View source for Pakistani diaspora

{{Short description|Pakistani nationals and citizens who reside outside of Pakistan}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}

{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = Overseas Pakistanis<br /><small>{{Nobold|{{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|بیرون ملک پاکستانی نژاد}}}}}}</small>
| population       = {{Circa|9,993,362|lk=yes}} (2022 estimate){{efn|calculated total for collected data of population by country, from different sources (censuses, migration data, etc.). See [[#Population_by_country|statistics by country]].}}
| region1          = {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
| pop1             = 1,814,678 (2022 census)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia 2022 Census |url=https://portal.saudicensus.sa/static-assets/media/content/AR_20230514_GASTAT_Population_Report%204.06.12%20PM%202.pdf?crafterSite=gastat-portal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428202653/https://portal.saudicensus.sa/static-assets/media/content/AR_20230514_GASTAT_Population_Report%204.06.12%20PM%202.pdf?crafterSite=gastat-portal |archive-date=2024-04-28 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=General Authority for Statistics (GASTAT), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia}}</ref>
| region2          = {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| pop2             = 1,662,286 ([[2021 United Kingdom census|2021]])<br />{{Flag|England}}: 1,570,285 – 2.8% (2021)<ref name=2021census>{{cite web|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/ethnicity/bulletins/ethnicgroupenglandandwales/census2021|title=Ethnic group, England and Wales: Census 2021|publisher=Office for National Statistics|access-date=29 November 2022}}</ref><br />{{Flag|Scotland}}: 72,871 – 1.3% (2022)<ref name="2022census_Scot">{{cite web |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/media/trbdxzme/scotland-s-census-2022-ethnic-group-national-identity-language-and-religion-chart-data.xlsx |title=Scotland's Census 2022 - Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion - Chart data |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=21 May 2024 |website=Scotland's Census |publisher=[[National Records of Scotland]] |access-date=21 May 2024 }} [https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/search-the-census#/search-by Alternative URL] 'Search data by location' > 'All of Scotland' > 'Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion' > 'Ethnic Group'</ref><br />{{Flag|Wales}}: 17,534 – 0.6%  (2021)<ref name=2021census/><br />[[Northern Ireland]]: 1,596 – 0.08% (2021)<ref name=NICensus2021>{{cite web|url=https://www.nisra.gov.uk/system/files/statistics/census-2021-ms-b01.xlsx|title=MS-B01: Ethnic group|publisher=Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency|date= 22 September 2022|accessdate=7 January 2023}}</ref>
| region3          = {{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
| pop3             = 1,600,000 (2019-2020 estimate)<ref name="OPHRD"/>
| region4          = {{flag|India}}
| pop4             = 918,982 (2011 census)<ref name="Census of India">{{cite web| title =''Population classified by place of birth and sex.'' Census of India| url =https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10671/download/13783/DS-0000-D01-MDDS.XLSX| date =2011| website =censusindia.gov.in| publisher =Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
| region5          = {{flag|United States}}
| pop5             = 684,438 (2023 American Community Survey)<ref name="USA Census">{{cite web| author1 =Jessica S. Barnes and Claudette E. Bennett | title =ASIAN ALONE OR IN ANY COMBINATION BY SELECTED GROUPS. ''American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Table B02018''| url =https://data.census.gov/table?q=B02018| date =October 2022 | url-status =live | website =data.census.gov| publisher =U.S. Census Bureau | access-date =14 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221014202159/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=B02018%3A%20ASIAN%20ALONE%20OR%20IN%20ANY%20COMBINATION%20BY%20SELECTED%20GROUPS&g=0100000US&tid=ACSDT1Y2021.B02018 | archive-date =14 October 2022 }}</ref>
| region6          = {{flag|Kuwait}}
| pop6             = 339,033 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock">{{cite web| title =International Migrant Stock 2020| url =https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/international-migrant-stock| date =2020| website =un.org| publisher =United Nations, Population Division| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
| region7          = {{flag|Canada}}
| pop7             = 303,260 (2021 official census)<ref name="Canada Census">{{cite web| title =''Census Profile.'' 2021 Census of Population| url =https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&DGUIDlist=2021A000011124&HEADERlist=31&SearchText=Canada| date =29 March 2023| website =statcan.gc.ca| publisher =Statistics Canada| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
| region8          = {{flag|Oman}}
| pop8             = 250,092 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/>
| region9          = {{flag|Qatar}}
| pop9             = 235,505 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/><ref name="priyadsouza.com">{{cite web |title=Population of Qatar by nationality - 2017 report |url=http://priyadsouza.com/population-of-qatar-by-nationality-in-2017/ |publisher=priyadsouza.com |access-date=8 February 2017 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225053320/http://priyadsouza.com/population-of-qatar-by-nationality-in-2017/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| region10         = {{flag|Italy}}
| pop10            = 162,413 (2024 official - foreign born only)<ref name="istat.it">{{cite web| title =Foreign citizens: resident population by sex and demographic balance on 31st December 2021| url =https://demo.istat.it/app/?i=RCS&l=it}}</ref>
| region11         = {{flag|Germany}}
| pop11            = 140,000 (2022 official)<ref name="destatis.de">{{cite web| title =Bevölkerung in Privathaushalten nach Migrationshintergrund im weiteren Sinn nach ausgewählten Geburtsstaaten| trans-title =Population in private households by migration background in the broader sense by selected countries of birth| language =de| url =https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/Tabellen/migrationshintergrund-staatsangehoerigkeit-staaten.html| date =2022| website =destatis.de| publisher =Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office, Germany)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
| region12         = {{flagcountry|Bahrain}}
| pop12            = 117,000 (2019-2020 estimate)<ref name="OPHRD"/>
| region13         = {{flag|Afghanistan|2013}}
| pop13            = 221,432 (2015 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/>
| region14         = {{flag|Spain}}
| pop14            = 123,882 (2024 official)<ref name="ine.es">{{cite web| title =Resident population by date, sex, age group and country of birth| url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=56937| website =ine.es| publisher =Instituto Nacional de Estadística (National Statistics Institute, Spain)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
| region15         = {{flag|France}}
| pop15            = 100,000 (official estimate)<ref name="France diplomatie">{{cite web| title =https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/pakistan/relations-bilaterales/#sommaire_2}}</ref>
| region16         = {{flag|Australia}}
| pop16            = 89,633 (2021 official census)<ref name="Australia Census">{{cite web| title =People in Australia who were born in Pakistan| url =https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/7106_AUS| website =abs.gov.au| publisher =Australian Bureau of Statistics| access-date =2 January 2023}}</ref>
| region17         = {{flag|Malaysia}}
| pop17            = 85,013 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/><ref name="malaymail.com">{{cite web |title=Home Ministry says there are 1.7 million legal foreign workers in Malaysia as of June 30 |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2017/07/27/home-ministry-says-there-are-1.7-million-legal-foreign-workers-in-malaysia/1430323 |website=malaymail.com |date=27 July 2017}}</ref>
| region18         = {{flag|Norway}}
| pop18            = 46,300 (2023 official)<ref name="ssb.no">{{cite web| title =Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents| url =https://www.ssb.no/en/statbank/table/05183/tableViewLayout1/| date =2023| website =ssb.no| publisher =Statistics Norway| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
| region19         = {{flag|Greece}}
| pop19            = 34,177 (2011 official census)<ref name="statistics Greece">{{cite web| title =PRESS RELEASE &ndash; Announcement of the demographic and social characteristics of the Resident Population of Greece according to the 2011 Population - Housing Census.| url =http://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/BUCKET/General/nws_SAM01_EN.PDF| pages =9| date =August 2013| website =statistics.gr| publisher =Hellenic Statistical Authority, Greece| access-date =7 August 2023| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131225192921/http://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/BUCKET/General/nws_SAM01_EN.PDF| archive-date =25 December 2013}}</ref>
| region20         = {{flag|Portugal}}
| pop20            = 30,000 (2024)<ref name="Pakistani embassy in Lisbon">{{cite web| title =Low wages in Portugal push Pakistanis to other EU countries| url =https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/2025-01-31/low-wages-in-portugal-push-pakistanis-to-other-eu-countries/95240}}</ref>
| region21         = {{flag|Sweden}}
| pop21            = 27,292 (2022 official)<ref name="scb.se">{{cite web| title =Population by country of birth and country of Origin, 31 December 2022, total| url =https://www.scb.se/en/finding-statistics/statistics-by-subject-area/population/population-composition/population-statistics/| date =March 2023| website =scb.se| publisher =Statistics Sweden| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
| region22         = {{flag|Netherlands}}
| pop22            = 27,261 (2022 official)<ref name="cbs.nl">{{cite web| title =Bevolking; geslacht, lft, generatie en migr.achtergrond, 1 jan; 1996-2022| trans-title =Population; gender, age, generation and migration background, Jan 1; 1996-2022| language =nl| url =https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/37325/table| quote =Migratieachtergrond [Migration background] {{pipe}} Pakistan| date =May 2022| website =cbs.nl| publisher =Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (Central Bureau of Statistics, Netherlands)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
| region23         = {{flag|Denmark}}
| pop23            = 26,714 (2023 official estimate)<ref name="Map Analyser">{{cite web| title =Map Analyser| url =https://www.statbank.dk/statbank5a/Graphics/mapanalyser.asp?maintable=FOLK2&lang=1| date =2023| website =statbank.dk| publisher =StatBank Denmark| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
| region24         = {{flag|Japan}}
| pop24            = [[Pakistanis in Japan|23,417]] (2023 official)<ref>[https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/publications/press/13_00036.html 令和5年6月末現在における在留外国人数について]</ref>
| region25         = {{flagcountry|Brazil}}
| pop25            = 3,025 (2024 official)<ref>[https://www.nepo.unicamp.br/observatorio/bancointerativo/numeros-imigracao-internacional/sincre-sismigra/ Immigrants in Brazil (2024, in Portuguese)]</ref>
| languages        = [[Pakistani English|English]], [[Urdu]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Pashto]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], [[Balochi language|Balochi]], [[Hindko]], [[Languages of Pakistan|other languages of Pakistan]] and languages spoken in respective country of residence.
| religions        = Predominantly [[Islam]]
, with minorities of [[Christianity]], [[Hinduism]], and [[Sikhism]].
| native_name      = 
| native_name_lang = 
| flag             = [[Image:Flag of Pakistan.svg|250px|border]]
| flag_caption     = [[Flag of Pakistan]]
[[File:Map of the Pakistani Diaspora in the World.svg|center|frameless|260x260px]]
| related_groups   = 
}}

'''Overseas Pakistanis''' ({{langx|ur|{{nq|بیرون ملک پاکستانی نژاد}}}}), or the '''Pakistani diaspora''', refer to [[Pakistanis]] who live outside of [[Pakistan]]. These include citizens who have [[emigration|migrated]] to another country as well as people born abroad of Pakistani descent. 

