View source for Paschal Triduum

{{Short description|Good Friday, Holy Saturday, and Easter Sunday}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
[[File:Meister des Hausbuches 003.jpg|thumb|''Christ Washing the Feet of the Apostles'' by Meister des Hausbuches, 1475 ([[Gemäldegalerie]], [[Berlin]])]]
{{Lent_calendar.svg}}
{{Liturgical year}}

The '''Paschal Triduum''' or '''Easter Triduum''' ([[Latin]]: ''Triduum Paschale''),<ref>For the etymology of the term ''Paschal'' see ''[[Names of Easter#From Greek Pascha|Names of Easter]]''.</ref> '''Holy Triduum''' (Latin: ''Triduum Sacrum''), or the '''Three Days''',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elca.org/Growing-In-Faith/Worship/Planning/Three-Days.aspx|title=The Three Days: Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, and the Vigil of Easter|year=2012|publisher=[[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]]|access-date=1 April 2012}}</ref> is the [[Christianity|Christian]] period of three days that begins with the liturgy on the evening of [[Maundy Thursday]],<ref name="CL Thurs">{{Cite web |url=http://www.catholicliturgy.com/index.cfm/FuseAction/documentText/Index/2/SubIndex/38/ContentIndex/324/Start/319 |title=Catholic Liturgy, Holy Thursday Evening Mass of the Lord's Supper |access-date=16 April 2009 |archive-date=4 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404061001/http://www.catholicliturgy.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/documenttext/index/2/subindex/38/contentindex/324/start/319 |url-status=dead }}</ref> reaches its high point in the [[Easter Vigil]], and closes with evening prayer on [[Easter Sunday]].<ref name=General>{{Cite web |url=http://www.catholicliturgy.com/index.cfm/FuseAction/documentText/Index/2/SubIndex/38/ContentIndex/101/Start/97 |title=General Norms for the Liturgical Year and the Calendar, 19 |access-date=16 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411120450/http://www.catholicliturgy.com/index.cfm/FuseAction/documentText/Index/2/SubIndex/38/ContentIndex/101/Start/97 |archive-date=11 April 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is a [[moveable feast|moveable observance]] recalling the [[Passion (Christianity)|Passion]], [[Crucifixion of Jesus|Crucifixion]], Death, [[entombment of Christ|burial]], and [[Resurrection of Jesus]], as portrayed in the [[canonical Gospels]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XBGGDwAAQBAJ|title=Glory in the Cross: A Journey through the Paschal Triduum|last=Laughlin|first=Corrina|access-date=4 February 2021|date=October 2018|publisher=Liturgy Training Publications|isbn=9781616714925}}</ref>

In the [[Anglican]], [[Lutheran]], [[Methodist]], [[Moravian Church|Moravian]] and [[Reformed tradition|Reformed]] traditions, the Paschal Triduum straddles the two liturgical seasons of [[Lent]] and [[Eastertide|Easter]] in the [[Church calendar]] ([[Holy Saturday]] is the last day of Lent, with the [[Easter Vigil]] being the first liturgy of Eastertide). In the [[Roman Catholic]] tradition since the [[Pope Pius XII#Liturgy reforms|1955 reform]] by [[Pope Pius XII]], the Easter Triduum has been more clearly distinguished as a separate liturgical period. 

Previously, all these celebrations were advanced by more than twelve hours. The [[Mass of the Lord's Supper]] and the [[Easter Vigil]] were celebrated on the morning of Thursday and Saturday respectively, and [[Holy Week]] and [[Lent]] were seen as ending only on the approach of Easter. In the [[Roman Rite]], after the ''[[Gloria in excelsis Deo]]'' in the Mass of the Lord's Supper, all church bells are silenced (sometimes replaced by a [[Crotalus (liturgy)|crotalus]]) and the organ is not used. This period that lasted from Thursday morning to before Easter Sunday began what was once referred to in [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]] times as "the still days".<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Holy Week}}</ref> [[Wedding]]s in the Catholic Church were once prohibited throughout Lent and certain other times of the year as well,<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Banns of Marriage}}</ref> and are still forbidden during the Triduum. Lutherans still discourage weddings during the entirety of Holy Week, inclusive of the Easter Triduum.

