View source for Papyrus 90

{{New Testament manuscript infobox
| form   = Papyrus
| number = '''90'''
| image  = Papyrus 90 (John 19.1-7).jpg
| isize  = 
| caption= 
| name   = P. Oxy L 3523
| sign   = {{papyrus|90}}
| text   = [[Gospel of John|John]] 18:36-19:1r+19:1-7v
| script = [[Greek language|Greek]]
| date   = c. 150-200
| found  = [[Oxyrhynchus]], [[Egypt]]
| now at = Papyrology Rooms, [[Sackler Library]], [[Oxford]]
| cite   = 
| size   = 16 x 12 cm
| type   = [[Alexandrian text-type]]
| cat    = I
| hand   = 
| note   = 
}}
'''Papyrus 90''', also known as '''P. Oxy. L 3523''', is a small fragment from the [[Gospel of John]] 18:36-19:7. It is designated by the [[siglum]] {{papyrus|90}} in the [[Biblical manuscript#Gregory-Aland|Gregory-Aland]] numbering of New Testament manuscripts. Using the study of comparative writing styles ([[palaeography]]), it has been assigned to the late 2nd century CE.<ref>{{Cite journal | first1=Pasquale | last1=Orsini | first2=Willy | last2=Clarysse | title=Early New Testament Manuscripts and Their Dates; A Critique of Theological Palaeography | journal=Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses | volume=88 | issue=4 | year=2012 | pages=466 | via=Peeters Online Journals | url=https://poj.peeters-leuven.be/content.php?url=article&id=2957937&journal_code=ETL}}</ref>

== Description ==

The papyrus is written on both sides, indicating this was likely a [[codex]] (the precursor to the modern [[book]]). It is currently housed at the [[Sackler Library]] (Papyrology Rooms, P. Oxy. 3523) in [[Oxford]].{{r|Aland}}<ref>{{Cite web | title=Liste Handschriften: Papyrus 90 | publisher=Institute for New Testament Textual Research | location=Münster | url=http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php?ObjID=10095 | access-date=27 August 2011}}</ref>

== Text ==

The Greek text of this codex is considered a representative of the [[Alexandrian text-type]]. Due to its early date, Biblical scholar [[Kurt Aland]] placed it in [[Categories of New Testament manuscripts#Category I|Category I]] of his New Testament classification system.<ref name="Aland">{{Cite book | first1=Kurt | author-link=Kurt Aland  | last1=Aland | first2=Barbara | last2=Aland | author-link2=Barbara Aland | translator=Erroll F. Rhodes | title=The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism | pages=102, 159 | year=1995 | publisher=[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]] | location=Grand Rapids | isbn=978-0-8028-4098-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2pYDsAhUOxAC}}</ref>

Papyrologist and biblical scholar [[Philip W. Comfort]] says "{{papyrus|90}} has [close] textual affinity with {{papyrus link|66}} ... [and] some affinity with [[Codex Sinaiticus]] ([[Codex Sinaiticus|א]])."<ref>{{Cite book | first=Philip Wesley | last=Comfort | author-link=Philip Comfort | title=Encountering the Manuscripts: An Introduction to New Testament Paleography & Textual Criticism | page=74 | year=2005 | publisher=Broadman & Holman Publishers | location=Nashville, Tennessee}}</ref>

; Transcription of Papyrus Manuscript
Letters in '''Bold''' are extant in the manuscript.
''[[Gospel of John]] 18:36-19:1'' (recto)