According to a December 2017 estimate by the [[Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development]], approximately 8.8 million Pakistanis live abroad. Data released in 2023 by the Ministry of Emigration and Overseas Employment states that more than 10.80 million Pakistanis have moved abroad since 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bureau of Emigration & Overseas Employment - Government of Pakistan |url=https://beoe.gov.pk/?__cf_chl_tk=gGGCxQVrf1uTmy7AbXVhs1sP2V0hXUn9hIKR7z0MD5Y-1679334300-0-gaNycGzNC2U |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=beoe.gov.pk}}</ref>

The vast majority, over 4.7 million, reside in the [[Middle East]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ophrd.gov.pk|title=Home Page|website=www.ophrd.gov.pk|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.dawn.com/archives/142435|title=Pride and the Pakistani Diaspora|date=14 February 2009|access-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> The second-largest community, around 1.6 million, lives [[British Pakistanis|in the United Kingdom]], followed by the United States (especially in [[New York City]], [[Chicago]], and [[New Jersey]]) in third place. Other European countries such as Italy, Germany, Spain and Norway also host large Pakistani communities, as does Canada (especially in [[Toronto]]) and [[Australia]]. 

According to the [[UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs]], Pakistan has the 6th largest diaspora in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/india-has-largest-diaspora-population-in-world-un/183731.html|title=India has largest diaspora population in world: UN|last=Service|first=Tribune News|website=The Tribune|access-date=3 March 2016}}</ref> 

In 2021, overseas Pakistanis sent record [[remittance]]s with growth at 26 percent and levels reaching USD $33 billion.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Remittance Flows Register Robust 7.3 Percent Growth in 2021|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/11/17/remittance-flows-register-robust-7-3-percent-growth-in-2021|access-date=2021-12-07|website=World Bank|language=en}}</ref>

== Terminology ==
The term ''Overseas Pakistani'' is officially recognised by the [[Government of Pakistan]]. It refers to Pakistani citizens who have not resided in Pakistan for a specified period (for the purpose of income tax) and to people born abroad who are of Pakistani descent.

=== National Identity Card for Overseas Pakistanis ===
{{Main|NADRA}}
The National Identity Card for Overseas Pakistanis, or NICOP, is a [[Computerised National Identity Card]] issued to workers, [[emigrants]], [[citizens]], or Pakistanis holding [[dual nationality]]. NICOP was conceived by [[NADRA]] in 2002 as a project of mutual resolve between the Overseas Pakistanis Foundation, the [[Government of Pakistan|Ministry of Labour & Manpower]], and the [[Government of Pakistan|Ministry of Interior]]. All NICOP holders are registered in the NADRA database to provide authenticity of the individual and visa-free entry into Pakistan. Proof of family relationships is necessary for various legal and administrative purposes involving NICOP.<ref>{{cite web |last1=NCCs |first1=NADRA card |title=How to Get an FRC Certificate NADRA Online? |url=https://nadracardcentres.online/how-to-get-frc-certificate-nadra-online/ |website=NADRA Card Centres (NCCs) |date=15 April 2023 |access-date=2023-04-15}}</ref>

=== Pakistan Origin Card ===
The Pakistan Origin Card, or POC, is issued by Pakistani embassies or high commissions to people of Pakistani origin living abroad.<ref name="nadra">[http://www.nadra.gov.pk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8&Itemid=11 POC] NADRA Retrieved 23 January 2010.</ref> POC are not issued to those with dual nationalities.<ref>[http://www.pakmission-uk.gov.pk/HC/nicop.asp NICOP] Pakistan High Commission, UK Retrieved 23 January 2010.</ref>

==Emigration from Pakistan==
Emigration from the territories that now constitute Pakistan began as early as 3000 BC.

===Prehistoric===
{{see also | Indian_maritime_history#Prehistory | l1=Maritime prehistory of India | Greater India | Indianisation }}

The presence of [[Indus Valley Civilization|Harappan]] merchants in [[Mesopotamia]] from the [[Indus Valley civilisation]] is suggested by various forms of glyptic evidence. A recently discovered Mesopotamian cylinder seal inscription reveals that an interpreter from "[[Meluhha]]" ([[Harappa]]) was present. Several Indus-scripted seals have also been discovered in excavations.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8l9X_3rHFdEC&q=Indus+immigration+to+mesopotamia&pg=PA246|title=Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus|first=Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York|last=N.Y.)|date=25 November 2017|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|isbn=9781588390431|access-date=25 November 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref>

===Middle Ages===
{{see also | Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent | l1= Muslim invasions of the Indian subcontinent }}

During the 10th century, Arabic chronicles mention tribes coming into contact with Baloch settlers.<ref name="Etheredge">{{cite book|last1=Etheredge|first1=Laura|title=Persian Gulf States: Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates|date=2011|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=9781615303274|page=66|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IM6J4sgCU28C&pg=PA66}}</ref> The majority of Baloch settlers originated from the [[Makran]] coast and settled in what is today [[Oman]], forming part of the [[Bedoon (ethnicity)|Bedoon]] community.<ref name="GN">{{cite news|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/tourism/sharjah-balochistan-flights-to-start-in-may-1.234248|title=Sharjah-Balochistan flights to start in May|work=Gulf News|date=25 April 2006|access-date=23 July 2016|first=Nissar|last=Hoath}}</ref> Many of them worked in various trades, including barbers, fan operators, and shopkeepers. Some were even drafted as soldiers for the army of the [[List of rulers of Oman|Iman of Oman]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/uae/heritage/bidoon-celebrate-uae-national-day-as-emiratis |title=Bidoon celebrate UAE National Day as Emiratis |work=The National |date=24 November 2013 |access-date=10 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126150126/http://www.thenational.ae/uae/heritage/bidoon-celebrate-uae-national-day-as-emiratis |archive-date=26 November 2013 }}</ref> A small population of Muslim clergy from Punjab, Kashmir, and Sindh settled in [[Mecca]] by the 14th century to aid travellers from the region making the journey for [[Hajj]] and to help expand [[Islam]] throughout the [[Indus Valley]] and its tributaries. Bankers and merchants from southern Punjab ([[Multan]]) and northern Sindh ([[Shikarpur, Sindh|Shikarpur]]) were present in [[Safavid Persia]] during the 15th century, living alongside Jews and Armenians.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/india-vii-relations-the-afsharid-and-zand-periods |title=INDIA vii. RELATIONS: THE AFSHARID AND ZAND PERIODS|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |volume=XIII |date=15 December 2004 |pages=21–26 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bazar-ii |title=BĀZĀR ii. Organization and Function|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |volume=IV |date=15 December 1989 |pages=25–30 }}</ref> [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] traders arrived by boat in [[Batticaloa District|Batticaloa]], [[Sri Lanka]], as early as the 15th century.<ref name="Essed">{{cite book|title=Refugees and the Transformation of Societies: Agency, Policies, Ethics, and Politics|publisher=Berghahn Books|date=2004|isbn=9781571818669|pages=50–51|first1=Philomena|last1=Essed|first2=Georg|last2=Frerks|first3=Joke|last3= Schrijvers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ixn_D2mhxyAC&pg=PA50}}</ref><ref name="Dennis">{{cite book|title=Crucible of Conflict: Tamil and Muslim Society on the East Coast of Sri Lanka|pages=73–77, 375|first=Dennis B.|last=McGilvray|publisher=Duke University Press|date=2008|isbn=9780822389187|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MgHIiEtdVFAC&pg=PA75}}</ref> The Mukkuvar locals established an alliance with the Pashtun traders, enlisting their help to fend off incursions from rivals in the north. The traders were rewarded through marriages and settled in [[Eravur]].<ref name="Essed"/> Their settlement may have been deliberate, forming a buffer against future invasions from the north.<ref name="Dennis"/> When Arab and Persian merchants expanded maritime trade routes in the 16th century, Sindh became fully integrated into the inter-Asian trade network. This led to increased trade and navigational interactions between Sindhi merchants and Arab/Persian merchants. Sindh also maintained independent commercial relations with East Asia and Southeast Asia, particularly with the [[Kedah Sultanate]] on the [[Malay Peninsula]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.unesco.org/silkroad/knowledge-bank/science-and-technology/boats-indus-delta-and-coastline-sindh-development-historical|title=Boats in the Indus Delta and on the coastline of Sindh. Development in historical perspective - SILK ROAD|website=en.unesco.org|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref>

===Colonial era (1842–1947)===
{{see also | Colonial India | l1= Colonial history of India }}