==Maundy Thursday (also called Holy Thursday)==
{{Main|Maundy Thursday}}
{| class="wikitable" style="float:left; margin-right:2em; text-align:center;"
|-
|+Dates for the Paschal Triduum, {{LASTYEAR|4}}–{{NEXTYEAR|4}}
|-
! Year
! [[Western Christianity|Western]]
! [[Eastern Christianity|Eastern]]
|-
! scope="row"| {{LASTYEAR|4}}
| {{Moveable date |holiday=Maundy Thursday |format=infobox |year={{LASTYEAR|4}} }} – {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Saturday |format=infobox |year={{LASTYEAR|4}} }}
| {{Moveable date |holiday=Maundy Thursday (Eastern) |format=infobox |year={{LASTYEAR|4}} }} – {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Saturday (Eastern) |format=infobox |year={{LASTYEAR|4}} }}
|-
! scope="row"| {{LASTYEAR|3}}
| {{Moveable date |holiday=Maundy Thursday |format=infobox |year={{LASTYEAR|3}} }} – {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Saturday |format=infobox |year={{LASTYEAR|3}} }}
| {{Moveable date |holiday=Maundy Thursday (Eastern) |format=infobox |year={{LASTYEAR|3}} }} – {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Saturday (Eastern) |format=infobox |year={{LASTYEAR|3}} }}
|-
! scope="row"| {{LASTYEAR|2}}
| {{Moveable date |holiday=Maundy Thursday |format=infobox |year={{LASTYEAR|2}} }} – {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Saturday |format=infobox |year={{LASTYEAR|2}} }}
| {{Moveable date |holiday=Maundy Thursday (Eastern) |format=infobox |year={{LASTYEAR|2}} }} – {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Saturday (Eastern) |format=infobox |year={{LASTYEAR|2}} }}
|-
! scope="row"| {{LASTYEAR}}
| {{Moveable date |holiday=Maundy Thursday |format=infobox |year={{LASTYEAR}} }} – {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Saturday |format=infobox |year={{LASTYEAR}} }}
| {{Moveable date |holiday=Maundy Thursday (Eastern) |format=infobox |year={{LASTYEAR}} }} – {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Saturday (Eastern) |format=infobox |year={{LASTYEAR}} }}
|-
! scope="row" style="background-color:gold" | {{CURRENTYEAR}}
| scope="row" style="background-color:gold" | {{Moveable date |holiday=Maundy Thursday |format=infobox |year={{CURRENTYEAR}} }} – {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Saturday |format=infobox |year={{CURRENTYEAR}} }}
| scope="row" style="background-color:gold" | {{Moveable date |holiday=Maundy Thursday (Eastern) |format=infobox |year={{CURRENTYEAR}} }} – {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Saturday (Eastern) |format=infobox |year={{CURRENTYEAR}} }}
|-
! scope="row"| {{NEXTYEAR}}
| {{Moveable date |holiday=Maundy Thursday |format=infobox |year={{NEXTYEAR}} }} – {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Saturday |format=infobox |year={{NEXTYEAR}} }}
| {{Moveable date |holiday=Maundy Thursday (Eastern) |format=infobox |year={{NEXTYEAR}} }} – {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Saturday (Eastern) |format=infobox |year={{NEXTYEAR}} }}
|-
! scope="row"| {{NEXTYEAR|2}}
| {{Moveable date |holiday=Maundy Thursday |format=infobox |year={{NEXTYEAR|2}} }} – {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Saturday |format=infobox |year={{NEXTYEAR|2}} }}
| {{Moveable date |holiday=Maundy Thursday (Eastern) |format=infobox |year={{NEXTYEAR|2}} }} – {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Saturday (Eastern) |format=infobox |year={{NEXTYEAR|2}} }}
|-
! scope="row"| {{NEXTYEAR|3}}
| {{Moveable date |holiday=Maundy Thursday |format=infobox |year={{NEXTYEAR|3}} }} – {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Saturday |format=infobox |year={{NEXTYEAR|3}} }}
| {{Moveable date |holiday=Maundy Thursday (Eastern) |format=infobox |year={{NEXTYEAR|3}} }} – {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Saturday (Eastern) |format=infobox |year={{NEXTYEAR|3}} }}
|-
! scope="row"| {{NEXTYEAR|4}}
| {{Moveable date |holiday=Maundy Thursday |format=infobox |year={{NEXTYEAR|4}} }} – {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Saturday |format=infobox |year={{NEXTYEAR|4}} }}
| {{Moveable date |holiday=Maundy Thursday (Eastern) |format=infobox |year={{NEXTYEAR|4}} }} – {{Moveable date |holiday=Holy Saturday (Eastern) |format=infobox |year={{NEXTYEAR|4}} }}
|}