{{quote|
BAΣ'''IΛEIA H EM'''H OI YΠHPETAI OI EMOI<br/>
HΓ'''ΩNIZONTO''' AN INA MH ΠAPAΔOΘΩ<br/>
'''TOIΣ IOYΔ'''A'''IOIΣ''' NYN ΔE H BAΣIΛEIA H<br/>
'''EMH OYK '''E'''ΣTIN''' ENTEYΘEN EIΠEN<br/>
'''OYN AYTΩ O''' Π'''E'''IΛATOΣ OYKOYN BAΣI-<br/>
'''ΛEYΣ ΣY EI AΠ'''EKPIΘH O IΣE ΣY ΛEΓEIΣ<br/>
'''OTI BAΣIΛEYΣ''' EIMI EΓΩ EIΣ TOYTO <br/>
'''ΓEΓENN'''H'''MA'''I KAI EIΣ TOYTO EΛHΛYΘ-<br/>
'''A EIΣ TO'''N KOΣMON INA MAPTYPH-<br/>
'''ΣΩ''' T'''H AΛ'''HΘEIA ΠAΣ O ΩN EK THΣ<br/>
'''AΛ'''H'''ΘEIA'''Σ AKOYEI MOY THΣ ΦΩNHΣ<br/>
'''ΛEΓEI AYTΩ O Π'''EIΛATOΣ TI EΣTIN<br/>
'''AΛHΘEIA KAI TO'''YTO EIΠΩN ΠAΛIN<br/>
'''EΞHΛΘEN ΠPOΣ T'''OYΣ IOYΔAIOYΣ<br/>
K'''AI ΛEΓEI AYTOIΣ''' EΓΩ OYΔEMIAN<br/>
EY'''PIΣKΩ EN AYT'''Ω AITIAN EΣTIN<br/>
ΔE '''ΣYNHΘ'''E'''IA YM'''EIN INA ENA AΠ-<br/>
OΛY'''ΣΩ YMEIN''' EN TΩ ΠAΣXA BOYΛE-<br/>
'''ΣΘE OYN INA''' AΠOΛYΣΩ YMIN TON<br/>
'''BAΣIΛEA T'''ΩN IOYΔAIΩN EKPAYΓ-<br/>
'''AΣAN OYN Π'''AΛIN ΛEΓONTEΣ MH<br/>
'''TOYTON AΛ'''ΛA TON BAPABBAN HN<br/>
'''DE O BAPABB'''AΣ ΛHΣTHΣ TOTE OYN<br/>
'''ΛABΩN O ΠEIΛ'''ATOΣ TON IΣE KAI EMA-
...}}

{{quote|
bas'''ileia ē em'''ē oi upēretai oi emoi <br/>
ēg'''ōnizonto''' an ina mē paradothō <br/>
'''tois ioud'''a'''iois''' nun de ē basileia ē <br/>
'''emē ouk''' e'''stin''' enteuthen eipen <br/>
'''oun autō o''' p'''e'''ilatos oukoun basi-<br/>
'''leus su ei ap'''ekrithē o ise su legeis <br/>
'''oti basileus''' eimi egō eis touto<br/>
'''gegenn'''ē'''ma'''i kai eis touto elēluth-<br/>
'''a eis to'''n kosmon ina marturē-<br/>
'''sō''' t'''ē al'''ētheia pas o ōn ek tēs <br/>
'''al'''ē'''theia'''s akouei mou tēs phōnēs <br/>
'''legei autō o p'''eilatos ti estin <br/>
'''alētheia kai to'''uto eipōn palin <br/>
'''exēlthen pros t'''ous ioudaious <br/>
k'''ai legei autois''' egō oudemian <br/>
eu'''riskō en aut'''ō aitian estin <br/>
de '''sunēth'''e'''ia um'''ien ina ena ap-<br/>
olu'''sō umien''' en tō pascha boule-<br/>
'''sthe oun ina''' apolusō umin ton <br/>
'''basilea t'''ōn ioudaiōn ekraug-<br/>
'''asan oun p'''alin legontes mē <br/>
'''touton al'''la ton barabban ēn <br/>
'''de o barabb'''as lēstēs tote oun <br/>
'''labōn o peil'''atos ton ise kai ema-
...}}

