View source for Paradoxurus

{{Short description|Genus of carnivores}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = ''Paradoxurus''<ref name=MSW3>{{MSW3 Wozencraft |pages=550–551 |id=14000316 |heading=Genus ''Paradoxurus''}}</ref>
| image = Paradox_hermaph_060924_ltn.jpg
| image_caption = [[Asian palm civet]] (''Paradoxurus hermaphroditus'')
| taxon = Paradoxurus
| authority = [[Frédéric Cuvier|Cuvier]], 1822
| type_species = ''[[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus|Viverra hermaphrodita]]''<ref>{{MSW3|id=14000316}}</ref>
| type_species_authority = [[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1777
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = see table
| range_map = Paradoxurus range.png
| range_map_caption = ''Paradoxurus'' ranges
}}

'''''Paradoxurus''''' is a [[genus]] of three palm civets within the [[Viverridae|viverrid]] [[Family (biology)|family]] that was denominated and first described by [[Frédéric Cuvier]] in 1822.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Cuvier, F. |year=1822 |title=Du genre Paradoxure et de deux espèces nouvelles qui s'y rapportent |journal=Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle Paris |volume=9 |pages=41–48 |url=https://archive.org/stream/mmoiresdumus91822mus#page/n55/mode/2up}}</ref>
The ''Paradoxurus'' [[species]] have a broad head, a narrow muzzle with a large [[rhinarium]] that is deeply sulcate in the middle. Their large ears are rounded at the tip. The tail is nearly as long as the head and body.<ref name=Pocock1939>{{cite book |author=Pocock, R. I. |year=1939 |title=The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma |volume=1. Mammalia |publisher=Taylor and Francis |location=London |chapter=''Paradoxurus'' |pages=379–415 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/PocockMammalia1/pocock1#page/n463/mode/2up}}</ref>

The three species are the [[Asian palm civet]], the [[Golden palm civet]], and the [[Brown palm civet]].<ref name=MSW3/>

== Characteristics ==
''Paradoxurus'' species have a broad head, a narrow muzzle with a large rhinarium that is deeply sulcate in the middle. Their large ears are rounded at the tip, the interior ridges and [[Bursa (anatomy)|bursa]]e are well developed. The skull exhibits marked muscular moulding, and the postorbital area is deeply constricted shortly behind the well-developed [[postorbital process]]es. It is considerably narrower than the interorbital area and than the muzzle above the [[Canine tooth|canine]]s. The dental formula is {{DentalFormula|upper=3.1.4.2|lower=3.1.4.2}}. The [[Palate (bones)|palate]] is not produced behind to cover the anterior half of the mesopterygoid [[Fossa (anatomy)|fossa]], and is flat and expanded between the posterior cheek teeth. The tail is nearly as long as the head and body, sometimes quite as long, and about six times as long as the hind foot.<ref name=Pocock1939/> Males do not have [[Baculum|bacula]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ewer |first=R. F. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Carnivores/IETMd3-lSlkC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA32&printsec=frontcover |title=The Carnivores |date=1998 |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=978-0-8014-8493-3 |language=en}}</ref>