In some Protestant denominations, the Triduum begins with an evening [[Church service|worship service]] on [[Maundy Thursday]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.liturgybytlw.com/Lent/MaunFW.html|title=The Triduum: Maundy Thursday with Foot-washing|quote=The Maundy Thursday service is one of endings and beginnings. What was begun on Ash Wednesday is brought to a close here today. What begins today does not end until the resurrection of Easter. It is the ancient Triduum, "The Three Sacred Days," which lead us to Easter: Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, and Holy Saturday.|publisher=[[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]]|author=Rev. Thomas L. Weitzel|access-date=1 April 2012}}</ref>

In the [[Catholic Church]] and in the [[Anglo-Catholic]] tradition of Anglicanism, in the [[Mass of the Lord's Supper]], during the [[Gloria in Excelsis Deo]], all church bells may be rung and the organ played; afterwards, bells and organ are silenced until the Gloria of the Easter Vigil.<ref name="CL Thurs" /> After the [[homily]] or [[sermon]] of the Mass, "where a pastoral reason suggests it", a ritual [[washing of the feet]] follows.<ref name="CL Thurs" /><ref>''Roman Missal'', "Thursday of the Lord's Supper", 10</ref> The Mass concludes with a procession of the [[Blessed Sacrament]] to the [[altar of repose]].<ref name="CL Thurs" /> This is usually followed by the stripping of the altars. [[Eucharistic adoration]] is encouraged after this, but if continued after midnight should be done without outward solemnity.<ref name="CL Thurs" />

In the form of the [[Roman Rite]] in use before 1955, Mass was celebrated in the morning. Some faithful travelled to several churches to pray at each one's Altar of Repose, a practice called [[Seven Churches Visitation]], which may also be done on Good Friday. The Mass included no washing of the feet, which could instead be done in a separate ceremony later in the day. The Mass itself concluded with a ritual [[Stripping of the Altar|stripping]] of all altars except the altar of repose, leaving only the cross and candlesticks. In the present form as revised in 1955, the altar is stripped bare without ceremony at some time after the evening Mass.

The [[liturgical colour]] for the Mass vestments and other ornaments is white in the Catholic and Anglican Churches.<ref>[http://www.liturgyoffice.org.uk/Resources/GIRM/Documents/GIRM.pdf General Instruction of the Roman Missal, 346]</ref> In the Lutheran Church, the liturgical colour for Maundy Thursday is scarlet or white.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elca.org/Growing-In-Faith/Worship/Learning-Center/FAQs/Liturgical-Colors.aspx|title=What is the meaning and use of liturgical colors?|publisher=[[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]]|quote=Maundy Thursday: For this fourth day of Holy Week, celebrated as the institution of the Lord’s Supper, scarlet or white is used.|access-date=1 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404093828/http://www.elca.org/Growing-In-Faith/Worship/Learning-Center/FAQs/Liturgical-Colors.aspx|archive-date=4 April 2012}}</ref> In the [[Reformed tradition]], white or gold may be used.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucc.org/worship/liturgies/liturgical-colors.html?print=t|title=Liturgical Colors and the seasons of the church year|publisher=[[United Church of Christ]]|quote=On Maundy Thursday, White or Gold symbolizes the church's rejoicing in the sacrament of the Lord's Supper. But at the end of the Maundy Thursday celebration, the mood changes abruptly: all decorations are removed and the Holy Table is stripped bare. The church becomes as empty as a tomb. On Good Friday, either Black or Red is customary—although the use of no color at all is also appropriate.|access-date=1 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427221700/http://www.ucc.org/worship/liturgies/liturgical-colors.html?print=t|archive-date=27 April 2014}}</ref> In the [[United Methodist Church]], black is used as the liturgical colour.