After the fall of Sindh in 1842 and Punjab in 1849, a large part of the territory of today's Pakistan came under rule of the [[British Empire]]. From 1842 to 1857, a small number of immigrants from Punjab, Sindh, and [[Kashmir]] began arriving in the [[British Isles]] as employees of the [[British East India Company]], typically as ''[[Lascars|lashkars]]'' and sailors in British port cities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701766/index.html |title=The First Asians in Britain |publisher=Fathom |access-date=29 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040411034742/http://www.fathom.com/course/21701766/index.html |archive-date=11 April 2004 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/uk_1.shtml|title=History of Islam in the UK|work=BBC - Religions|date=7 September 2009|access-date=15 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fathom.com/course/21701766/session3.html |title=British Attitudes towards the Immigrant Community |author=Fathom archive |publisher=Columbia University |access-date=4 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103132528/http://fathom.com/course/21701766/session3.html |archive-date=3 January 2011  }}</ref> After the establishment of the [[British Empire]] in 1857, [[Baloch people|Baloch]] and [[Pashtuns]], along with Punjabis, Sindhis, and Kashmiris, continued coming to Britain as seamen, traders, students, domestic workers, cricketers, political officials, and visitors. A small number of them settled in the region.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historytoday.com/bhikhu-parekh/south-asians-britain|title=South Asians in Britain|work=History Today|first=Bhikhu|last=Parekh|date=9 September 1997|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> Many influential members of the [[Pakistan Movement]], including [[Muhammad Iqbal]] and [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], spent a considerable amount of time in Britain and Europe, studying at major British institutions.<ref>D. N. Panigrahi, ''India's Partition: The Story Of Imperialism In Retreat'', 2004; Routledge, p. 16.</ref> Between 1860 and 1930, [[camel train|camel caravans]] worked in [[Outback]] [[Australia]], which included [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]], [[Punjabis|Punjabi]], [[Baloch people|Baloch]], and [[Sindhis|Sindhi]] men<ref name="Westrip&Holroyde">Westrip, J. & Holroyde, P. (2010): ''Colonial Cousins: a surprising history of connections between India and Australia.'' [[Wakefield Press (Australia)|Wakefield Press]]. {{ISBN|1862548412}}, p. 175.</ref> as well as others from [[Kashmir]].<ref name="australia.gov">[http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/afghan-cameleers australia.gov.au > About Australia > Australian Stories > Afghan cameleers in Australia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815171331/http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/afghan-cameleers |date=15 August 2014 }} Accessed 8 May 2014.</ref> By 1900, [[Punjabis]] and [[Pashtuns]] began migrating to other parts of the British Empire. Many were [[veteran]]s of the [[British Army]], but also included a small migrant population who were legally considered [[British subject]]s. Pashtun migrants opted for the [[Trucial states|British Trucial States]], where the British used their subjects as a valuable human resource in running the administration.<ref>Jonathan S. Addelton, Undermining The Centre; The Gulf Migration and Pakistan, Oxford University Press,1992.</ref> [[British Columbia]] became a destination for many Punjabi migrants as agents of the [[Canadian Pacific Railway]] and the [[Hudson's Bay Company]] guaranteed jobs for them between 1902 and 1905. However, many Punjabi migrants returned due to racism and the curtailing of migration of non-whites by the [[Canadian government]].<ref>Pg. 79. White Canada Forever. By W. Peter Ward. 2002. McGill, Quebec, Canada. {{ISBN|978-07735-2322-7}}.</ref> Others sought opportunities by moving to the [[United States]], particularly [[Yuba City, California]]. Poor wages and working conditions convinced Punjabi workers to pool their resources, lease land, and grow their own crops, thereby establishing themselves in the newly budding farming economy of northern California.<ref name="pbs">{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/rootsinthesand/|title=Roots in the sand|author=Jayasri Majumdar Hart|publisher=PBS}}</ref>

Many people from modern Pakistan migrated and settled in Malaysia, which was also part of the British Empire. The [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]] and [[Pakistani people|Pakistanis]] share a strong Muslim identity. At the time of Malaysia's independence under the [[Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957]], there were more than two hundred thousand Pakistanis residing in Malaysia. Rather than forming a separate group under the categorized system, at the suggestion of the Malays themselves, Pakistanis immersed themselves into the Malay group. Thus, they became part of the [[Bumiputera (Malaysia)|Bumiputra]] elite, enriched by social ties, intermarriage, and shared economic and political aspirations. They also took positions in the civil service administration and gradually rose to the upper echelons of government, becoming inextricably intermixed with the Malay majority.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mcgill.ca/channels/news/total-assimilation-outcomes-migration-studies-253532|title=Total Assimilation Outcomes in Migration Studies|website=Channels}}</ref> Many elite Malay families have at least one grandparent who was Pakistani. Diplomats, judges, legislators, and other government cadres include people with recognized Pakistani-Malay bloodlines.

===Post independence===
{{see also | Partition of India }}

====1947 to 1970====

Emigration from Pakistan was relatively small between 1947 and 1970. The rapid industrialization of Pakistan during the 1950s and 1960s, coupled with the introduction of modern agricultural practices, pushed out surplus labor, leading to mass rural-to-urban migration, primarily to [[Karachi]].<ref>Sir Rupert Hay, the Persian Gulf States, Middle East Institute, Washington DC, 1959; International Labour Organization, 1945-1957, Geneva, 1959; Quoted in Addleton, 1992.</ref> During this period, the majority of Pakistanis who went abroad considered themselves "sojourners", who left to earn money but did not intend to settle, or were students who planned to return to Pakistan after completing their degree programs. By 1971, no more than 900,000 Pakistanis lived abroad, with most residing in the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Saudi Arabia]]. In 1959, small numbers of Pakistanis were found working in Bahrain, Kuwait, and elsewhere in the Persian Gulf. By 1960, the Pakistani community in Bahrain numbered 2,200, while almost half of the population in Kuwait comprised non-nationals, including a small number from Pakistan. Pakistan was already the single most important source of non-Arab expatriate labor in the [[Kuwait Oil Company]] (representing about 19% of the workforce) and trailed only Americans among those working for [[Saudi Aramco]] in Saudi Arabia, representing 6% of the workforce.<ref>Albert Y. Badre and Simon G Siksek, Manpower and Oil in the Arab Countries, Economic Research Institute,
American University of Beirut, 1960.</ref>

The first mass migration of Pakistanis began in 1965 during the construction of the [[Mangla Dam]] in [[Azad Kashmir|Azad Jammu & Kashmir]]. Over 280 villages around [[Mirpur, Azad Kashmir|Mirpur]] and [[Dadyal]] were submerged, which led to the displacement of over 110,000 people from the region. Pakistanis also emigrated from these areas and the regions of Attock and Nowshera due to high levels of unemployment and harsh terrain that made farming difficult.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Shaw |first=Alison |url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=fqHKAgAAQBAJ&pg=GBS.PA30&hl=en |title=Kinship and Continuity: Pakistani Families in Britain |date=2014-02-04 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-43430-5 |pages=13–29 |language=en}}</ref> During the same period, the British government actively sought workers from abroad for industrial towns in north-west [[England]], which were suffering from labor shortages. Many Pakistani emigrants relocated to work in towns like Rochdale, Newcastle, Bristol, High Wycombe, Birmingham, Dewsbury, Huddersfield, and Bradford.<ref name=":0" /> Consequently, many work permits for Britain were awarded to the displaced population of Mirpur.<ref>Terminski, Bogumil "Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement: Theoretical Frameworks and Current Challenges", Indiana University, 2013, available at: http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/handle/10535/8833?show=full.</ref> Close to 50,000 Pakistanis from Mirpur emigrated to northern England between 1965 and 1970.<ref name="eng">{{cite web |title=The Pakistani Muslim Community in England |url=http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/communities/pdf/1170952.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120919132719/http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/communities/pdf/1170952.pdf |archive-date=19 September 2012}}</ref><ref name="ons.gov.uk">{{cite web |title=2011 Census Branding Approval Form |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/census/2011/the-2011-census/2011-census-questionnaire-content/question-and-content-recommendations/kashmiri-research-project-2011---final-report.pdf}}</ref> Those who emigrated during this time were aided by the 1948 British Nationality Act, which allowed people from British Commonwealth countries, such as Pakistan, to travel and settle in Britain as they were considered British citizens.<ref name=":0" />

====1971 to present====
{{see also | Liberation of Bangladesh }}

The availability of a large-scale labor force from Pakistan resulted from a combination of economic, social, and institutional factors at home. By 1970, Pakistan was passing through a serious economic and political crisis, which eventually led to the secession of [[East Pakistan]] in 1971. The rapid economic development of the 1950s and 1960s could not be sustained by 1970, and a wave of nationalization of business and industry was unfolding under Prime Minister [[Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto]]. This led to slower large-scale industrialization due to a new wave of industrial unrest and disaffection between industrialists and Bhutto's government, which favored the nationalization of banking, large-scale trading, and industry.

Rural-to-urban migration into Karachi slowed during the 1970s and 80s and was replaced by a rising wave of international migration to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, or Libya. The profile of the workforce and their places of origin followed the established patterns of internal migration routes. These included people from [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–2010)|NWFP]], northern Punjab (Potohar Plateau), the [[Seraiki belt]] in southern Punjab, and the hill tracts of Azad Jammu & Kashmir. Institutionally, a network of information chains to seek work and the channels for remitting money to families back in Pakistan already existed. The majority of migrants were young males who sought work abroad while families remained in Pakistan. These channels soon expanded and adapted to new requirements and conditions.<ref>Roger Owen, Migrant Workers in the Gulf, London; Minority Rights Group Report Number 68, September 1985.</ref> During the 1960s and 1970s, the remaining [[Pakistani Jew]]ish community of 2000 began emigrating to [[Israel]] and settled in [[Ramla]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Jay |first=Philip |title=A Jewish presence in Pakistan – Karachi in another time |url=http://www.jewishtimesasia.org/community-spotlight-topmenu-43/pakistan/544-pakistan-communities/2806-a-jewish-presence-in-pakistan-karachi-in-another-time |access-date=25 November 2017 |website=www.jewishtimesasia.org}}</ref>

Today's Pakistani diaspora is substantial, with over 9 million Pakistanis residing abroad, including an estimated 4 million in the [[Persian Gulf]] region. This represents a significant portion of the [[population]] seeking opportunities beyond their [[homeland]]. [[Emigration]] trends indicate a continued outflow, with 325,142 individuals departing in the first half of 2024 alone. The year 2015 witnessed a peak in outbound migration, as 946,571 Pakistanis left the country primarily in pursuit of [[employment]] and enhanced [[career]] prospects.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bureau of Emigration & Overseas Employment - Government of Pakistan |url=https://beoe.gov.pk/#:~:text=During%20the%20year%202015,%20highest,for%20the%20purpose%20of%20employment. |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=beoe.gov.pk}}</ref>

The expatriate labor force in the Persian Gulf has followed a "circulating work force" pattern. Workers come in, work for a few years, periodically visit Pakistan for short or long breaks, and then return permanently.

==Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development==
{{Main|Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development}}
{{Further|Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment}}
The Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development is a [[ministry (government department)|ministry]] of the [[Government of Pakistan]] that oversees matters concerning Overseas Pakistanis and human resource development in Pakistan. [[Aun Chaudhry]] is the current minister.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Assembly of Pakistan, Ministers of State |url=https://na.gov.pk/en/smins_list.php |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250323013441/https://www.na.gov.pk/en/smins_list.php |archive-date=2025-03-23 |access-date=2025-03-27 |website=na.gov.pk |language=en}}</ref> The ministry was created in June 2013 from a merger of the Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis<ref>{{cite web |title=Introduction |url=http://www.moops.gov.pk/gop/index.php?q=aHR0cDovLzE5Mi4xNjguNzAuMTM2L21vb3BzbS8%3D |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819042402/http://www.moops.gov.pk/gop/index.php?q=aHR0cDovLzE5Mi4xNjguNzAuMTM2L21vb3BzbS8%3D |archive-date=19 August 2013 |access-date=10 August 2013 |work=Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=20 February 2013 |title=First ever National Policy for Overseas Pakistanis |url=http://www.ilo.org/islamabad/info/public/pr/WCMS_205280/lang--en/index.htm |access-date=10 August 2013 |work=International Labour Organization}}</ref> and the Ministry of Human Resource Development,<ref>{{cite news |date=16 July 2013 |title=Ministries of Overseas Pakistanis, HR development merged |url=http://dawn.com/news/1029291/ministries-of-overseas-pakistanis-hr-development-merged |access-date=10 August 2013 |work=Dawn}}</ref> which was established in 2008. The Bureau of Emigration & Overseas Employment appoints Community Welfare Attachés (CWA) around the world to establish and maintain close contacts with foreign firms in need of manpower for their ventures in different countries, and to aid in the welfare of overseas Pakistanis. CWAs are currently located in:<ref>{{cite web |title=Community Welfare Attaché (CWA) Offices - Bureau of Emigration & Overseas Employment |url=http://www.beoe.gov.pk/community-welfare-attache-offices |access-date=25 November 2017 |website=www.beoe.gov.pk}}</ref>
* [[Bahrain]] ([[Manama]])
* [[Canada]] ([[Toronto]], [[Vancouver]])
* [[Germany]] ([[Frankfurt]])
* [[Greece]] ([[Athens]])
* [[Italy]] ([[Milan]])
* [[Kuwait]] ([[Kuwait City]])
* [[Malaysia]] ([[Kuala Lumpur]])
* [[Norway]] ([[Oslo]])
* [[Oman]] ([[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]])
* [[Qatar]] ([[Doha]]) 
* [[Saudi Arabia]] ([[Jeddah]], [[Riyadh]])
* [[Spain]] ([[Barcelona]])
* [[United Arab Emirates]] ([[Abu Dhabi]], [[Dubai]], [[Sharjah]])
* [[United Kingdom]] ([[London]], [[Manchester]], [[Birmingham]], [[Glasgow]])
* [[United States]] ([[New York City]], [[Washington, D.C.]], [[Chicago]], [[Houston]], [[Los Angeles]])

==Overseas Pakistanis Foundation==
The Overseas Pakistanis Foundation (OPF) was established in July 1979, with its head office in [[Islamabad]] and regional offices in all provincial capitals as well as [[Mirpur, Pakistan|Mirpur]], [[Azad Jammu and Kashmir]]. The objective of the OPF is to advance the welfare of Pakistanis working or [[settled]] abroad and their families in Pakistan by identifying their problems and contributing to their solutions. These include [[health care]], financial aid, [[foreign exchange reserves|foreign exchange]] [[remittance]], and [[education]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Overseas Pakistanis Foundation |url=http://www.opf.org.pk/ |access-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> The Overseas Pakistanis Foundation operates more than 24 schools in and across Pakistan, offering [[preschool]], [[primary education|primary]], [[secondary education|secondary]], and preparation for local [[Secondary School Certificate|SSC]] and the international [[General Certificate of Education|GCE]] education. Most of its students opt to take the GCE O and AS/A Levels organized by the [[Cambridge International Examinations|CIE]] of [[UCLES]]. It has also established international projects in the [[United Arab Emirates]], [[Saudi Arabia]], and the [[United Kingdom]]. The head office of the OPF schools is located in [[Islamabad]], administering the system through six main regional offices:
* Regional Office Karachi, Sindh (ROK)- [[Karachi|Karachi Metropolitan Area]] and [[Sindh]]
* Regional Office Lahore, Punjab (ROL) - [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
* Regional Office Multan, Punjab (ROM) - some divisions of Punjab under ROM like [[Multan]], [[Bahawalpur]], [[Dera Ghazi Khan]]
* Regional Office Northern Areas, Mirpur (AJK) - [[Gilgit-Baltistan]], [[Azad Jammu and Kashmir]]
* Regional Office Peshawar, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (ROP) - [[Khyber Pakthunkhwa]]
* Regional Office Quetta, Balochistan (ROQ) - [[Balochistan]]

==Relations with Pakistan==
{{main|Foreign relations of Pakistan}}
Millions of Pakistanis emigrated to various countries during the 1970s and 1980s. Unlike European immigrants who settled permanently in the new world, many Pakistanis who emigrated considered themselves "sojourners", who left to earn money abroad but not to settle, or were students who intended to return to Pakistan upon completing their degree programs.

===Little Pakistan===
{{Main|Little Pakistan}}
[[File:Top of Rock Cropped.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The [[New York City Metropolitan Area]], including [[New York City]], [[Central Jersey|Central]] [[New Jersey]], as well as [[Long Island]] in [[New York (state)|New York]], is home to the largest [[Pakistani American]] population.]]
''Little Pakistan'' is a general name for an [[ethnic enclave]] primarily populated by [[Pakistanis]] or people of Pakistani ancestry abroad, usually in an [[Urban area|urban]] [[neighborhood]] all over the world

===Pakistan International School===
{{Main|Pakistan International School}}
''Pakistan International Schools'' are [[school]]s based outside [[Pakistan]] that promote the national curriculum. These schools fall under the jurisdiction of the [[Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education]] and mainly cater to students who are not nationals of the host country, such as children of the staff of [[international business]]es, organizations, embassies, missions, or missionary programs.<ref>{{cite web |title=pisj-es.com |url=http://pisj-es.com/npisj/pages/about/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216095444/http://pisj-es.com/npisj/pages/about/ |archive-date=16 February 2017 |access-date=23 January 2018 |website=pisj-es.com}}</ref> For [[overseas Pakistanis|overseas Pakistani]] families, these schools provide continuity in education from Pakistan, as most prefer to stay within the same curriculum, especially for older children.<ref>{{cite web |title=Official Website of Pakistan International School Al-Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.pisjubail.com/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121013756/http://pisjubail.com/ |archive-date=21 January 2018 |access-date=23 January 2018 |website=www.pisjubail.com}}</ref> Pakistan International Schools typically use curricula based on the Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education and offer both [[Urdu]] and [[English language]] classes. There are notable Pakistani International Schools in [[Oman]], [[Saudi Arabia]] and [[Qatar]]

===From the Middle East===
{{Main|Arabs in Pakistan}}
Since the independence of Pakistan in 1947, there has been a large population of Pakistanis in the Middle East, [[Pakistanis in Saudi Arabia|mainly in Saudi Arabia]]. However, since the 1990s, many have opted for countries like the [[United Arab Emirates]], [[Bahrain]], and [[Kuwait]]. Pakistanis who immigrated to these countries or were born there tended to stay close to Pakistani culture. Many "Pakistan International Schools" were opened to cater to the large population and allow them to study under the same boards as students in Pakistan. As a result, those returning to Pakistan from the Middle East have found it much easier to adjust. Pakistanis from the Middle East can be found throughout the country today, usually fluent in Urdu, English, and their regional language. They are mostly involved in [[Trade|trading]], [[Mass media|media]], [[telecommunications]], [[banking]], and [[aviation]].

===From Europe===
{{Main|British people in Pakistan}}
Since the 1990s, a large number of Pakistanis who settled in Europe have been returning to Pakistan. Those born in Europe have also maintained close links to Pakistani culture. However, there are instances where children did not learn Urdu while growing up or were not accustomed to Pakistani culture. As a result, those returning from Europe experience "culture shocks". Returnees from [[Norway]] and [[Denmark]] are mostly settled around [[Kharian]] in [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]] province, whereas those from northern [[England]] ([[Bradford]]) can be found in [[Azad Kashmir]] (mainly [[Mirpur, Azad Kashmir|Mirpur]]), [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], and upper [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]] ([[Jhelum]], [[Chakwal]], [[Attock]], and [[Rawalpindi]]).

===From America===
{{Main|Americans in Pakistan|Canadians in Pakistan}}
Historically, only a small number of Pakistanis from [[Canada]] and the [[United States]] have returned to Pakistan. While they frequently visit during the summer and winter vacations, permanent settlement was not popular among them until 2001. However, since the [[September 11 attacks]] and the [[2008 financial crisis]], many [[Pakistani Americans]] and [[Pakistani Canadians]] have begun to return. The population of returning expatriates from the Americas, who often have excellent credentials, has increased significantly due to new job opportunities in Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |last=Vaswani |first=Karishma |date=6 July 2008 |title=Returning Pakistanis praise new lives |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7490555.stm |access-date=21 May 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Many of these returnees can be found in major cities such as [[Karachi]], [[Lahore]], [[Rawalpindi]], [[Islamabad]], [[Faisalabad]], and [[Peshawar]], as well as in smaller cities and towns like [[Sialkot]]. Those returning from North America generally find it easier to secure jobs in Pakistan and are involved in a wide range of fields, including [[healthcare]], [[engineering]], [[law]], [[banking]], [[information technology]], [[mass media]], and [[Industry (economics)|industry]].

===Remittances===
{{Bar chart
| title       = Remittances sent by year ($US billion)<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Workers' Remittances|url=http://www.sbp.org.pk/ecodata/Homeremit.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041208220022/http://sbp.org.pk:80/ecodata/Homeremit.pdf |archive-date=8 December 2004 |access-date=2021-06-12|website=SBP}}</ref><ref name="Pakistanis remittances">{{cite news|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/920286/pakistan-pockets-remittances-amounting-to-18-4b/|title=Pakistanis remittances|date=14 July 2015|newspaper=The Express Tribune|access-date=19 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="mohammad">{{cite web|url=http://www.overseaspakistanis.net/category/op-news/page/2/|title=OP News Discussions - Voice of Overseas Pakistanis - Page 2|author=Mohammad|access-date=18 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="worldbank.org">{{Cite web|url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPROSPECTS/Resources/334934-1199807908806/Top10.pdf|title = Welcome to World Bank Intranet}}</ref><ref name="dawn.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1201344|title=ECP says it stands by its plan to give overseas Pakistanis right to vote|first=Iftikhar A.|last=Khan|date=19 August 2015|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sbp.org.pk/press/2005/Workers_Remittances-Jul04-Jun05.pdf |title=Pakistan Receives $4.169 Billion as Workers' Remittances During the Last Fiscal Year |access-date=23 January 2018 |archive-date=6 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106011339/http://sbp.org.pk/press/2005/Workers_Remittances-Jul04-Jun05.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sbp.org.pk/press/2006/wrk-remitt-15-Jul-06.pdf |title=Pakistan Receives Record Workers' Remittances of Over $4.6 Billion During the Last Fiscal Year |access-date=23 January 2018 |archive-date=6 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106014828/http://sbp.org.pk/press/2006/wrk-remitt-15-Jul-06.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| label_type  = Year
| data_type   = Remittance ($ billion)
| label1   = 2003
| data1    = 4.23
| label2   = 2004
| data2    = 3.87
| label3   = 2005
| data3    = 4.17
| label4   = 2006
| data4    = 4.61
| label5   = 2007
| data5    = 6.51
| label6   = 2008
| data6    = 7.81
| label7   = 2009
| data7    = 8.91
| label8   = 2010
| data8    = 9.32
| label9   = 2011
| data9    = 11.21
| label10   = 2012
| data10   = 13.19
| label11   = 2013
| data11    = 13.90
| label12   = 2014
| data12    = 15.80
| label13   = 2015
| data13    = 18.72
| label14   = 2016
| data14    = 19.92
| label15   = 2017 
| data15    = 22.30
| label16   = 2018
| data16    = 19.9
| label17   = 2019
| data17    =21.7 
| label18   = 2020
| data18    =23.1 
| label19   = 2021
| data19   =29.4 
| label20   = 2022
| data20    = 31.2
| label21   = 2023
| data21    = 27
| label22   = 2024
| data22    = 
| label23   = 2025
| data23    = 
| label24   = 2026
| data24    = 
| label25   = 2027
| data25    = 
| label26   = 2028
| data26    = 
| label27   = 2029
| data27    = 
| label28   = 2030
| data28    = 
|data_max=50}}

