View source for Papirosa

{{Short description|Cigarette design}}
[[File:Belomorkanal cigarettes.jpg|thumb|Two [[Belomorkanal]] papirosy, one with the carboard mouthpiece compressed in the typical manner before smoking (left)]]
A '''papirosa''' ({{langx|ru|папироса}}, plural: papirosy) is an implement for [[tobacco]] [[smoking]], a variant of [[cigarette filter|filter]]less [[cigarettes]]. It consists of a hollow cardboard tube extended by a [[Cigarette tube|thin paper tube]] filled with tobacco.<ref name="trista">[[Tricia Starks|Tricia A. Starks]], [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5637673/ A Revolutionary Attack on Tobacco: Bolshevik Antismoking Campaigns in the 1920s], Am J Public Health. 2017 November; 107(11): 1711–1717, {{doi|10.2105/AJPH.2017.304048}}</ref><ref name="tristab">[[Tricia Starks]], ''Smoking under the Tsars. A History of Tobacco in Imperial Russia'', ''Cornell University Press'', 2018, {{ISBN|1501722077}} </ref> The cardboard tube acts as a [[cigarette holder]] and is called {{lang|ru|мундштук}} (''mundshtuk'') in Russian, from German Mund+Stück, literally, "[[mouthpiece (disambiguation)|mouthpiece]]".

==Description==
[[File:Osman cigarettes from Niva Magazine.jpg|thumb|Osman pariposy. "Ideal for a gentleman, the best friend of a sportsman", 1914]]
[[Vasmer]]'s ''Etymological Dictionary'' claims that the word is borrowed from Polish ''[[wikt:papieros|papieros]]'' for "[[cigarette]]", where it is a [[portmanteau]] word "papier-" ("paper") + "-ros", the tail of "[[wikt:cigarros|cigarros]]".<ref>[https://lexicography.online/etymology/vasmer/%D0%BF/%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0 "папироса"] in [[Vasmer]]'s ''Etymological Dictionary''</ref>

The inner end of the mouthpiece is cut into dents which are bent to keep tobacco from travelling into the mouth. Modern papirosy can also contain a filter inside the mouthpiece.<ref>[https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200029221  МЕЖГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ СТАНДАРТ. ПАПИРОСЫ. Общие технические условия]</ref>

The two paper tubes: the mouthpiece and the tube for tobacco are called together "(papirosa) [[wikt:sleeve|sleeve]]" ({{langx|ru|Гильза папиросы}}). Papirosa sleeves may be sold separately to be filled with tobacco of choice using a special device, {{ill|cigarette stuffer|de|Zigarettenstopfer}} ({{langx|ru|набивочная машинка}}); the latter may also be used for stuffing any kind of [[cigarette tube]]s.<ref>[https://patents.google.com/patent/RU42398U1/ru Гильза папиросы] (patent)</ref>

While smoking, the mouthpiece is usually compressed to create two separate perpendicular flat surfaces, with one of them going into the mouth.

Papirosy was a unique Russian form of cigarettes invented in the 19th century. By 1914, 49,5% of all tobacco products produced in Russia was papirosy.<ref name=trista/><ref name=tristab/>

==Notable brands==
A popular cheap brand in the [[Soviet Union]] was [[Belomorkanal]]. These are still manufactured in some post-Soviet states.

It is claimed that [[Joseph Stalin]]'s favorite tobacco to stuff his [[Tobacco pipe|pipe]] was from {{ill|Herzegovina Flor|ru|Герцеговина Флор}} papirosy.<ref>[https://aif.ru/society/science/eti_sigarety_kuril_stalin_reportazh_iz_vserossiyskogo_instituta_tabaka «Эти сигареты курил Сталин»: репортаж из всероссийского института табака]</ref> It is possible that this is just a legend: the pipe requires a large cut of tobacco, otherwise it burns quickly. Film chronicles show that Stalin smoked cigarettes in a usual way.<ref>[https://autogear.ru/article/166/650/chem-znamenityi-papirosyi-gertsegovina-flor-i-pochemu-oni-tak-nazvanyi/ Узнаем чем знамениты папиросы «Герцеговина Флор» и почему они так названы] English translation: [https://en.delachieve.com/what-are-the-famous-herzegovina-flor-cigarettes-and-why-they-are-so-named/ What Are The Famous "Herzegovina Flor" Cigarettes And Why They Are So Named]</ref><ref>[https://tltaudit.ru/laboratory-tests/eti-sigarety-kuril-stalin-reportazh-iz-vserossiiskogo-instituta-tabaka-chto/ «Эти сигареты курил Сталин»: репортаж из всероссийского института табака. Что курил сталин Как работает курительная машина]</ref>

Other popular types include {{ill|Kazbek (papirosy|lt=Kazbek|ru|Казбек (папиросы)}}.

==See also==
* ''[[Papirosn]]''

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://rucig.ru/pap Папиросные пачки СССР (только РСФСР) и России (на основе коллекции Павла Киселева). Фото, описание папирос]

[[Category:Cigarettes]]
[[Category:Russian inventions]]