==Taxonomy==
As of 2005, this genus was defined as comprising three [[species]] native to [[Southeast Asia]]:<ref name=MSW3/>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Image !! Distribution
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|[[Asian palm civet]], ''P. hermaphroditus'' {{small|([[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1777)}}<ref>{{cite book |author=Pallas, P. S. |year=1778 |chapter=Das Zwitterstinkthier |page=426 |editor=Schreber, J. C. D. |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/SaYugthiereAbbiIIISchr#page/426/mode/2up |title=Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen |location=Erlangen |publisher=Wolfgang Walther}}</ref> ||[[File:Asian Palm Civet (14157389395).jpg|frameless]] ||[[File:Asian Palm Civet area.png|frameless]]
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|[[Golden palm civet]], ''P. zeylonensis'' {{small|Pallas, 1778}}<ref>{{cite book |author=Pallas, P. S. |year=1778 |chapter=Der Boshond |page=451 |editor=Schreber, J. C. D. |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/SaYugthiereAbbiIIISchr#page/450/mode/2up |title=Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen |location=Erlangen |publisher=Wolfgang Walther}}</ref> ||[[File:Paradoxurus zeylonensis 2.jpg|frameless]] ||[[Sri Lanka]]
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|[[Brown palm civet]], ''P. jerdoni'' {{small|[[William Thomas Blanford|Blanford]], 1885}}<ref>{{cite journal |author=Blanford, W. T. |year=1885|title=A Monograph of the Genus ''Paradoxurus'', F. Cuvier |journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London |volume=53 |issue=4|pages= 780–808 |url=https://archive.org/stream/proceedingsofgen85zool#page/802/mode/1up |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.1885.tb02921.x}}</ref> ||[[File:Brown palm civet.jpg|frameless]] ||Western Ghats, India
|-
|}

In 2009, it was proposed to also include the [[Paradoxurus aureus|golden wet-zone palm civet]] (''P. aureus'',  [[Frédéric Cuvier|Cuvier]], 1822), the [[Paradoxurus montanus|Sri Lankan brown palm civet]] (''P. montanus'', [[Edward Frederick Kelaart|Kelaart]], 1852) and the [[Paradoxurus stenocephalus|golden dry-zone palm civet]] (''P. stenocephalus'', [[Colin Groves|Groves]] et al., 2009), which are [[endemic]] to Sri Lanka.<ref name=Groves>{{cite journal |author=Groves, C. P. |author2=Rajapaksha, C. |author3=Mamemandra-Arachchi, K. |title=The taxonomy of the endemic golden palm civet of Sri Lanka |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=155 |pages=238–251 |year=2009 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00451.x |url=http://www.lakdasun.org/forum/doc_base/endemic_golden_palm_civet_of_sri_lanka.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103010218/http://www.lakdasun.org/forum/doc_base/endemic_golden_palm_civet_of_sri_lanka.pdf|url-status=usurped|archive-date=November 3, 2014}}</ref> A subsequent study found very low [[genetic diversity]] and no geographical structure within the golden palm civet and did not support the proposed split.<ref name=Veron-2015>{{cite journal |last1=Veron |first1=G. |last2=Patou |first2=M.-L. |last3=Tóth |first3=M. |last4=Goonatilake |first4=M. |last5=Jennings |first5=A. P. |year=2015 |title=How many species of ''Paradoxurus'' civets are there? New insights from India and Sri Lanka |journal=Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research |volume=53 |issue=2 |pages=161–174 |doi=10.1111/jzs.12085 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267696617|doi-access=free }}</ref> Comparison of morphological data indicate that the Asian palm civet comprises three major [[clade]]s that should be recognized as separate species: namely one in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia (as ''[[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]]'' sensu stricto), one in [[Sumatra]], [[Java]] and other small islands (''[[Paradoxurus musanga]]''), and the third in the [[Philippines]] and the [[Mentawai Islands]] (''[[Paradoxurus philippensis]]'').<ref name=Veron-2015/> Genetic data, however, do not support species level distinction.<ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |author=Duckworth, J.W. |author2=Timmins, R.J. |author3=Choudhury, A. |author4=Chutipong, W. |author5=Willcox, D.H.A. |author6=Mudappa, D. |author7=Rahman, H. |author8=Widmann, P. |author9=Wilting, A. |author10=Xu, W. |name-list-style=amp |title=''Paradoxurus hermaphroditus'' |page=e.T41693A45217835 |date=2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category-inline}}
*{{BioRef|asm|genus=Paradoxurus |access-date=3 June 2019}}

{{Carnivora|V.}}
{{Feliformia|F.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q887918}}

[[Category:Paradoxurus| ]]
[[Category:Viverrids]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Frédéric Cuvier]]
[[Category:Carnivoran genera]]


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