== Population by country ==
[[File:Map of the Pakistani Diaspora in the World.svg|thumb|400px|right|A map showing the distribution and population of Pakistan diaspora by country.<br />
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{{Legend|#000000|Pakistan}}
{{Legend|#01411c|+ 1,000,000}}
{{Legend|#018438|+ 100,000}}
{{col-break}}
{{Legend|#01d059|+ 10,000}}
{{Legend|#a9fec1|+ 1,000}}
{{legend|#a0a0a0|No data}}
{{col-end}}
]]
Population of Pakistanis abroad, by country, according to the 2019-20 Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development Yearbook,<ref name="OPHRD">{{cite web| title =Year Book, 2019&ndash;20| url =https://ophrd.gov.pk/SiteImage/Misc/files/Year%20Book%202019-20.pdf| pages =61| website =ophrd.gov.pk/| location =Islamabad| publisher =Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development| access-date =7 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511040026/https://ophrd.gov.pk/SiteImage/Misc/files/Year%20Book%202019-20.pdf| archive-date =11 May 2023}}</ref> or other estimates (if indicated).

{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
!Country||Article||data-sort-type="number" | Overseas Pakistani population
!World Region
!Total population in the region
|-
|{{flag|Indonesia}}||[[Pakistanis in Indonesia]]||8,645 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock" />
| rowspan="11" |'''[[Southeast Asia]]'''
| rowspan="11" |'''110,488'''
|-
|{{flag|Malaysia}}||[[Pakistanis in Malaysia]]||85,013 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/><ref name="malaymail.com"/>
|-
|{{flag|Thailand}}||[[Pakistanis in Thailand]]||6,500
|-
|{{flag|Singapore}}||[[Pakistanis in Singapore]]||4,562 (2012)<ref>{{cite news |last=Cheema |first=Umar |date=12 July 2012 |title=Where expatriates who reach the top come from |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-16007-Where-expatriates-who-reach-the-top-come-from |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129192448/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-16007-Where-expatriates-who-reach-the-top-come-from |archive-date=29 November 2014 |access-date=31 August 2015 |work=The News}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Myanmar}}
|[[Pakistanis in Burma]]
|3,101 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock" />
|-
|{{flag|Brunei}}
|[[Pakistanis in Brunei]]
|893 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock" />
|-
|{{flag|Vietnam}}||[[Pakistanis in Vietnam]]||622 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock" />
|-
|{{flag|Philippines}}||[[Pakistanis in Philippines]]||451 (2020 census)<ref>{{cite web |date=July 2023 |title=Foreign Citizens in the Country (2020 Census of Population and Housing) |url=https://psa.gov.ph/statistics/population-and-housing/stat-tables |access-date=7 August 2023 |website=psa.gov.ph |publisher=Philippine Statistics Authority}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Cambodia}}||[[Pakistanis in Cambodia]]||350
|-
|{{flag|East Timor}}||[[Pakistanis in East Timor]]||301 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock" />
|-
|{{flag|Laos}}||[[Pakistanis in Laos]]||50
|-
|{{flag|Japan}}||[[Pakistanis in Japan]]||22,118 (2022 official)<ref name="stat.go.jp">{{cite web |date=December 2022 |title=国籍・地域別 在留資格（在留目的）別 在留外国人 |trans-title=Foreign residents by nationality/region and residence status (purpose of residence) |url=https://www.e-stat.go.jp/stat-search/files?page=1&layout=datalist&toukei=00250012&tstat=000001018034&cycle=1&year=20220&month=24101212&tclass1=000001060399 |access-date=7 August 2023 |website=e-stat.go.jp |publisher=e-Stat (Japanese government statistics portal site) |language=ja |quote=パキスタン [Pakistan]}}</ref>
| rowspan="7" |'''[[East Asia]]'''
| rowspan="7" |'''69,738'''
|-
|{{flag|Hong Kong}}||[[Pakistanis in Hong Kong]]||18,178 (2021 census)<ref>{{cite web |date=2021 |title=''Demographic Characteristics – Ethnicity.'' 2021 Population Census |url=https://www.census2021.gov.hk/en/keystat_dashboard.html |access-date=7 August 2023 |website=census2021.gov.hk |publisher=Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|China}}||[[Pakistanis in China]]||15,000
|-
|{{flag|Taiwan}}||[[Pakistanis in Taiwan]]{{Efn|<!-- Taiwan has been recognised as a country instead of a state (or other definition) by Wikipedia, see recent RfC [[Talk:Taiwan/Archive 30#RfC: Taiwan, "country" or "state"]]. Do not change its status as a country. --><ref>Multiple sources:
*{{cite book |title=The Handbook Of East Asia |author=[[Michael Kort]] |publisher=Lerner Publishing Group |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7613-2672-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/handbookofeastas0000kort/page/7 7] |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofeastas0000kort/page/7 |quote=South Korea is another emerging economic powerhouse, as is the Republic of China (ROC), a small country that occupies the island of Taiwan in the shadow of its enormous and hostile mainland neighbor, the PRC.|access-date=26 June 2022 }}
*{{cite book|author1-link=Dafydd Fell|last1=Fell|first1=Dafydd|title=Government and Politics in Taiwan|date=2018|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=978-1-317-28506-9|page=305|url={{GBurl|id=i8hHDwAAQBAJ}}|quote=Moreover, its status as a vibrant democratic state has earned it huge international sympathy and a generally positive image.}}
*{{cite magazine|last1=Campbell |first1=Matthew |title=China's Next Crisis Brews in Taiwan's Upcoming Election |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-01-07/china-s-next-crisis-brews-in-taiwan-s-upcoming-election |magazine=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]] |date=7 January 2020 |issue=4642 |pages=34–39 |issn=0007-7135 |access-date=24 September 2020 |quote=Much has changed in Taiwan since Chiang's day, but this liminal quality has never really gone away. By almost any functional standard, it's a sovereign country}}
*{{cite journal |last=Carolan|first=Christopher|title=The "Republic of Taiwan": Legal-Historical Justification for a Taiwanese Declaration of Independence|journal=New York University Law Review |date=May 2000 |volume=75 |issue=2 |pages=429–468|url=https://www.nyulawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/NYULawReview-75-2-Carolan.pdf|access-date=17 March 2022|quote=These six criteria demonstrate that under international law Taiwan merits recognition as an independent state and as such is already a de facto state.}}
*{{cite book |author =[[Donald S. Zagoria]]|url ={{GBurl|id=J6lzCgAAQBAJ|p=68}} | title =Breaking the China-Taiwan Impasse | publisher =ABC-CLIO |pages =68– |isbn =978-0-313-05755-7 |oclc =1058389524 | date =30 October 2003 |access-date=20 March 2022 |quote=Taiwan possesses all of the elements of a sovereign state: a legitimate government, population, and a well-defined territory. The fact is that the People's Republic of China (PRC), while claiming sovereignty over Taiwan, has never ruled Taiwan since the PRC's establishment in 1949. Thus, Taiwan is in fact a sovereign country from our perspective.}}</ref>}}||259 (2022 official)<ref>{{cite web |date=2022 |title=2022.2Foreign Residents by Nationality |url=https://www.immigration.gov.tw/5475/5478/141478/141380/302369/cp_news |access-date=7 August 2023 |website=immigration.gov.tw |publisher=Ministry of the Interior, National Immigration Agency}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|South Korea}}||[[Pakistanis in South Korea]]||13,990 (2019 official)<ref>{{cite web |date=2019 |title=통계월보 |trans-title=Statistical monthly report |url=https://viewer.moj.go.kr/skin/doc.html?rs=/result/bbs/227&fn=temp_1581918117248100 |access-date=7 August 2023 |website=moj.go.kr |publisher=출입국 외국인정책 (Korea Immigration Service) |pages=16 |language=ko |quote=체류외국인 연도별·국적(지역)별 현황 [Current status of foreign residents by year and nationality (region)] {{pipe}} 파키스탄 [Pakistan]}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|North Korea}}||[[Pakistanis in North Korea]]||172 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock" />
|-
|{{flag|Mongolia}}||[[Pakistanis in Mongolia]]||21 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock" />
|-
|{{flag|Bhutan}}||[[Pakistanis in Bhutan]]||21 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock" />
| rowspan="7" |'''[[South Asia]]'''
| rowspan="7" |'''1,035,444'''
|-
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
|[[Pakistanis in Bangladesh]]
|11,196 (2011 census)<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Birth different country |url=http://redatam.bbs.gov.bd/redbin/RpWebEngine.exe/Portal?BASE=HPC2011_long |access-date=7 August 2023 |website=redatam.bbs.gov.bd}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|India}}
|[[Pakistanis in India]]
|918,982 (2011 census)<ref name="Census of India">{{cite web| title =''Population classified by place of birth and sex.'' Census of India| url =https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10671/download/13783/DS-0000-D01-MDDS.XLSX| date =2011| website =censusindia.gov.in| publisher =Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Afghanistan|2013}}
|[[Pakistanis in Afghanistan]]
|102,500 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock" />
|-
|{{flag|Nepal}}
|[[Pakistanis in Nepal]]
|1,212 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock" />
|-
|{{flag|Sri Lanka}}
|[[Pakistanis in Sri Lanka]]
|1,083 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock" />
|-
|{{flag|Maldives}}
|[[Pakistanis in Maldives]]
|450
|-
|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}||[[Pakistanis in Saudi Arabia]]||2,714,684
| rowspan="17" |[[West Asia|'''West Asia''']]
| rowspan="17" |'''5,359,721'''
|-
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}||[[Pakistanis in the United Arab Emirates]]||1,600,000
|-
|{{flag|Kuwait}}||[[Pakistanis in Kuwait]]||339,033 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/>
|-
|{{flag|Oman}}||[[Pakistanis in Oman]]||250,092 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/>
|-
|{{flag|Qatar}}||[[Pakistanis in Qatar]]||235,505 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/><ref name="priyadsouza.com"/>
|-
|{{flag|Bahrain}}||[[Pakistanis in Bahrain]]||117,000
|-
|{{flag|Jordan}}||[[Pakistanis in Jordan]]||16,500
|-
|{{flag|Iran}}||[[Pakistanis in Iran]]||14,320 (2016 census)<ref>{{cite web |date=2017 |title=''3. POPULATION.'' IRAN STATISTICAL YEARBOOK 1396 |url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/1/yearbook/1396/03.pdf |access-date=7 August 2023 |website=amar.org.ir |publisher=National Organization for Civil Registration, Iran |pages=38 |quote=3.22. POPULATION BY SEX AND CITIZENSHIP {{pipe}} 1395 Census.}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Libya}}||[[Pakistanis in Libya]]||6,000
|-
|{{flag|Cyprus}}||[[Pakistanis in Cyprus]]||4,000
|-
|{{flag|Yemen}}||[[Pakistanis in Yemen]]||3,024 (2017 estimate)<ref name="OPHRD 2017">{{cite web |title=Year Book, 2017&ndash;18 |url=http://callsarzameen.ophrd.gov.pk/web/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Year-Book-2017-18.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829202243/http://callsarzameen.ophrd.gov.pk/web/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Year-Book-2017-18.pdf |archive-date=29 August 2019 |access-date=7 August 2023 |website=ophrd.gov.pk/ |publisher=Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development |pages=54 |location=Islamabad}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Syria}}||[[Pakistanis in Syria]]||481
|-
|{{flag|Lebanon}}||[[Pakistanis in Lebanon]]||721 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock" />
|-
|{{flag|Iraq}}||[[Pakistanis in Iraq]]||688 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock" />
|-
|{{flag|Georgia}}||[[Pakistanis in Georgia]]||27<ref name="OPHRD" /><br />86 (2002 census)<ref name="UNdataF">{{cite web |date=2023 |title=Foreign-born population by country/area of birth, age and sex |url=https://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=pop&f=tableCode%3A44 |access-date=7 August 2023 |website=data.un.org |publisher=United Nations Statistics Division}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}||[[Pakistanis in Azerbaijan]]||274 (2022 official)<ref>{{cite web |date=2023 |title=Migration &ndash; International migration |url=https://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/?lang=en |access-date=7 August 2023 |website=stat.gov.az |publisher=The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan |quote=7.2.  Distribution of person arriving and departing to Azerbaijan for permanent residency.}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Turkey|Türkiye]]||[[Pakistanis in Turkey|Pakistanis in Türkiye]]||17,290 (2021 official)<ref>{{cite web |date=2022 |title=Vatandaşlık ülkesine göre yabancı nüfus |trans-title=Foreign population by country of citizenship |url=https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=The-Results-of-Address-Based-Population-Registration-System-2021-45500 |access-date=7 August 2023 |website=tuik.gov.tr |publisher=Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (Turkish Statistical Institute) |language=tr}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}||[[Pakistanis in Uzbekistan]]||357
