisted any signage not dominate their buildings or their own signage system. The city relented and the result is the current system. Many complain the system is hard to navigate.<ref>{{cite news |title=For Some Visitors, It's a PATH That Leads Nowhere |first=Jack |last=Lakey |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/fixer/article/686543--for-some-visitors-it-s-a-path-that-leads-nowhere |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] |date=August 26, 2009 |access-date=August 6, 2011}}</ref>

=== New Path signage ===
In 2016, the Toronto Financial District [[Business improvement district|Business Improvement Area]] (FDBIA) and City of Toronto began study of updating Path signage and maps to make navigation easier.<ref>''Economic Study - New PATH Wayfinding System.'' N Barry Lyon

Consultants Limited (2016).</ref> In 2018, Steer Davies Gleave completed design of a new wayfinding system that is still used today.<ref>''PATH Wayfinding Contract Certification Letter''. FDBIA (2018).</ref> This system was rolled out in some buildings in 2018. In 2024, the FDBIA completed a comprehensive update of all existing Path installations that brought this system to all buildings with Path installations. 

The new system no longer uses the colour-coded compass system and refers to neighbourhoods and landmarks instead. The system also integrates with TO360, Toronto’s neighbourhood mapping and wayfinding system. 

[[File:WPP-SS-1-WF.jpg|thumb|A modern Path sign. Current-generation Path signs list neighbourhoods and landmark destinations to speed navigation. ]]


=== Navigation tools ===

According to App Brain, a Toronto Path map app existed as early as 2011, although it is no longer available.<ref>{{cite web |title=Toronto Path Map |url=https://www.appbrain.com/app/toronto-path-map/se.dou.torontopathmap |access-date=April 13, 2025 |website=AppBrain}}</ref>

In 2018, Eric Rotberg released a digital map of the Path system called pathmap on the web,<ref>{{cite web |date=July 10, 2018 |title=New website lets you navigate the PATH on your phone |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/path-new-website-1.4741192 |access-date=April 13, 2025 |website=CBC}}</ref> with both an Android and iOS app being released the following year.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 4, 2019 |title=Pathmap iOS and Android Apps Launch to Navigate Toronto’s Underground Network |url=https://www.iphoneincanada.ca/2019/01/04/pathmap-ios-android-apps-launch-toronto/ |access-date=April 13, 2025 |website=iPhone in Canada}}</ref> These remained the only online tools available for navigating the pedestrian network for several years. Then in August 2024, Canadian technology company Mappedin created and published a detailed map of the Path on its website.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mappedin's Linkedin Post Announcing Release of its Map of the Path Network |url=https://www.linkedin.com/posts/mappedin_toronto-path-map-made-by-mappedin-activity-7262888267862163457-A98O |website=Linkedin}}</ref> This tool showed all shops and amenities in the system.

In January 2025, another navigation app for the Path system was released, containing 3D maps and photographs of each entrance and exit.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dev |first1=Prisha |last2=King |first2=Megan |title=Toronto engineer develops app to navigate PATH. Here’s how it works |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/10974005/toronto-path-app |access-date=January 28, 2025 |website=Global News}}</ref> In March 2025, [[HallWiz]], which originally was an app for navigating the [[Carleton University]] tunnels,<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 17, 2024 |title=Carleton grad creates tunnel navigation app |url=https://charlatan.ca/carleton-grad-creates-tunnel-navigation-app/ |access-date=April 13, 2025 |website=The Charlatan}}</ref> added a map of the Toronto Path system. This app provides directions for getting around the system entirely using pictures and videos.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HallWiz App Store Listing |url=https://apps.apple.com/ca/app/hallwiz-toronto-path-map/id6657971850}}</ref>