==Good Friday==
{{Main|Good Friday}}
[[File:Ecce homo by Antonio Ciseri (1).jpg|thumb|''[[Ecce Homo]]'' by [[Antonio Ciseri]] (19th century).]]

On Good Friday, Christians recall the [[Passion (Christianity)|passion]] and crucifixion of Jesus.

In the Roman Catholic, Lutheran, and Anglo-Catholic rites, a cross or crucifix (not necessarily the one that stands on or near the altar on other days of the year) is ceremonially unveiled.<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Good Friday}}</ref> (In pre-1955 services, other crucifixes were to be unveiled, without ceremony, after the Good Friday service.)  In the Catholic ritual, [[clergy]] traditionally begin the service [[prostration|prostrate]] in front of the altar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usccb.org/prayer-and-worship/liturgical-year-and-calendar/triduum/roman-missal-and-the-good-friday-liturgy|title=The Roman Missal and the Celebration of the Lord's Passion on Good Friday|publisher=United States Conference of Catholic Bishops|accessdate=April 13, 2022}}</ref> Mass is not celebrated on Good Friday and the communion distributed at the Celebration of the Lord's Passion is consecrated on Holy Thursday, hence the pre-1955 name "Mass of the Presanctified". In Anglican churches, there is no prayer of consecration on Good Friday, and the Reserved Sacrament is distributed at services on that day.  

Also in Catholicism, images of saints may, in accordance with local custom, be veiled throughout the last two weeks of Lent. Votive lights before these images are not lit. Crucifixes that are movable are hidden, while those that are not movable are veiled until after the Good Friday service.<ref name=veiling>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050403163844/http://www.ewtn.com/library/Liturgy/zlitur72.htm Covering of Crosses and Images in Lent]</ref> Catholic faithful typically venerate the crucifix by kissing the feet of the corpus. Veneration of a simple wooden cross is common in Anglican worship, with the faithful touching or kissing it.

Colors of vestments (and hangings, if kept) vary: no colour, red, or black are used in different traditions. The Catholic Church uses red vestments, symbolic of the blood of Jesus Christ, but in the pre-1970 form of the [[Roman Missal]] the priest wears black, changing to violet for the communion part of the service. In Anglican services, [[black vestments]] are sometimes used. In the [[United Methodist Church]], black is the liturgical colour used on Good Friday.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=do7TAAAAMAAJ&q=liturgical+colors+Good+Friday+United+Methodist+Methodist|title=Christian Advocate, Volume 5|publisher=[[The United Methodist Church]]|year=1961|quote=The liturgical color for the Lenten season is violet or purple, except for Good Friday when black is used.|access-date=1 April 2012}}</ref>  In the [[Lutheran]] churches, black is also the liturgical color used this day, and clergy typically wear a black [[cassock]].

[[Moravian Church|Moravians]] hold a [[Lovefeast]] on Good Friday as they receive Holy Communion on [[Maundy Thursday]]. Communicants of the Moravian Church practice the Good Friday tradition of cleaning [[God's Acre|gravestones in Moravian cemeteries]].<ref name="WSJ2020">{{cite web |title=PHOTOS: Cleaning Moravian gravestones, a Good Friday tradition |url=https://www.journalnow.com/news/local/photos-cleaning-moravian-gravestones-a-good-friday-tradition |publisher=[[Winston-Salem Journal]] |access-date=11 April 2020 |language=en |date=10 April 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Holy Saturday==
{{Main|Holy Saturday}}
[[File:Resurrection.JPG|thumb|''Jesus Resurrected'' by [[Piero della Francesca]] (15th century).]] 