| rowspan="5" |[[Central Asia|'''Central Asia''']]
| rowspan="5" |'''2,824'''
|-
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}||[[Pakistanis in Kazakhstan]]||350
|-
|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}||[[Pakistanis in Kyrgyzstan]]||2000
|-
|{{flag|Tajikistan}}||[[Pakistanis in Tajikistan]]||103 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock" />
|-
|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}||[[Pakistanis in Turkmenistan]]||14
|-
|{{flag|Sudan}}||[[Pakistanis in Sudan]]||2,000
| rowspan="42" |'''[[Africa]]'''
| rowspan="42" |'''49,467'''
|-
|{{flag|Algeria}}||[[Pakistanis in Algeria]]||2,500
|-
|{{flag|Mauritania}}||[[Pakistanis in Mauritania]]||50
|-
|{{flag|Morocco}}
|[[Pakistanis in Morocco]]
|176 (2017 estimate)<ref name="OPHRD 2017" />
|-
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|[[Pakistanis in Egypt]]
|619 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock" />
|-
|{{flag|Tunisia}}
|[[Pakistanis in Tunisia]]
|500
|-
|{{flag|South Africa}}||[[Pakistanis in South Africa]]|| 11,157 (2016 official)<ref>{{cite web| title =Community Survey 2016 &ndash; Statistical Release| url =http://cs2016.statssa.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/NT-30-06-2016-RELEASE-for-CS-2016-_Statistical-releas_1-July-2016.pdf| pages =37| date =2016| location =Pretoria| website =statssa.gov.za| publisher =Statistics South Africa| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefridaytimes.com/tft/pakistanis-who-have-never-seen-pakistan/|title=Pakistanis who have never seen Pakistan|date=10 January 2014|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Kenya}}||[[Pakistanis in Kenya]]||10,000
|-
|{{flag|Uganda}}||[[Pakistanis in Uganda]]||5,000
|-
|{{flag|Mozambique}}||[[Pakistanis in Mozambique]]||4,423 (2020 estimate)<ref name="UNdata26">{{cite web| title =Population by national and/or ethnic group, sex and urban/rural residence| url = https://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=POP&f=tableCode:26| date =2023| website =data.un.org| publisher =United Nations Statistics Division| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Tanzania}}||[[Pakistanis in Tanzania]]||3,050
|-
|{{flag|Nigeria}}||[[Pakistanis in Nigeria]]||2,050
|-
|{{flag|Mali}}||[[Pakistanis in Mali]]||1,500
|-
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||[[Pakistanis in Zimbabwe]]||700
|-
|{{flag|Malawi}}||[[Pakistanis in Malawi]]||515
|-
|{{flag|Burundi}}||[[Pakistanis in Burundi]]||500
|-
|{{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Pakistanis in Rwanda]]||500
|-
|{{flag|Liberia}}||[[Pakistanis in Liberia]]||500
|-
|{{flag|Botswana}}||[[Pakistanis in Botswana]]||464 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/>
|-
|{{flag|Lesotho}}||[[Pakistanis in Lesotho]]||419 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/>
|-
|{{flag|Mauritius}}||[[Pakistanis in Mauritius]]||378
|-
|{{flag|Zambia}}||[[Pakistanis in Zambia]]||350
|-
|{{flag|Djibouti}}||[[Pakistanis in Djibouti]]||300
|-
|{{flag|South Sudan}}||[[Pakistanis in South Sudan]]||250
|-
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}||[[Pakistanis in Ethiopia]]||240
|-
|{{flag|Namibia}}||[[Pakistanis in Namibia]]||173 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/>
|-
|{{flag|Madagascar}}||[[Pakistanis in Madagascar]]||138
|-
|{{flag|Senegal}}||[[Pakistanis in Senegal]]||122
|-
|{{flag|Congo DR}}||[[Pakistanis in Congo|Pakistanis in Democratic Republic of the Congo]]||115
|-
|{{flag|Gambia}}||[[Pakistanis in Gambia]]||109
|-
|{{flag|Eritrea}}||[[Pakistanis in Eritrea]]||100
|-
|{{flag|Sierra Leone}}||[[Pakistanis in Sierra Leone]]||86 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/>
|-
|{{flag|Ghana}}||[[Pakistanis in Ghana]]||76 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/>
|-
|{{flag|Angola}}||[[Pakistanis in Angola]]||75
|-
|{{flag|Somalia}}||[[Pakistanis in Somalia]]||72 (2017 estimate)<ref name="OPHRD 2017"/>
|-
|{{flag|Niger}}||[[Pakistanis in Niger]]||68
|-
|{{flag|Ivory Coast}}||[[Pakistanis in Ivory Coast]]||66
|-
|{{flag|Réunion}} ''(France)''||[[Pakistanis in Réunion]]||45 (2015 census)<ref name="UNdataF"/>
|-
|{{flag|Guinea}}||[[Pakistanis in Guinea]]||29 (2014 census)<ref name="UNdataF"/>
|-
|{{flag|Seychelles}}||[[Pakistanis in Seychelles]]||28
|-
|{{flag|Comoros}}||[[Pakistanis in Comoros]]||14
|-
|{{flag|Guinea Bissau}}||[[Pakistanis in Guinea Bissau]]||10
|-
|{{flag|Brazil}}||[[:pt:Imigração paquistanesa no Brasil|Pakistanis in Brazil]]||2,348 (2022 official)<ref>{{cite web| title =Banco Interativo – Imigrantes internacionais registrados no Brasil| trans-title =Interactive Database – International immigrants registered in Brazil| language =pt| url =https://www.nepo.unicamp.br/observatorio/bancointerativo/numeros-imigracao-internacional/sincre-sismigra/| quote = País de nascimento [Country of birth] &ndash; Paquistão [Pakistan]| date =May 2022| website =nepo.unicamp.br| publisher =Observatório das Migrações em São Paulo – NEPO/UNICAMP (Migration Observatory in São Paulo, Brazil)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
| rowspan="16" |'''[[Latin America]]'''
| rowspan="16" |'''4,220'''
|- 
|{{flag|Chile}}||[[Pakistanis in Chile]]||653 (2017 census)<ref>{{cite web| title =Censo de Población y Vivienda 2017| trans-title =Population and Housing Census 2017| language =es| url =https://redatam-ine.ine.cl/redbin/RpWebEngine.exe/Portal?BASE=CENSO_2017&lang=esp| quote =Cruces [Crosstabs] &ndash; Variables de Personas [Population Variables] &ndash; País de nacimiento [Country of birth] {{pipe}} Pakistán [Pakistan]| date =2018| website =ine.cl| publisher =Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas INE (National Statistics Institute), Chile| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Mexico}}||[[Pakistanis in Mexico]]||331 (2020 census)<ref>{{cite web| title =Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020 &ndash; Conjunto de datos: Población total| trans-title =Population and Housing Census 2020 &ndash; Data set: Total population| language =es| url =https://www.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/Olap/Proyectos/bd/censos/cpv2020/pt.asp#| quote =Seleccione las variables [Select the variables, at least two] &ndash; Migracion [Migration] &ndash; Lugar de nacimiento [Place of birth] {{pipe}} En otro país [In another country] &ndash; Pakistán [Pakistan]| website =inegi.org.mx| publisher =Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía - INEGI (National Institute of Statistic and Geography, Mexico)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Ecuador}}||[[Pakistanis in Ecuador]]||225
|-
|{{flag|Peru}}||[[Pakistanis in Peru]]||153 (2017 official)<ref>{{cite web| title =ESTADÍSTICAS DE LA EMIGRACIÓN INTERNACIONAL DE PERUANOS E INMIGRACIÓN DE EXTRANJEROS, 1990 – 2017| trans-title =STATISTICS OF PERUVIANS' INTERNATIONAL EMIGRATION AND FOREIGNERS' IMMIGRATION, 1990 – 2017| language =es| url =https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1549/libro.pdf| pages =239| quote =EXTRANJEROS RESIDENTES POR SEXO, SEGÚN NACIONALIDAD AL 2017 [RESIDENT FOREIGNERS BY SEX, ACCORDING TO NATIONALITY AS AT 2017] {{pipe}} Pakistán [Pakistan]| date =2018| website =inei.gob.pe| publisher =Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (National Statistics and Informatics Institute, Peru)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Panama}}||[[Pakistanis in Panama]]||99 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/>
|-
|{{flag|Dominican Republic}}||[[Pakistanis in Dominican Republic]]||75 (2010 census)<ref>{{cite web| title =IX CENSO NACIONAL DE POBLACIÓN Y VIVIENDA 2010 &ndash; Informe General| trans-title =IX NATIONAL POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS 2010 &ndash; General Report | language =es| url =https://censo2010.one.gob.do/volumenes_censo_2010/vol1.pdf | pages =98| quote =Población nacida en otro país, por zona de residencia y sexo, según país de nacimiento [Population born in another country, by area of residence and sex, according to country of birth] {{pipe}} Pakistán [Pakistan]| date =June 2012| website =one.gob.do| publisher =Oficina Nacional de Estadística (National Statistics Office, Dominican Republic)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Uruguay}}||[[Pakistanis in Uruguay]]||75
|-
|{{flag|Argentina}}||[[Pakistanis in Argentina]]||64 (2010 census)<ref name="UNdataF"/>
|-
|{{flag|Bolivia}}||[[Pakistanis in Bolivia]]||40
|-
|{{flag|Venezuela}}||[[Pakistanis in Venezuela]]||40
|- 
|{{flag|Colombia}}||[[Pakistanis in Colombia]]||37 (2018 census)<ref>{{cite web| title =Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2018| trans-title =National Population and Housing Census 2018| language =es| url =http://systema59.dane.gov.co/bincol/RpWebEngine.exe/Portal?BASE=CNPVBASE4V2&lang=esp| quote =Consultar información [Check information] &ndash; Cruce de Variables [Variables Crosstabs] &ndash; Personas [Population] &ndash; País de nacimiento [Country of birth] {{pipe}} Pakistán [Pakistan]| date =2018| website =dane.gov.co| publisher =Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas DANE (National Administrative Department of Statistics, Colombia)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Paraguay}}||[[Pakistanis in Paraguay]]||30
|-
|{{flag|Guatemala}}||[[Pakistanis in Guatemala]]||26 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/>
|-
|{{flag|Nicaragua}}||[[Pakistanis in Nicaragua]]||14
|-
|{{flag|Puerto Rico}} ''(USA)''||[[Pakistanis in Puerto Rico]]||10 (2021 census)<ref>{{cite web| title =ASIAN ALONE OR IN ANY COMBINATION BY SELECTED GROUPS. ''American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Table B02018''| url =https://data.census.gov/table?q=B02018&g=040XX00US72| date =2021| website =data.census.gov| publisher =U.S. Census Bureau| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|United States}}||[[Pakistani Americans]]||684,438 (2023 American Community Survey)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Alone or in Any Combination by Selected Groups |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=B02018}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" |'''[[Northern America]]''' 
| rowspan="2" |'''987,698'''
|-
|{{flag|Canada}}||[[Pakistani Canadian]]||303,260 (2021 official census)<ref name="Canada Census"/>
|-
|{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}||[[Pakistanis in Trinidad and Tobago]]||88
| rowspan="7" |'''[[Caribbean]]'''
| rowspan="7" |'''209'''
|-
|{{flag|Bermuda}} ''(UK)''||[[Pakistanis in Bermuda]]||29 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/>
|-
|{{flag|Guyana}}||[[Pakistanis in Guyana]]||25
|-
|{{flag|Suriname}}||[[Pakistanis in Suriname]]||25
|-
|{{flag|Grenada}}||[[Pakistanis in Grenada]]||21
|-
|{{flag|Cayman Islands}} ''(UK)''||[[Pakistanis in Cayman Islands]]||11 (2019 official)<ref>{{cite web |title=COMPENDIUM OF STATISTICS 2019 |url=https://www.eso.ky/UserFiles/right_page_docums/files/uploads/chapter_10_-_labour_force_and_employment.xlsx |access-date=7 August 2023 |website=eso.ky |publisher=Economics and Statistics Office, Cayman Islands (UK) |quote=Work Permits By Nationality, 2019.}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Barbados}}||[[Pakistanis in Barbados]]||10
|-
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}||[[British Pakistanis]],<br />[[Pakistani community of London|Pakistanis in London]]||[[United Kingdom]]: 1,662,286 (2011 official UK census)<ref name="UK Census 2011">{{cite web| title =2011 Census: Ethnic group, local authorities in the United Kingdom| url =http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-and-quick-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-the-united-kingdom---part-1/rft-ks201uk.xls| date =11 October 2013| website =ons.gov.uk| publisher =Office for National Statistics (ONS)| access-date =28 February 2015| url-status =live| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131021150149/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-and-quick-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-the-united-kingdom---part-1/rft-ks201uk.xls| archive-date =21 October 2013}}</ref>{{efn|name="census"|This census figure may not include recent immigrants or people of [[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|partial]] Pakistani ancestry.}}<br />[[England]]: 1,570,287 (2021 census)<ref name="England and Wales">{{cite web |date=29 November 2022 |title=Ethnic group, England and Wales: Census 2021 |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/ethnicity/bulletins/ethnicgroupenglandandwales/census2021 |access-date=7 August 2023 |website=ons.gov.uk |publisher=Office for National Statistics (ONS) |quote=Local Authorities &ndash; Population by ethnic group, 2021, local authorities in England and Wales.}}</ref><br />[[Scotland]]: 49,381 (2011 census)<ref name="UK Census 2011" /><br />[[Wales]]: 17,535 (2021 census)<ref name="England and Wales" /><br />[[Northern Ireland]]: 1,596 (2021 census)<ref>{{cite web| title =Ethnic group MS-B01 {{pipe}} ''Census 2021''| url =https://www.nisra.gov.uk/system/files/statistics/census-2021-ms-b01.xlsx| date =September 2022| website =nisra.gov.uk| publisher =Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