==Connected facilities==
More than 50 buildings or office towers are connected through the Path system. It comprises twenty parking garages, five subway stations, two major department stores, two major shopping centres, six major hotels, and a railway terminal. The [[CN Tower]], [[Ripley's Aquarium of Canada]], and [[Rogers Centre]] are connected via an enclosed elevated walkway, called the [[SkyWalk]], from [[Union Station (Toronto)|Union Station]], although the walkway does not have indoor connections to these attractions.
[[File:Gardiner PATH Bridge.jpg|thumb|Path walkway under the Gardiner Expressway and over Lake Shore Boulevard]]
[[File:Union Station Toronto 8.jpg|thumb|An elevated portion of Path, the SkyWalk, connects Union Station to several attractions south of the station.]]
[[File:Sheraton Center Toronto Lobby.jpg|thumb|right|Lobby of the [[Sheraton Centre Toronto Hotel|Sheraton Centre Hotel Toronto]] before renovation; the entrance to Path is at bottom left.]]
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
*[[One King Street West|1 King Street West]]
*1 Queen Street East
*1 York
*[[10 Dundas East]]
*16 York
*145 King Street West
*200 King Street West
*150 York
*2 Queen Street East
*19 Grand Trunk
*22 Front Street West
*25 Lower Simcoe
*55 University
*[[Atrium on Bay]]
*[[Bay Adelaide Centre]]
*[[Bell Trinity Square]]
*[[Brookfield Place (Toronto)|Brookfield Place]]
*[[Canadian Broadcasting Centre]]
*[[CIBC Square]]
*Citibank Place
*[[Commerce Court]]
*DBRS Tower
* [[Delta Toronto Hotel]]
*[[Design Exchange]]
*Dundee Place
*[[Exchange Tower]]
*[[EY Tower]]
*[[Fairmont Royal York]]
*Federal Building
*[[First Canadian Place]]
*[[Four Seasons Centre]]
*Harbour Plaza Residences 
*Hilton Hotel
*[[Hockey Hall of Fame]]
*[[Hudson's Bay Queen Street]]
*ÏCE Condominiums at York Centre
*[[InterContinental Toronto Centre]]
*[[Maple Leaf Square]]
*MetLife Place
*[[Metro Hall]]
*[[Metro Toronto Convention Centre]]
*Munich Re Centre
*[[RBC Centre]]
*[[RBC WaterPark Place]]
*[[Richmond-Adelaide Centre]]
*[[Ritz-Carlton Toronto]]
*[[Roy Thomson Hall]]
*[[Royal Bank Plaza]]
*[[Scotia Plaza]]
*[[Scotiabank Arena]]
*[[Sheraton Centre Toronto Hotel]]
*[[Simcoe Place]]
*[[Southcore Financial Centre]]
*[[Sun Life Centre]]
*TD Terrace
*[[Telus Harbour]]
*Thomson Building
*[[Toronto City Hall]]
*[[Toronto Coach Terminal]]
*[[Toronto-Dominion Centre]]
*[[Toronto Eaton Centre]]
*[[Toronto subway|Toronto subway stations]]:
**[[Dundas station (Toronto)|Dundas station]]
**[[Queen station]]
**[[King station (Toronto)|King station]]
**[[Union station (TTC)|Union station]]
**[[St. Andrew station]]
**[[Osgoode station]]
*[[Union Station (Toronto)|Union Station]]
*[[Union Station Bus Terminal]]
*Victory Building
*Waterpark Place
*[[Yonge–Dundas Square]]
*Yonge–Richmond Centre
{{div col end}}

==See also==
* [[Edmonton Pedway]], a similar skywalk system in [[Edmonton]]
* [[Plus 15]], a similar skywalk system in [[Calgary]]
* [[Underground City, Montreal|RÉSO]], the underground city in [[Montreal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{Official website|http://www.city.toronto.on.ca/path/}}
*[https://www.torontofinancialdistrict.com/maps FDBIA Path website]
{{Shopping malls and neighbourhoods in Toronto}}
{{Shopping Malls in the Golden Horseshoe}}

[[Category:Path (Toronto)| ]]
[[Category:Shopping malls in Toronto]]
[[Category:Pedways in Canada]]
[[Category:Underground cities]]
[[Category:Pedestrian tunnels]]