View source for Palestinian National Security Forces

{{Short description|PNA paramilitary security forces}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Use American English|date = March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox national military
| name = Palestinian National Security Forces
| native_name = قوات الأمن الوطني الفلسطيني
| image = Emblem of the Palestinian National Security Forces.svg
| caption = NSF Emblem
| founded = 1994
| branches = General Security<br />{{ill|Air Police (Palestine)|ar|الشرطة الجوية (فلسطين)}}<br />[[Palestinian Naval Police|Naval Police]]<br />{{ill|Military Liaison|ar|جهاز الارتباط العسكري (فلسطين)}}<br />{{ill|Military Intelligence (Palestine)|ar|الاستخبارات العسكرية (فلسطين)}}<ref name=pss_reform_A/><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200701205800/https://www.aljazeera.net/2007/10/07/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9</ref>
| website = <!--{{URL|example.mil}}-->
<!-- Leadership -->| minister = Major General al abd Ibrahim Khalil
| minister_title = Commander
| percent_GDP = <!-- Industrial -->
| ranks = [[Military ranks of Palestine]]
}}

The '''Palestinian National Security Forces''' ('''NSF'''; {{langx|ar|قوات الأمن الوطني الفلسطيني|''Quwwat al-Amn al-Watani al-Filastini''}}) are the [[paramilitary]] [[security forces]] of the [[Palestinian National Authority]]. The name may either refer to all National Security Forces, including some special services but not including the Interior Security Forces, the [[Palestinian Presidential Guard|Presidential Guard]] and General Intelligence, or refer to the main force within the National Security Forces.<ref name=pss_reform_A/> Since the signing of the [[Oslo Accords]], these forces operate in [[Palestinian enclaves|areas controlled by the PNA]]. In 2003, the organizations were merged into the [[Palestinian Security Services]].

The Palestinian National Security Forces engage in various activities, including general [[law enforcement]]. A rough estimate of the total strength as of 2007 is 42,000 troops.<ref name=pss_reform_A/> As the [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict|Israeli-Palestinian conflict]] goes on, the security forces notably co-operate with other law enforcement agencies, such as arresting militant sub-groups and assisting the Israeli government with [[prosecuting]] those picked up. According to ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', "In the past, Palestinian security forces have released arrested terrorists and then quietly tipped off Israel to mitigate internal public criticism against handing over Palestinians to Israel."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/national-news/palestinian-security-forces-turn-over-terror-cell-to-israeli-courts-351509|title=Palestinian forces bust terror cell looking to attack Jewish-Israelis|website=The Jerusalem Post &#124; JPost.com|date=7 May 2014 }}</ref>

==Background==
As part of the Oslo Accords, the [[Palestinian National Authority]] (PNA) was authorized to recruit and train a police force with paramilitary capabilities, but was not permitted to have a military force. Several bilateral agreements between the PNA and Israel regulate the size of the force, its structure, armament, and composition. The agreements provide Israel with the right to review potential recruits and withhold approval of those with a terrorist background. They were not enforced, however, with the result that the actual size and equipment of the force in 2002 exceeded what was permitted.<ref>[http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,IRBC,,PSE,4562d8cf2,3f7d4df33,0.html ''Palestine: The recruitment practices of the Palestinian National Forces''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008140845/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country%2C%2CIRBC%2C%2CPSE%2C4562d8cf2%2C3f7d4df33%2C0.html |date=8 October 2012 }}. Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board, Canada; 25 February 2003</ref>

Initially, [[Yasser Arafat]] set up a string of 14 overlapping and often competing security forces, each one controlled by a rival political or former guerrilla chieftain, but all of them ultimately loyal to him and his Fatah party.<ref name=SFC_US-training>[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/12/14/MNGIPMV3N61.DTL ''U.S. training Fatah in anti-terror tactics'']. Matthew Kalman, San Francisco Chronicle, 14 December 2006</ref>

After Hamas had established a [[Palestinian government of March 2006|PNA government]] in March 2006, it formed its own security service, the ''Executive Force'', headed by [[Jamal Abu Samhadana]], who was killed by Israel three months later.<ref name=SFC_US-training/>