| rowspan="37" |'''[[Europe]]'''
| rowspan="37" |'''2,243,152'''
|-
|{{flag|Italy}}||[[Pakistanis in Italy]]||162,413 (2024 official)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Popolazione residente per cittadinanza o paese di nascita |url=https://demo.istat.it/app/?i=RCS&l=it |access-date=2025-02-21 |website=demo.istat.it}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Germany}}||[[Pakistanis in Germany]]||140,000 (2022 official)<ref name="destatis.de"/>
|-
|{{flag|Spain}}||[[Pakistanis in Spain]]||114,693 (2023 official)<ref name="ine.es"/>
|-
|{{flag|Norway}}||[[Pakistanis in Norway]]||46,300 (2023 official)<ref name="ssb.no"/>
|-
|{{flag|Greece}}||[[Pakistanis in Greece]]||34,177 (2011 official census)<ref name="statistics Greece"/>
|-
|{{flag|Portugal}}||[[Pakistanis in Portugal]]||30,000 (2024 official Pakistani embassy estimate)<ref>{{cite web| title =Relatório de Imigração, Fronteiras e Asilo &ndash; 2022| trans-title =Immigration, Borders and Asylum Report &ndash; 2022| language =pt| url =https://www.sef.pt/pt/Documents/RIFA2022%20vF2a.pdf| pages =61| quote =População Residente (Stock e Fluxo) por nacionalidade e sexo [Resident Population (Stock and Flow) by nationality and sex] {{pipe}} Paquistão [Pakistan]| date =May 2023| website =sef.pt| publisher =Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras (Foreigners and Borders Service, Portugal)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Low wages in Portugal push Pakistanis to other EU countries |url=https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/2025-01-31/low-wages-in-portugal-push-pakistanis-to-other-eu-countries/95240 |access-date=2025-02-21 |website=www.theportugalnews.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|France}}||[[Pakistanis in France]]||29,387 (2019 official)<ref name="europa.eu">{{cite web| title =Population on 1 January by age group, sex and country of birth| url =https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_pop3ctb/default/table?lang=en| date =2023| website =europa.eu| publisher =Eurostat| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Sweden}}||[[Pakistanis in Sweden]]||27,292 (2022 official)<ref name="scb.se"/>
|-
|{{flag|Netherlands}}||[[Pakistanis in the Netherlands]]||27,261 (2022 official)<ref name="cbs.nl"/>
|-
|{{flag|Denmark}}||[[Pakistanis in Denmark]]||26,714 (2023 official estimate)<ref name="Map Analyser"/>
|-
|{{flag|Belgium}}||[[Belgium–Pakistan relations#Pakistanis in Belgium|Pakistanis in Belgium]]||19,247 (2012 official estimate)<ref>{{cite web |last=Hertogen |first=Jan |date=2012 |title=Beste wensen, inbegrepen aan de 2.738.486 inwoners van vreemde afkomst in België op 01/01/2012 |trans-title=Best wishes, including to the 2,738,486 inhabitants of foreign origin in Belgium on 01/01/2012 |url=http://www.npdata.be/BuG/155-Vreemde-afkomst/Vreemde-afkomst.htm |access-date=7 August 2023 |website=npdata.be |publisher=Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (Central Bureau of Statistics, Netherlands) |language=nl |quote=Inwoners België naar land van afkomst op 01/01/2012 (1) - Sorteren langs pijltje [Residents of Belgium by country of origin on 01/01/2012 (1) - Sort by arrow] {{pipe}} Pakistan}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Republic of Ireland}}||[[Ireland–Pakistan relations#Pakistanis in Ireland|Pakistanis in Ireland]]||12,891 (2016 official census)<ref>{{cite web| title =Census 2016 Summary Results - Part 1| url =https://www.cso.ie/en/media/csoie/newsevents/documents/census2016summaryresultspart1/Census2016SummaryPart1.pdf| date =April 2017| website =cso.ie| publisher =Central Statistics Office, Ireland| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Austria}}||[[Pakistanis in Austria]]||5,914 (2021 census)<ref>{{cite web| title =Bevölkerung nach detailliertem Geburtsland, Geschlecht und Bundesland 2021| trans-title =Population by detailed country of birth, gender and federal state 2021| language =de| url =https://www.statistik.at/fileadmin/pages/407/Bev_Gebland_Geschl_Bundesl_2021.ods| quote =Pakistan| date =April 2023| website =statistik.at| publisher =Statistik Austria| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Finland}}||[[Pakistanis in Finland]]||4,726 (2022 official estimate)<ref>{{cite web| title =11rq -- Country of birth according to sex by municipality, 1990-2022| url =https://statfin.stat.fi/PxWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_11rq.px/| website =statfin.stat.fi| publisher =Statistics Finland| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Switzerland}}||[[Pakistanis in Switzerland]]||3,217 (2020 official estimate)<ref>{{cite web| title =Foreign permanent resident population by citizenship, 1980-2020| url =https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/fr/home/statistiques/catalogues-banques-donnees/tableaux.assetdetail.18344262.html| date =September 2021| website =bfs.admin.ch| publisher =Swiss Federal Statistical Office| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Ukraine}}||[[Pakistanis in Ukraine]]||2,000
|-
|{{flag|Russia}}||[[Pakistanis in Russia]]||1,878 (2015 official)<ref>{{cite web| title =Официальные статистические данные &ndash; Статистические сведения в отношении иностранных граждан, находящихся на территории Российской Федерации| trans-title =Official statistics &ndash; Statistical information regarding foreign citizens located on the territory of the Russian Federation| language =ru| url =http://www.fms.gov.ru/about/statistics/data/details/54891/| quote =ПАКИСТАН [Pakistan]| date =October 2015| website =fms.gov.ru| publisher =Федеральная Миграционная Служба (Federal Migration Service, Russia)| access-date =7 August 2023| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20151028233734/http://www.fms.gov.ru/about/statistics/data/details/54891/| archive-date =28 October 2015}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Hungary}}||[[Pakistanis in Hungary]]||1,719 (2022 official)<ref name="europa.eu"/>
|-
|{{flag|Poland}}||[[Pakistanis in Poland]]||1,318
|-
|{{flag|Romania}}||[[Pakistanis in Romania]]||1,032 (2020 estimate)<ref name="europa.eu"/>
|-
|{{flag|Czech Republic}}||[[Pakistanis in Czech Republic]]||979 (2022 official)<ref>{{cite web| title =Cizinci v ČR podle státního občanství v letech 1994 - 2022 (k 31. 12.)| trans-title =Foreigners in the Czech Republic by citizenship in the years 1994–2022 (as at 31 December)| language =cs| url =https://www.czso.cz/documents/11292/27320905/c01R04_2022.xlsx/0f178239-3e02-42cf-8d60-78a89bbb7c03?version=1.0| quote =Pákistán [Pakistan]| date =May 2023| website =czso.cz| publisher =Český statistický úřad (Czech Statistical Office)| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Estonia}}||[[Pakistanis in Estonia]]||555 (2021 census)<ref>{{cite web| title =RLV501: POPULATION BY COUNTRY OF BIRTH AND SEX (2000, 2011, 2021)| url =https://andmed.stat.ee/en/stat/rahvaloendus__rel_vordlus__pelisus-ja-ranne/RLV501| website =stat.ee| publisher =Statistics Estonia| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Malta}}||[[Pakistanis in Malta]]||549 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/>
|-
|{{flag|Albania}}||[[Pakistanis in Albania]]||491 (irregular foreigners) (2019 official)<ref>{{cite web| title =Foreigners in Albania| url =https://www.instat.gov.al/media/7362/foreigners-in-albania.pdf| website =instat.gov.al| publisher =Institute of Statistics, Albania| access-date =7 August 2023| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20201025105825/https://www.instat.gov.al/media/7362/foreigners-in-albania.pdf| archive-date =25 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}||[[Pakistanis in Bulgaria]]||456 (2022 official)<ref name="europa.eu"/>
|-
|{{flag|Luxembourg}}||[[Pakistanis in Luxembourg]]||206 (2020 official)<ref>{{cite web| title =Population by nationalities in detail 2011 - 2020| url =https://statistiques.public.lu/stat/TableViewer/tableViewHTML.aspx?ReportId=12859&IF_Language=eng&MainTheme=2&FldrName=1| date =April 2020| website =statistiques.public.lu| publisher =STATEC, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg| access-date =7 August 2023| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20200425100607/https://statistiques.public.lu/stat/TableViewer/tableViewHTML.aspx?ReportId=12859&IF_Language=eng&MainTheme=2&FldrName=1| archive-date =25 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Latvia}}||[[Pakistanis in Latvia]]||144 (2023 official)<ref>{{cite web| title =Usually resident population by citizenship at the beginning of year – Citizenship and Time period| url =https://data.stat.gov.lv/pxweb/en/OSP_PUB/START__POP__IR__IRV/IRV010/| date =2023| website =stat.gov.lv| publisher =Official Statistics Portal, Latvia| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Iceland}}||[[Pakistanis in Iceland]]||137 (2022 official)<ref>{{cite web| title =Population by country of birth, sex and age 1 January 1998-2022| url =https://px.hagstofa.is/pxen/pxweb/en/Ibuar/Ibuar__mannfjoldi__3_bakgrunnur__Faedingarland/MAN12103.px| date =November 2022| website =hagstofa.is| publisher =Statistics Iceland| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Slovakia}}||[[Pakistanis in Slovakia]]||130 (2020 official)<ref name="europa.eu"/>
|-
|{{flag|Belarus}}||[[Pakistanis in Belarus]]||120
|-
|{{flag|Lithuania}}||[[Pakistanis in Lithuania]]||51 (2021 census)<ref name="UNdataF"/>
|-
|{{flag|Slovenia}}||[[Pakistanis in Slovenia]]||41 (2022 official)<ref>{{cite web| title =Population by country of citizenship, 5-year age groups and sex, Slovenia, annually| url =https://pxweb.stat.si/SiStatData/pxweb/en/Data/-/05E1008S.px| website =stat.si| publisher =Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Serbia}}||[[Pakistanis in Serbia]]||28
|-
|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}||[[Pakistanis in Bosnia and Herzegovina]]||25
|-
|{{flag|Moldova}}||[[Pakistanis in Moldova]]||16 (2021 official)<ref>{{cite web| title =Informație despre numărul străinilor documentați cu permise de ședere în Republica Moldova la data de 31.12.2021| trans-title =Information on the number of documented foreigners with residence permits in the Republic of Moldova on 31.12.2021| language =ro| url =http://bma.gov.md/sites/default/files/sites/default/files/atasamente/comunicate/numarul_straini_documentati_cu_perm_de_sedere.31.12.2021.pdf| date =2022| website =bma.gov.md| publisher =Bureau for Migration and Asylum (BMA), Moldova| access-date =7 August 2023| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20230419062506/http://bma.gov.md/sites/default/files/sites/default/files/atasamente/comunicate/numarul_straini_documentati_cu_perm_de_sedere.31.12.2021.pdf| archive-date =19 April 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Croatia}}||[[Pakistanis in Croatia]]||10
|-
|{{flag|Australia}}||[[Pakistani Australian]]||120,440  (2023 official census)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country profile - Pakistan |url=https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-statistics/statistics/country-profiles/profiles/pakistan}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" |'''[[Oceania]]'''
| rowspan="3" |'''130,401'''
|-
|{{flag|New Zealand}}||[[Pakistani New Zealander]]||8,094 (2023 census)<ref>{{cite web| title =Pakistani ethnic group &ndash; ''2018 census ethnic group summaries''| url =https://www.stats.govt.nz/tools/2018-census-ethnic-group-summaries/pakistani| date =2018| website =stats.govt.nz| publisher =Stats NZ Tatauranga Aotearoa, New Zealand| access-date =7 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{flag|Fiji}}||[[Pakistanis in Fiji]]||1,867 (2020 estimate)<ref name="Intl Migrant Stock"/>
|-style="background:#ccf;"|-bgcolor="#ccccff"
||'''Total overseas Pakistani population'''|| ||'''9,993,362'''
|
|'''9,993,362'''
|}


