View source for Panurge

{{short description|Character from Gargantua and Pantagruel by François Rabelais}}
[[File:Panurge embroché.jpg|thumb|Panurge captured by the Turcs. (etching by [[Gustave Doré]])]]
'''Panurge''' (from {{langx|grc-x-koine|πανοῦργος|panóùrgos|ready for anything}}, used to mean "knave, rogue") is one of the principal characters in ''[[Gargantua and Pantagruel]]'', a series of five novels by [[François Rabelais]]. Especially important in the third and fourth books, he is an exceedingly crafty knave, libertine, and coward.<ref>{{Nuttall|inline=1|title=Panurge}}</ref>

In Chapter 9 of the second book, he shows that he can speak many languages ([[German language|German]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Scots language|Scottish]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Danish language|Danish]], [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Latin language|Latin]] and [[French language|French]]), including some of the first examples of a [[constructed language]].

In French, reference to Panurge occurs in the phrase ''{{ill|mouton de Panurge|fr|Mouton de Panurge (locution)}}'', which describes an individual who will blindly follow others regardless of the consequences. This is after a story in which Panurge buys a sheep from the merchant [[Dindenault]] and then throws the sheep into the sea as revenge for being overcharged. The rest of the sheep in the herd follow the first over the side of the boat despite the best efforts of the [[shepherd]].
{{blockquote|Suddenly, I do not know how, it happened, I did not have time to think, Panurge, without another word, threw his sheep, crying and bleating, into the sea. All the other sheep, crying and bleating in the same intonation, started to throw themselves in the sea after it, all in a line. The herd was such that once one jumped, so jumped its companions. It was not possible to stop them, as you know, with sheep, it's natural to always follow the first one, wherever it may go.|Francois Rabelais|Quart Livre, chapter VIII}}
==Other uses==
* ''[[Panurge (opera)|Panurge]]'' is also the title of an [[opera]] by [[Jules Massenet]], based on the character.
* [[Panurge (band)|Panurge]] is an alternative electronica trio from [[Vancouver, British Columbia]]
* "[[Octopus (Gentle Giant album)|The Advent of Panurge]]" is a song by [[Gentle Giant]].
* "Le mouton de Panurge" is a song by [[Georges Brassens]] (1964).
* ''Les Moutons de Panurge'' is a piece by composer [[Frederic Rzewski]] (1969).

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Gargantua and Pantagruel}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rabelais characters|Panurge]]
[[Category:Literary characters introduced in the 1530s]]
[[Category:Languages attested from the 16th century]]


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