==Tasks==

The National Security Forces engage in various activities, including general [[law enforcement]]. The Military Intelligence collects external military intelligence. It became the NSF ''Military Intelligence Department''. The Military Police is a separate unit. The Military Liaison coordinates security with Israel and participated in joint Israeli–Palestinian patrols in the past. The [[Navy of Palestine|Naval Police]] is tasked to protect the territorial waters of Gaza.<ref name=pss_reform_A/>

==History==

===Early history===

The predecessor of the NSF was the PLO's [[Palestine Liberation Army]]. When the NSF were formed, most personnel was recruited from the PLA. Gradually, local recruits were added.<ref name=pss_reform_A>[https://books.google.com/books?id=icV4k__xMmgC&pg=PA160 ''Entry-points to Palestinian Security Sector Reform''], Appendix A, p. 157-161. Roland Friedrich and Arnold Luethold, DCAF, 2007</ref>

From the late 1990s, the CIA played the central role in building up PA security forces, in close co-operation with the Israeli military and intelligence. After the killing of three US officials in the Gaza strip in 2003, British forces played an increasingly active role.<ref name=guardian_mi6>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jan/25/mi6-palestinian-papers-rejectionists-plan?guni=Article:in%20body%20link ''Palestine papers: MI6 plan proposed internment – and hotline to Israelis'']. Seumas Milne and Ian Black, The Guardian, 25 January 2011</ref>

===Second Intifada===
The Palestinian [[Preventive Security Force]] played a significant role during the Al-Aqsa Intifada. It participated in major operations such as [[Operation Defensive Shield]]. They also took part in battles such as the [[Battle of Jenin (2002)|Battle of Jenin]] and the [[Siege of the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem]].

===2005 restructuring plan===
According to [[The Guardian]], based on the [[Palestine Papers]], in 2003, British Prime Minister [[Tony Blair]] approved a plan of the Secret Intelligence Service [[MI6]] for a US-led ''"counter-insurgency surge"'' against Hamas.<ref name=guardian_mi6/> MI6 proposed a secret plan to crush Hamas and other armed groups on the West Bank. It included internment of leaders and activists, closure of radio stations and replacement of imams in mosques. The plan recommended inter alia

"Degrading the capabilities of the rejectionists – Hamas, PIJ [Palestinian Islamic Jihad] and the [Fatah-linked] Al Aqsa Brigades – through the disruption of their leaderships' communications and command and control capabilities; the detention of key middle-ranking officers; and the confiscation of their arsenals and financial resources".

Also the internment of leading Hamas and PIJ figures should have been explored. The plan aimed to implement the [[Road map for peace]].<ref name="PP_UK_security_plan">[http://thepalestinepapers.com/files/238.PDF ''UK Security Plan: British MI6 Palestinian Security Plan with Annex''] (2003). Al Jazeera, Palestine Papers, 2011. On [http://thepalestinepapers.com/en/projects/thepalestinepapers/20121821315250320.html]</ref>

In March 2005, a secret British ''"Palestinian Security Plan"'' was presented with detailed proposals for a new security taskforce, based on "trusted PA contacts" outside the control of "traditional security chiefs", a British/US security "verification team", and "direct lines" to Israeli intelligence.<ref name=guardian_mi6/><ref name="PP_security_plan_2005">[http://thepalestinepapers.com/files/308.PDF ''British Security Plan: Palestinian National Security Force Report''] (18 March 2005). Al Jazeera, Palestine Papers, 2011. On [http://thepalestinepapers.com/en/projects/thepalestinepapers/201218213522312987.html]. View document on ''Guardian'' website: [https://www.theguardian.com/world/palestine-papers-documents/308 ''The Palestine papers: a blueprint for security''] The Guardian, 25 January 2011</ref> The document notes that Israel was not content with the functioning of the NSF and opposed enhancement of the organisation with munitions and surveillance equipment. In a "subtle approach", the “old guard” could be retired with honour, "with subtle timing, once the decisions are made and the new structures are emerging" ... "The Israeli occupation has totally destroyed the capability of the NSF itself [in the West Bank] and inflicted significant damage on its infrastructure. NSF personnel are not permitted to bear arms or to move between areas in uniforms ... The NSF, being unarmed, are in no position to confront the militants."<ref name=PP_security_plan_2005/>