==See also==
===Diasporas of Pakistani ethnic groups===
* [[Baloch diaspora]]
* [[Kashmiri diaspora]]
* [[Hazara diaspora]]
* [[Mahajir (Pakistan)|Muhajir diaspora]]
* [[Pashtun diaspora]]
* [[Punjabi diaspora]]
* [[Sindhi diaspora]]
* [[Saraiki diaspora]]

===Other===
* [[NADRA]]
* [[Demographics of Pakistan]]
* [[Pakistani students abroad]]
*[[Little Pakistan]]
*[[Pakistan International School|Pakistan International Schools]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7174294.stm

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite journal|doi=10.3390/rel12050356|doi-access=free |title=Mapping Muslim Moral Provinces: Framing Feminized Piety of Pakistani Diaspora |date=2021 |last1=Mehmood |first1=Maryyum |journal=Religions |volume=12 |issue=5 |page=356 }}

{{Commons category|Pakistani diaspora}}

==External links==
* [http://www.mofa.gov.pk Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Affairs Division]
* [https://www.census.gov/prod/2002pubs/c2kbr01-16.pdf The Asian Population Census report 2010]
* [http://www.urdu.org.au Pakistan Cultural Association -Australia]

{{Pakistani Diaspora}}
{{Overseas Asians}}
{{Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development}}
{{Pakistan topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Pakistani diaspora| ]]