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{{Short description|Brazilian breed of cattle}}
{{Infobox cattle breed
| name          = Pantaneiro
| image         = 
| image_size    =
| image_alt     = 
| image_caption = 
| status        = {{nobreak|[[FAO]] (2007): endangered{{r|barb|page=12}}}}
| altname       = {{ubl|Crioulo pantaneiro{{r|dad}}|Cuiabano{{r|erica|page=1610}}|Tucara{{r|dad}}|Tucura{{r|dad}}}}
| country       = Brazil
| distribution  = [[Pantanal]] region
| standard      = 
| use           = 
| nickname      = 
| maleweight    = 375 kg{{r|dad}}
| femaleweight  = 290 kg{{r|dad}}
| maleheight    = 126 cm{{r|dad}}
| femaleheight  = 119 cm{{r|dad}}
| skincolor     = 
| coat          = 
| horn          = 
| subspecies    = hybrid
| note          = 
}}

The '''Pantaneiro''' is a Brazilian [[List of cattle breeds|breed]] of [[Criollo cattle]] from the [[Pantanal]] wetland region of Brazil, where it has been raised for more than four hundred years. In the twenty-first century it is considered to be at risk of extinction.

== History ==

The Pantaneiro derives from Spanish cattle brought to the Americas by the ''[[conquistadores]]'' at the time of the [[colonisation]] of the [[Río de la Plata basin]].{{r|erica|page=1610}} Cattle were first brought to the [[Mato Grosso]] in the 1540s; in 1568 a herd of more than seven hundred head was carried off by local indigenous people and taken to the extensive [[wetlands]] of the [[Pantanal]], where they raised them for some two hundred years.{{r|cabi|p=267}} From the eighteenth century, when agreement was reached with the colonists, the stock was influenced by breeds of Portuguese origin such as the [[Curraleiro]] and [[Franqueiro]].{{r|cabi|p=267|erica|p2=1610}} [[DNA]] studies have shown that there has been contamination of the breed through the use of bulls of [[Zebu|zebuine]] breeds such as the [[Nelore]], introduced to the Pantanal region during the twentieth century;{{r|erica|page=1610}} approximately one quarter of the [[genome]] is of Nelore origin, while the [[mitochondrial DNA]] was found to be entirely [[taurine cattle|taurine]].{{r|cabi|p=267|erica|p2=1610}}

The Pantaneiro was the principal breed of the Pantanal for several centuries. It is now considered to be at risk of extinction.{{r|jose|page=67}} In 2003 a population of less than 1000 was reported.{{r|dad}}

== Characteristics ==

The Pantaneiro is a small breed; the coat is short, and brown or reddish-brown in colour, with a tendency to lighten on the back.{{r|erica|virg|page=1610}} It is well adapted to the extreme climatic conditions of the Pantanal region, which is characterised by high temperatures and periods both of flooding and high humidity, and of drought. The cattle are rustic and hardy, capable of surviving periods of food scarcity, and resistant to some diseases.{{r|maria|page=2}}

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name=barb>Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200623201209/http://www.fao.org/3/a1250e/annexes/List%20of%20breeds%20documented%20in%20the%20Global%20Databank%20for%20Animal%20Genetic%20Resources/List_breeds.pdf List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources], annex to [https://web.archive.org/web/20170110125634/http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{isbn|9789251057629}}. Archived 23 June 2020.</ref>

<ref name=cabi>Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). [https://books.google.it/books?id=2UEJDAAAQBAJ&hl=en ''Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding''] (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. {{isbn|9781780647944}}.</ref>

<ref name=dad>[http://dad.fao.org/cgi-bin/EfabisWeb.cgi?sid=0b1613ebf16355cf65f6a05b9a65fe25,reportsreport8a_50000738 Breed data sheet: Pantaneiro/Brazil]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed May 2016.</ref>

<ref name=erica>Érica Cunha Issa, Wilham Jorge, José Robson Bezerra Sereno (2005). [http://www.scielo.br/pdf/pab/v41n11/a06v4111.pdf Cytogenetic and molecular analysis of the Pantaneiro cattle breed]. ''Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira'' '''41''' (11): 1609–1615. {{doi|10.1590/S0100-204X2006001100006}}</ref>

<ref name=jose>José Achilles Tenuta (2004). [https://books.google.it/books?id=e-I6AQAAIAAJ ''Pantanal: um pedaço do Brasil = Pantanal. A piece of Brazil''] (in Portuguese and English). Goiânia: R & F Editora. {{isbn|9788587479211}}.</ref>

<ref name=maria>Maria Cristina Medeiros Mazza, José Benedito de Freitas Trovo, José Robson Bezerra Sereno, Roberto Aguilar Machado Santos Silva, Urbano Gomes Pinto de Abreu (1989). [http://www.cpap.embrapa.br/publicacoes/online/PA11.pdf Desempenho de bovinos pantaneiros no núcleo de conservação da fazenda Nhumirim, Nhecolândia, Pantanal: avaliação preliminar] (in Portuguese). ''Pesquisa em Andamento'' (11): 1–5. Corumbá: EMBRAPA-CPAP. {{issn|0102-7727}}.</ref>

<ref name=virg>Virgilio Corrêa Filho (1926). ''A propósito do boi Pantaneiro'' (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Paulo Pongetti. Cited by: Maria Cristina Medeiros Mazza, José Benedito de Freitas Trovo, José Robson Bezerra Sereno, Roberto Aguilar Machado Santos Silva, Urbano Gomes Pinto de Abreu (1989). [http://www.cpap.embrapa.br/publicacoes/online/PA11.pdf Desempenho de bovinos pantaneiros no núcleo de conservação da fazenda Nhumirim, Nhecolândia, Pantanal: avaliação preliminar] (in Portuguese). ''Pesquisa em Andamento'' (11): 1–5. Corumbá: EMBRAPA-CPAP. {{issn|0102-7727}}. Page 3.</ref>

}}

{{Cattle breeds of Brazil}}
[[Category:Cattle breeds originating in Brazil]]
[[Category:Fauna of the Pantanal]]

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