On 2 April 2005, President Abbas dismissed West Bank national security chief General Haj Ismail Jaber. The reason given was a shooting incident on 30 March inside Abbas’ headquarters in which militants fired into the air. Abbas also fired Ramallah security chief Yunis al-Has. Abbas placed the security services in Ramallah on a “state of alert”. A large-scale reform of the [[Palestinian Security Services|security services]] followed that month. On 22 April, head of the Gaza Security Forces Moussa Arafat was replaced by Suleiman Heles.<ref name=dvr_apr_2005>[https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/C3853246452C2B4785256FF7006540D6 ''Chronological Review of Events Relating to the Question of Palestine Monthly media monitoring review, April 2005''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924171711/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/C3853246452C2B4785256FF7006540D6 |date=24 September 2015 }}. UN, Division for Palestinian Rights, 4 May 2005</ref>

===2007 [[Fatah–Hamas conflict]]===
During the year 2007, [[Fatah]] and [[Hamas]], two of the main political parties in Palestine, were having confrontations in Gaza. The Fatah deployed the Palestinian Security Forces to confront the Hamas paramilitary forces in Northern Gaza. The confrontation led to the collapse of the Preventive Security Forces headquarters. The surprising Hamas victory led to the withdrawal of Fatah forces from Gaza.

===2014 Italian–Palestinian training programme===
By virtue of a bilateral agreement signed between the Italian Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Interior of the Palestinian Authority, the [[Carabinieri]] became a partner in the technical and professional training of Palestinian security forces and, for this reason, on 19 March 2014, Carabinieri instructors left Italy for [[Jericho]], where is situated the General Training Centre.<ref>{{cite web|title=Medio oriente: l'Arma partecipa all'addestramento della polizia palestinese|url=http://www.carabinieri.it/Internet/Cittadino/Informazioni/Eventi/2014/Marzo/20140321_poliziapalestina.htm|work=Arma dei Carabinieri|access-date=30 March 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726000147/http://www.carabinieri.it/Internet/Cittadino/Informazioni/Eventi/2014/Marzo/20140321_poliziapalestina.htm|archive-date=26 July 2014}}</ref>

=== 2022–present conflict with militias ===
{{Main|Palestinian Authority–West Bank militias conflict}}
PA security forces have clashed with [[Palestinian militias in the West Bank|local Palestinian militias in the West Bank]], seen as the common enemy of both the PA and Israel.<ref name=":152">{{Cite web |date=2023-08-27 |title=The PA’s Revolving Door: A Key Policy in Security Coordination |url=https://al-shabaka.org/policy-memos/the-pas-revolving-door-a-key-policy-in-security-coordination/ |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=Al-Shabaka |language=en-US}}</ref> Cooperation between the PA security forces and the IDF is reflected by the fact that the former have simply remained in their barracks during IDF raids<ref name=":10">{{Cite news |last1=Erlanger |first1=Steven |last2=Ponomarev |first2=Sergey |date=2024-07-01 |title=Palestinian Fighters in West Bank Seek to Emulate Hamas in Gaza |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/01/world/middleeast/palestinian-fighters-west-bank.html |access-date=2024-08-28 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Michaelson |first1=Ruth |last2=Taha |first2=Sufian |date=2024-05-02 |title='They hide when Israelis come': Palestinians despair of leadership after killing of colonel's son |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/may/02/killing-of-a-boy-16-is-the-final-straw-for-palestinians-khaled-arouq |access-date=2024-09-24 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> and have actively interfered with militants' defenses against those raids.<ref name=":92">{{Cite web |last=الغيط |first=عبد الرحمن أبو |title=آخرها ما حدث بجنين.. لماذا يصر أمن السلطة على ملاحقة المقاومة بالضفة؟ |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2024/3/3/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86 |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=الجزيرة نت |language=ar}}</ref><ref name=":44">{{Cite web |last=Pacchiani |first=Gianluca |date=15 August 2024 |title=Hamas blasts PA after its forces allegedly detonated explosive device before it could blow up IDF troops in Jenin |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/hamas-blasts-pa-after-its-forces-allegedly-detonated-explosive-device-before-it-could-blow-up-idf-troops-in-jenin/ |website=The Times of Israel}}</ref><ref name="MCD">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-10 |title=العلاقة بين السلطة الفلسطينية والفصائل على صفيح "يغلي".. اشتباك مسلح في جنين |url=https://www.mc-doualiya.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7/20240910-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AD-%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83-%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86 |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=مونت كارلو الدولية / MCD |language=ar}}</ref><ref name="shahed">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-17 |title=أجهزة السلطة تعتدي على سكان كفر دان المنددين بتفكيك عبوات المقاومة |url=https://shahed.cc/news/75760/%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%83%D9%81%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%83-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9 |access-date=2024-09-21 |language=ar}}</ref>

