View source for Park system

{{Short description|Connected green spaces}}
{{About|the urban architecture form|the South Korean scientific instrument manufacturer|Park Systems|the electrical engineering term|Dqo transformation|the type of independent government body dedicated to operating parks|park district}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}

[[Image:london-park-system.jpg|thumb|right|The County of London Park System, planned by [[Patrick Abercrombie]] in 1943-4|300px]]  A '''park system''', also known as an open space system, is a network of [[park|parks]] and other green spaces that are connected by public walkways, bridleways or cycleways. The concept first emerged with the need to minimize fragmentation of natural environments and was referred to as "[[Wildlife corridor|patch and corridor]]."<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|last1=Ahern|first1=Jack|title=Greenways as a Planning Strategy|journal=Landscape and Urban Planning|date=1995|volume=33|issue=1–3 |pages=131–155|url=http://ac.els-cdn.com/016920469502039V/1-s2.0-016920469502039V-main.pdf?_tid=40541390-2eb5-11e7-81ea-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1493674346_9ae3299e8869afa5e4604041c0ca6552|doi=10.1016/0169-2046(95)02039-v|bibcode=1995LUrbP..33..131A }}</ref> In modern [[landscape architecture]], the park system is collaborating with the idea of planning [[Greenway (landscape)|greenways]], which run through urban and rural areas. These systems can serve the landscape through ecological, recreational, social, cultural, and healthful measures, and are designed with intentions of [[Sustainable development|sustainability]].<ref name=":0" />

One of the earliest park systems, in London, came into existence by chance. As London expanded around former royal parks in the nineteenth century, [[St. James's Park]], [[Green Park]] and [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]] became part of the urban area. This arrangement was admired in France and adopted for the nineteenth century re-planning of Paris by [[Baron Haussmann]]. It was also admired by [[Frederick Law Olmsted]] and used to create the famous [[Emerald Necklace]] in Boston. Another example is [[Ebenezer Howard]]'s Adirondack Park concept. These green networks were part of the nineteenth century [[Garden city movement|Garden City Movement]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Zube|first=Ervin H.|date=1995|title=Greenways and the U.S. National Park System|url=http://ac.els-cdn.com/0169204694020114/1-s2.0-0169204694020114-main.pdf?_tid=b9cbffaa-2eb8-11e7-9307-00000aacb35f&acdnat=1493675838_474529eabbfc6b0dd0ddea0aa781e5a6|journal=Landscape and Urban Planning|volume=33|issue=1–3 |pages=17–25|doi=10.1016/0169-2046(94)02011-4|bibcode=1995LUrbP..33...17Z }}</ref>

In 1927, the [[Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission]] was formed to plan and acquire parklands along stream valley corridors in the then-rural northern and eastern suburbs of Washington, D.C.  Over 33,000 acres (130&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) are now protected in the [[Montgomery County, Maryland]] portion and provide welcome green space in this urbanized region.  A major proposal for a park system was included in [[Patrick Abercrombie]]'s 1943-4 [[County of London Plan]].

The largest continuous urban parks system in [[North America]] is the [[North Saskatchewan River valley parks system]] in [[Edmonton]], [[Alberta]], Canada, which is {{convert|7400|ha|acre|abbr=on}} in size and {{convert|48|km|mi|abbr=on}} in length, and also includes 22 ravines, which have a combined total length of {{convert|103|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Ribbon>{{cite web | url=http://www.edmonton.ca/environmental/documents/Ribbon_of_GreenMaster_Plan.pdf#xml=http://search1.edmonton.ca/texis/ThunderstoneSearchService/pdfhi.txt?query=north+saskatchewan+river+valley&pr=www.edmonton.ca&prox=page&rorder=750&rprox=250&rdfreq=0&rwfreq=0&rlead=750&rdepth=0&sufs=1&order=r&cq=&id=4d9aed517 | title=Ribbon of Green: North Saskatchewan River Valley and Ravine System Master Plan | publisher=City of Edmonton | accessdate=2011-09-20}}</ref> The largest urban parks system in [[Australia]] is the [[Western Sydney Parklands]], which is {{convert|5280|ha|acre|abbr=on}} in size and {{convert|27|km|mi|abbr=on}} in length.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/planmanagement/draft/WesternSydneyRPPOMFinalDraft.pdf |title=Western Sydney Regional Park Draft Plan of Management |publisher=NSW Government |accessdate=16 May 2013 |quote=It is approximately 5,280 hectares in size and is the largest urban park in Australia}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Greenway (landscape)]]
*[[Landscape architecture]]
*[[Landscape planning]]
*[[National Park Service#National Park System]] of the United States
*[[Principles of intelligent urbanism]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Urban planning]]
[[Category:Parks]]


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