Also called Black Saturday,{{cn|date=March 2021}} is a vigil service that is held after nightfall on Holy Saturday, or before dawn on Easter Sunday, in commemoration Jesus' death, [[sabbath|sabbath rest]], and [[harrowing of Hell]]. Many of the details that follow hold for Anglican and Evangelical Lutheran churches as well as Catholic worship.  The ceremony of darkness and light is held at the beginning of the [[Easter Vigil]] Mass. The [[paschal candle]], whose lighting symbolizes the resurrection of Christ from the dead,<ref>[http://www.elca.org/Growing-In-Faith/Worship/Learning-Center/FAQs/Paschal-Candle.aspx How do we use a paschal candle]</ref> is lit from the new Easter fire. The solemn procession to the altar with the Paschal candle is formed. Once everyone has processed in, the [[Exsultet]] is intoned.

After the Exsultet, everyone is seated and listens to seven readings from the [[Old Testament]] and seven [[psalms]] and [[Canticle|canticles]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2021-04-03 |title=Holy SaturdayAt the Easter Vigil in the Holy Night of Easter {{!}} USCCB |url=https://bible.usccb.org/bible/readings/040321.cfm |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=bible.usccb.org |language=en}}</ref> At least three of these readings and associated psalms and canticles must be read, which must include the account of the deliverance of the Israelites at the Red Sea from the [[Book of Exodus]], a central event of the first [[Passover]].<ref name=":0" /> [[pastoral care|Pastoral]] conditions are taken into account when deciding on the number of readings.<ref name="Catholic culture">[http://www.catholicculture.org/culture/liturgicalyear/activities/view.cfm?id=1043 Catholic Culture] accessed 12 August 2010</ref><ref name=USCCB>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120421221304/http://www.nccbuscc.org/liturgy/eastervigil.shtml United States Conference of Catholic Bishops]}}. Accessed 12 August 2010</ref><ref name="CL Vigil">[http://www.catholicliturgy.com/index.cfm/FuseAction/documentText/Index/2/SubIndex/38/ContentIndex/327/Start/319 Catholic Liturgy, Easter Sunday of the Lord's Resurrection, The Easter Vigil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427183907/http://www.catholicliturgy.com/index.cfm/FuseAction/documentText/Index/2/SubIndex/38/ContentIndex/327/Start/319 |date=27 April 2014 }}. Accessed 12 August 2010</ref> These readings account salvation history, beginning with Creation. In Anglican worship, there are nine possible readings from the [[Old Testament]], and a minimum of two must be read, which must include the account of Israel's deliverance at the Red Sea.

In Catholic practice, during the [[Gloria in Excelsis Deo|Gloria]] at the Mass, the organ and church bells are used in the liturgy for the first time in two days.<ref>Catholic City  [http://www.catholicity.com/encyclopedia/h/holy_week.html Tenbrae] Retrieved on 5 April 2007</ref>  If the lights of the Church have been previously left off, they are turned on as the Gloria begins. The Paschal candle is used to bless the [[baptismal font]] to be used in the celebration of the sacrament.  The Great Alleluia is sung before the Gospel is read, [[Alleluia]] being used for the first time since before Lent. People receiving full initiation in the Church, who have completed their training, are given the Sacraments of [[Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults|Christian initiation]] ([[Baptism]], [[Confirmation (Christian sacrament)|Confirmation]], and the [[Holy Eucharist]]). In Catholic and Anglican tradition, the Easter Vigil is an especially appropriate day for Holy Baptism.

