View source for Parnassiinae

{{Short description|Subfamily of butterflies}}
{{Automatic_taxobox
| image = Parnassius_pheobus.jpg
| image_caption = Small Apollo (''[[Parnassius phoebus]]'')
| taxon = Parnassiinae
| subdivision_ranks = Tribes
| subdivision = See text
}}

The '''Parnassiinae''' or '''snow Apollos''' are a subfamily of the swallowtail butterfly family, [[Papilionidae]]. 
The subfamily includes about 50 medium-sized, white or yellow species.<ref>''The Butterflies of North America'', James A. Scott, {{ISBN|0-8047-1205-0}}, 1986</ref>  The snow Apollos are high-altitude butterflies and are distributed across [[Asia]], [[Europe]] and [[North America]].<ref>Ackery PR (1975) A guide to the genera and species of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera:Papilionidae). ''Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist.'' (Ent.) 31, 4 [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19631#page/112/mode/2up pdf]</ref>

==Tribes==
{{Cladogram
|caption=A proposed phylogeny of the ''Parnassius'' and related groups.<ref>Nazari, V., Zakharov, E.V., and Sperling, F.A.H., 2007. Phylogeny, historical biogeography, and taxonomic ranking of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) based on morphology and seven genes. Molecular phylogenetics and Evolution, 42: 131-156. [http://www.uoguelph.ca/~vnazari/Nazari_et_al_2006_MP_E.pdf pdf] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606231126/http://www.uoguelph.ca/~vnazari/Nazari_et_al_2006_MP_E.pdf |date=June 6, 2011 }}</ref>
|clades={{Clade | style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
	| label1=Parnassinae
	| 1={{Clade
		| label1=Parnassiini
		| 1={{Clade
			| 1=''[[Hypermnestra helios|Hypermnestra]]''
			| 2=''[[Parnassius]]''
			}}
		| label2=Luehdorfiini
		| 2={{Clade
			| 1={{Clade
				| 1=''[[Archon (lepidoptera)|Archon]]''
				| 2= ''[[Doritites bosniackii]]''
				}}
			| 2=''[[Luehdorfia]]''
			}}
		| label3=Zerythiini
		| 3={{Clade
			| 1=''[[Sericinus]]''
			| 2={{Clade
				| 1=''[[Bhutanitis]]''
				| 2={{Clade
					| 1= ''[[Zerynthia]]''
					| 2= ''[[Allancastria]]''
					}}
				}}
			}} 
		|4= ? ''[[Thaites]]''
		}} 
}}
}}

This subfamily consists of the following tribes:

* [[Luehdorfiini]]
* [[Parnassiini]]
* [[Zerynthiini]]

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Hypermnestrahelios (2) cropped.jpg|{{center|''[[Hypermnestra helios]]''<br/>tribe Parnassiini}}
File:Parnassius phoebus MHNT CUT 2013 3 6 Arvieux female dos.jpg|{{center|[[Apollo (butterfly)|Mountain Apollo]]<br/>(''Parnassius apollo'')<br/>tribe Parnassiini}}
File:Parnassius mnemosyne2.JPG|{{center|[[Clouded Apollo]]<br/>(''Parnassius mnemosyne'')<br/>tribe Parnassiini}}
File:Archon_apollinus_bellargus_1.jpg|{{center|False Apollo<br/>(''[[Archon apollinus]]'')<br/>tribe Luehdorfiini}}
File:Luehdorfia japonica on ground.JPG|{{center|Japanese luehdorfia<br/>(''[[Luehdorfia japonica]]'')<br/>tribe Luehdorfiini}}
File:DianeJLH.jpg|{{center|Southern festoon<br/>(''[[Zerynthia polyxena]]'')<br/>tribe Zerythiini}}
File:Allancastria_cerisyi.jpg|{{center|Eastern festoon<br/>(''[[Allancastria cerisyi]]'')<br/>tribe Zerythiini}}
File:BhutliddCRW_4351.jpg|{{center|Bhutan glory<br/>(''[[Bhutanitis lidderdalii]]'')<br/>tribe Zerythiini}}
</gallery>

==References==
<references/>

==Further reading==
* Glassberg, Jeffrey ''Butterflies through Binoculars, The West'' (2001)
* Guppy, Crispin S. and Shepard, Jon H. ''Butterflies of British Columbia'' (2001)
* James, David G. and Nunnallee, David ''Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies'' (2011)
* Pelham, Jonathan ''Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada'' (2008)
* Pyle, Robert Michael ''The Butterflies of Cascadia'' (2002)

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikispecies}}

* [http://tolweb.org/Parnassiinae/65387 Tree of Life Parnassiinae]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071001090846/http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=84659 Fauna Europaea]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061217023523/http://www.goliathus.cz/en/museum-parnassidae-30.html ''Parnassius'' gallery]
* [http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/ Butterflies and Moths of North America]
* [http://www.butterfliesofamerica.com/ Butterflies of America]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q773859}}

[[Category:Papilionidae]]
[[Category:Butterfly subfamilies]]