{{quote|
'''kingdom, my''' servants for me would<br/>
'''fighteth,''' so that I would not be delivered<br/>
'''unto the Jews:''' but now this kingdom of <br/>
'''mine is not''' from hence. Said<br/>
'''therefore to him Pilate,''' "Then<br/>
'''a king thou art?" answered''' Jesus, "Thou said<br/>
'''that king''' I am. For this I <br/>
'''have been born, and''' for this<br/>
'''I have come into''' the world, so that<br/>
'''I would testify to the truth.''' Everyone who is of the<br/>
'''truth''' hears of me my voice."<br/>
'''Said to him Pilate,''' "What is <br/>
'''truth?" And this''' having said, again<br/>
'''he went out unto''' the Jews<br/>
'''and said to them,''' "I do not<br/>
'''find in him''' guilt.There is, <br/>
though, '''a custom for you,''' that<br/> 
'''I should release unto you''' one at the Passover:<br/>
'''do you wish then that''' I would release unto you<br/>
'''the King of''' the Jews?"<br/>
'''They cried out so again,''' saying, "Not this<br/>
'''man, but''' [[Barabbas]]!"<br/>
'''Now Barabbas''' was a robber. Then therefore<br/>
'''Pilate took''' Jesus, and
...}}

''[[Gospel of John]] 19:1-7'' (verso)

{{quote|
ΣTIΓΩΣEN KAI OI ΣT'''PATIΩTAI Π'''ΛE-<br/>
ΞANTEΣ ΣTEΦAN'''ON EΞ AKANΘΩ'''N<br/>
EΠEΘHKAN AYT'''OY TH''' K'''EΦAΛH KA'''I<br/>
IMATION ΠOPΦYP'''OYN ΠEPIEBA'''-<br/>
ΛON AYTON KAI HP'''XONTO ΠPOΣ AY'''-<br/>
TON KAI EΛEΓON '''XA'''I'''PE O BAΣIΛEY'''-<br/>
Σ TΩN IOYΔAIΩN '''KAI EΔ'''I'''ΔOΣAN AY'''-<br/>
TΩ PAΠIΣMATA '''EΞ'''H'''ΛΘEN ΠAΛIN'''<br/>
O ΠEIΛATOΣ KAI LEΓEI '''AYTOIΣ IΔE'''<br/>
AΓΩ YMIN AYTON EΞ'''Ω INA ΓNΩ'''-<br/>
TE OTI AITIAN E'''N AYT'''Ω '''OYX EYPIΣ'''-<br/>
KΩ EΞHΛΘEN O'''YN O IΣE EΞΩ ΦOP'''-<br/>
ΩN TON AKAN'''ΘINON ΣTEΦANON'''<br/>
KAI TO ΠOPΦYP'''OYN IMATION KA'''I<br/>
ΛEΓEI AYTOIΣ I'''ΔOY O ANΘPΩΠO'''Σ<br/>
OTE OYN EIΔON A'''YTON OI APXIEPE'''IΣ<br/>
KAI OI YΠHPETAI '''EKPAZAN LE'''Γ'''O'''N-<br/>
TEΣ ΣTAYPΩΣON A'''YT'''ON '''ΛEΓEI AY'''-<br/>
TOIΣ O ΠEIΛATOΣ ΛAB'''ETE YMEIΣ'''<br/>
AYTON KAI ΣTAYPΩΣ'''ATE EΓΩ ΓAP'''<br/>
OYX EYPIΣKΩ EN AYT'''Ω AITIAN'''<br/>
AΠEKPIΘHΣAN OI IOYΔ'''AIOI HMEIΣ'''<br/>
NOMON EXOMEN KA'''I KATA TON'''
...}}