During the [[Gaza war]], the rate of clashes has increased. The [[July 2024 West Bank unrest]] directed against the Palestinian Authority was a major escalation in the conflict,<ref name=":42">{{Cite web |date=2024-07-27 |title=اشتباكات بين مسلحين وأجهزة أمن السلطة الفلسطينية في الضفة الغربية .. بذور حرب أهلية؟ |url=https://www.mc-doualiya.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7/20240727-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B0%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9 |access-date=2024-07-28 |website=مونت كارلو الدولية / MCD |language=ar}}</ref> sparked by the [[26 July 2024 Tulkarm confrontations|alleged arrest attempt of "Abu Shujaa"]], the leader of the Tulkarm Brigade, on 26 July. The PA also launched notable operations [[October 2024 Palestinian Authority operation in Tubas|into Tubas in October 2024]]<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Sawafta |first=Ali |date=25 October 2024 |title=Palestinian Authority treads tightrope in West Bank crackdown on militants |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/palestinian-authority-treads-tightrope-west-bank-crackdown-militants-2024-10-24/ |website=Reuters}}</ref> and [[Palestinian Authority operation in Jenin (December 2024 – present)|into Jenin in December 2024]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-12-14 |title=Palestinian Authority Deploys Security Forces Against Militants in West Bank |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/14/world/middleeast/palestinian-authority-west-bank-israel.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241214165254/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/14/world/middleeast/palestinian-authority-west-bank-israel.html |archive-date=2024-12-14 |access-date=2024-12-16 |work=The New York Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jenin Brigades commander killed as PA forces raid occupied West Bank camp |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/14/jenin-brigades-commander-killed-as-pa-forces-raid-occupied-west-bank-camp |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref>

== Commanders ==
* Abdul Razzaq Majida (1994 – 2007)
* Dhiyab Al-Ali (2007 – 2011)
* Nidal Abu Dukhan (December 27, 2011 – March 1, 2025)
* al abd Ibrahim Khalil (March 1, 2025 – present)

== Equipment ==

=== Personal Gear ===

* [[Personnel Armor System for Ground Troops]]
* [[SPECTRA helmet]]
* [[Enhanced Combat Helmet (United States)|Enhanced Combat Helmet]]

=== Small Arms ===

* [[Zastava M70 (pistol)]]
* [[CZ 82]]
* [[Beretta 92]]
* [[Zastava CZ99]]
* [[Heckler & Koch MP5]]
* [[AKM]]
* [[Zastava M70 assault rifle]]
* [[Zastava M92]]
* [[M16 rifle]]
* [[M4 carbine]]
* [[FN MAG]]
* [[PK machine gun]]
* [[M1919 Browning machine gun]]

=== Vehicles ===

* [[Ford F150]]
* [[Toyota Hilux]]
* [[Land Rover Defender]]
* [[Volkswagen Caravelle]]