In current practice, the use of lighting to signify the emergence from [[sin]] and the resurrection of Jesus varies, from the use of candles held by parishioners as well as [[candelabra]] lit throughout the church.  If statues and images have been veiled during the last two weeks of Lent, they are unveiled, without ceremony, before the Easter Vigil service begins.<ref name=veiling/> (In the 1962 Catholic missal and earlier missals, they are unveiled during the "Gloria in Excelsis" of the Easter Vigil Mass.)

Color of vestments and hangings: white, often together with gold, with yellow and white flowers often in use in many parishes.

Easter Masses are held throughout the day and are similar in content to the Easter Vigil Mass.

==Easter time==
{{Main|Eastertide}}
The date of Easter [[Easter#Date|varies from year to year]]. It occurs on the first Sunday after the first full moon on or after 21 March, a date taken, in accordance with an ancient ecclesiastical tradition, to be that of the spring equinox, but which does not always correspond to the astronomical equinox. The [[Julian Calendar]] is taken as the basis of the calculations by nearly all [[Oriental Orthodox]] and [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]es and is accepted even by [[Latin Church]] Catholics in countries such as [[Ethiopia]] and [[Greece]].   

In the 20th and 21st centuries, the Julian Calendar's 21 March corresponds to 3 April in the [[Gregorian Calendar]], the calendar used for civil purposes in most countries. The earliest possible date for Easter is 22 March, and the latest 25 April. These dates in the Julian Calendar now correspond to the Gregorian Calendar's 4 April and 8 May.

During the Easter [[Octave (liturgical)|octave]] (and also during Holy Week) no other feast is celebrated. If Easter is very early, the solemnity of the [[Annunciation]] (25 March) may fall within the octave or Holy Week and is then transferred to the Monday after the octave.<ref>Universal Norms on the Calendar, 60. This is an exception to the normal rule that impeded solemnities are transferred to the closest day not ranked as feast or higher.</ref>

The Sundays of Advent, Lent, and Easter have precedence over all feasts and solemnities, solemnities being then transferred to the following Monday, unless they occur on Palm Sunday or on Sunday of the Lord's Resurrection.<ref>Universal Norms on the Calendar, 5</ref> "The Solemnity of Saint Joseph, where it is observed as a Holy day of Obligation, should it fall on Palm Sunday of the Lord's Passion, is anticipated on the preceding Saturday, 18 March. Where, on the other hand, it is not observed as a Holy day of Obligation, it may be transferred by the Conference of Bishops to another day outside Lent."<ref>Universal Norms on the Calendar, 56</ref>

The solemnity of the [[Ascension of Jesus Christ|Ascension]] is on the fortieth day of Easter, which is always a Thursday, although it may be observed on the following Sunday. [[Pentecost]] (or [[Whitsun]]) is the fiftieth day.

The Easter season extends from the Easter Vigil through Pentecost Sunday on the Roman Catholic, Anglo-Catholic and Protestant calendars. In the pre-1970 Roman Catholic calendar the octave of Pentecost is included in Eastertide, which thus ends at [[None (liturgy)|None]] of the following [[Ember Saturday]].

During the 50-day Easter period, vestments are generally white or gold, but red when celebrating apostles and martyrs and on the solemnity of Pentecost. In the pre-1970 Roman Catholic calendar, with its 56-day Eastertide, red was used during the octave of Pentecost.

==See also==
*[[Holy Week]]
*[[Holy Week procession]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.usccb.org/liturgy/triduumquestions.shtml Eighteen Questions on the Paschal Triduum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808213219/http://www.usccb.org/liturgy/triduumquestions.shtml |date=8 August 2011 }}
*[http://www.gbod.org/site/apps/nlnet/content3.aspx?c=nhLRJ2PMKsG&b=5560695&ct=7793155#notes The Three Days (The United Methodist Church GBOD)]{{Dead link|date=May 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Easter}}
{{Liturgical year of the Catholic Church}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Catholic liturgy]]
[[Category:Catholic spirituality]]
[[Category:Holy Week]]
[[Category:Catholic devotions]]