{{quote|
stigōsen kai oi st'''ratiōtai p'''le-<br/>
xantes stephan'''on ex akanthō'''n<br/>
epethēkan aut'''ou tē''' k'''ephalē ka'''i<br/>
imation porphur'''oun perieba'''-<br/>
lon auton kai ēr'''chonto pros au'''-<br/>
ton kai elegon '''cha'''i'''re o basileu'''-<br/>
s tōn ioudaiōn '''kai ed'''i'''dosan au'''-<br/>
tō rapismata '''ex'''ē'''lthen palin'''<br/>
o peilatos kai legei '''autois ide'''<br/>
agō umin auton ex'''ō ina gnō'''-<br/>
te oti aitian e'''n aut'''ō '''ouch euris'''-<br/>
kō exēlthen o'''un o ise exō phor'''-<br/>
ōn ton akan'''thinon stephanon'''<br/>
kai to porphur'''oun imation ka'''i<br/>
legei autois i'''dou o anthrōpo'''s<br/>
ote oun eidon a'''uton oi archeire'''is<br/>
kai oi upēretai '''ekrazan le'''g'''o'''n-<br/>
tes staurōson a'''ut'''on '''legei au'''-<br/>
tois o peilatos lab'''ete umeis'''<br/>
auton kai staurōs'''ate egō gar'''<br/>
ouch euriskō en aut'''ō aitian'''<br/>
apekrithēsan oi ioud'''aioi ēmeis'''<br/>
nomon echomen ka'''i kata ton'''
...}}

{{quote|
scourged him. And '''the soldiers having'''<br/>
woven '''a crown of thorns,'''<br/>
they put it on '''his head, and'''<br/>
a robe '''of purple they put around'''<br/>
him, and they did '''come to him,'''<br/>
and they said '''"Hail, King'''<br/>
of the Jews!" '''and they gave him'''<br/>
blows with their hands. And '''went forth again'''<br/>
Pilate, and said '''unto them, "Behold,'''<br/>
I bring him to you '''forth, so that you may know'''<br/>
that fault '''in him I do not find."'''<br/>
Came forth '''then Jesus without, wearing'''<br/>
the '''[[crown of thorns]],'''<br/>
and the '''purple robe. And'''<br/>
Pilate saith unto them, '''"Behold the man!"'''<br/>
When they so saw '''him, the chief priests'''<br/>
and officers '''cried out, saying,'''<br/>
"Crucify '''him!" Saith unto them'''<br/>
Pilate, '''"Take ye''' <br/>
him, and '''crucify him: for I'''<br/>
do not find in '''him guilt."'''<br/>
Answered the '''Jews, "We'''<br/>
have a law, '''and according to that'''
}}

==See also==
* [[List of New Testament papyri]]
* [[Oxyrhynchus Papyri]]

==References==
<references />

==Further reading==

* {{cite book|first=A.K. |last=Bowman |title=Oxyrhynchus Papyri |volume=50 |location=London |publisher=Egypt Exploration Society |year=1983 |pages=3–8 |isbn=0856980854}}
* {{cite journal |last=Robinson |first=James M. |title=Fragments from the Cartonnage of P75 |journal=Harvard Theological Review |publisher=Harvard Divinity School / Cambridge University Press |volume=101 |number= |date=2008 |pages=247 |issn=0017-8160}}
* {{Cite book | first=Philip Wesley | last=Comfort | author-link=Philip Comfort | author2=David P. Barrett | title=The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts | pages=619-612 | year=2001 | publisher=Tyndale House Publishers | location=Wheaton, Illinois | isbn=978-0-8423-5265-9}}

==Images==
* [https://portal.sds.ox.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/P_Oxy_L_3523_Gospel_of_John_18_36_-_19_7/21173956?file=37546708 High Resolution Digital Images of {{papyrus|90}}] from the University of Oxford's ''P.Oxy: Oxyrhyncus online''
* [http://www.csntm.org/manuscript/View/GA_P90 Digital Images of {{papyrus|90}}] online at the [[CSNTM]]

==External links==
* [http://www.papyrology.ox.ac.uk/POxy/ POxy – Oxyrhynchus Papyri online database]
* Robert B. Waltz. [http://www.skypoint.com/members/waltzmn/ManuscriptsPapyri.html#P90 ''NT Manuscripts: Papyri, Papyri {{papyrus|90}}.'']

{{New Testament papyri}}
{{Gospel of John}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Papyrus 0090}}
[[Category:New Testament papyri]]
[[Category:2nd-century biblical manuscripts]]
[[Category:Early Greek manuscripts of the New Testament]]
[[Category:Gospel of John papyri]]
[[Category:Barabbas]]
[[Category:Crown of thorns]]