==Incidents==
*During the [[Battle of Gaza (2007)|Battle of Gaza]], Hamas militants seized several Fatah members and threw one of them, Mohammed Sweirki, an officer in the elite [[Palestinian Presidential Guard]], off the top of the tallest building in [[Gaza City|Gaza]], a 15-story apartment building. In retaliation, Fatah militants attacked and killed the imam of the city's Great Mosque, Mohammed al-Rifati. They also opened fire on the home of Prime Minister [[Ismail Haniyeh]]. Just before midnight, a Hamas militant was thrown off a 12-story building.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 June 2007 |title=9 Deaths in Fierce Palestinian Factional Fighting |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/12/world/middleeast/12mideast.html |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
*On 20 March 2015, two Palestinian children, Rakiz Abu Assab (10) and Mohammad Raed al-Hajj (11) were shot by Palestinian security forces near the [[Balata Camp|Balata Refugee Camp]], when the latter intervened against youths throwing stones. The former was shot in the stomach, the latter in the foot.<ref>[http://www.maannews.com/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=760017 '2 children shot during clashes with PA security forces,'] [[Ma'an News Agency]] 20 March 2015.</ref>

==Divisions in 1995==
Before the [[Palestinian Security Services#Organization|2003–2005 reforms]], numerous separate security forces, all under exclusive control of President Arafat, existed. The following list of forces (including Intelligence and Civil Police) was published, based on an interview with Gaza Police Commander Nasir Yusuf in early 1995:<ref name=parry_man_with_gun>[http://www.nigelparry.com/diary/pa/pss1.html ''"There's a man with a gun over there..."''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822194440/http://www.nigelparry.com/diary/pa/pss1.html |date=22 August 2009 }}. Palestinian Authority Diary, Nigel Parsons, 1 March 1996</ref>

#National Security ("al-Aman al-Watani") 
#Navy ("al-Bahariya")
#Information Bureau ("al-Astakhabarat")
#[[Military Police]] ("al-Shurta al-'Askariyit")
#[[Force 17]] ("Kuwat Sabatash")
#Intelligence ("al-Mukhabarat")
#Civil Defence ("al-Dufaa'a al-Madeni")
#[[Palestinian Civil Police Force|Civil Police]] ("al-Shurta al-Madeniya")
#Criminal Security (al-Aman al-Junaa'i")
#Drugs ("al-Sha'bat Mkafahat al-Makhdarat")
#Riot Police ("Makafa't al-Shaghab")
#Traffic Police ("al-Shurta al-Marour")
#[[Palestinian Preventive Security|Preventative Security]] ('al-Aman al-Waqa'i")
#Military Discipline ("al-Anthabama al-'Askari")
#[[Palestinian Presidential Guard|Presidential Security]] ("al-Aman al-Ra'isi")

==See also==
{{portal|Palestine}}

*[[Palestinian Security Services]]
*[[Palestinian Presidential Guard]]
*[[Palestinian Civil Police Force]]
*[[Palestinian Preventive Security]]
*[[General Intelligence Service (Palestine)|Palestinian General Intelligence Service]]
*[[:ar:الاستخبارات العسكرية (فلسطين)|Palestinian Military Intelligence Service]]
*[[Ministry of Interior (State of Palestine)|Ministry of Interior of Palestine]]
*[[United States security assistance to the Palestinian National Authority]]
*[[Palestine Liberation Army]]


==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.stabilityjournal.org/articles/10.5334/sta.gi/ The Evolution and Reform of Palestinian Security Forces 1993–2013]. Alaa Tartir, 18 September 2015 
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060926030427/http://www.ocregister.com/ocr/2005/01/19/sections/nation_world/world/article_381197.php Palestinian Security Forces]. Associated Press, 19 January 2005
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111128024613/http://www.marsad.info/ Marsad – The Palestinian Security Sector Observatory]
*[http://www.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2007/01/07/abbas_outlaws_hamass_paramilitary_executive_force/ Abbas outlaws Hamas's paramilitary Executive Force]. Richard Boudreaux, The Boston Globe, 7 January 2007
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140727224213/http://www.abudis.net/Gaza_bombshell_file/gaza_PlanB0804.pdf Plan B]. US State Department, 2007

{{Palestinian National Authority and the Palestinian people}}
{{Military of Asia}}
{{Military of the Arab world}}
{{National intelligence agencies}}

[[Category:Palestinian National Security Forces| ]]
[[Category:Government paramilitary forces]]
[[Category:Military of Palestine]]
[[Category:Law enforcement in Palestine]]
[[Category:1994 establishments in Palestine]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1994]]
[[Category:Gendarmerie]]
[[Category:Palestinian Security Services]]