View source for P-270 Moskit

{{Infobox weapon
|is_missile=yes
|name=Moskit
|image= 3M80E Moskit SS-N-22 Sunburn at ARMY-2022.JPG
|image_size = 
|caption=
|origin= [[Soviet Union]]
|type=[[Anti-ship missile]]
|used_by=Soviet Union, Russia, China, Egypt
|manufacturer=[[MKB Raduga]]
|unit_cost=
|propellant=
|production_date=1983
|service=1984{{efn|the first ship with 3M80 missiles was actually ready in 1978, formally adopted in 1981<ref name="new-factoria.ru">{{cite web|url=http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/moskit/moskit.shtml|title=Противокорабельная ракета 3M80 (3М80Е) Москит|access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref>}}
|engine=Four [[ramjet]]s ([[solid fuel]] rocket on air-to-surface version)
|engine_power=
|weight={{convert|4,500|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|length={{convert|9.745|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|height=
|diameter={{convert|0.8 |m|in|abbr=on}}
|wingspan={{convert|2.10 |m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|speed= [[Mach number|Mach]] 2-3<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/moskit.htm|title=Moskit / SS-N-22 Sunburn|access-date=1 October 2014|archive-date=28 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828093030/http://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/moskit.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|vehicle_range={{convert|120|-|250|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|ceiling=
|altitude={{convert|20|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level
|filling= 300 kg (660 lb) overall {{convert|150|kg|lb|abbr=on}} explosive or 120 [[kiloton|kt]] TNT fission-[[Nuclear fusion|fusion]] [[thermonuclear weapon]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}}
|guidance=[[inertial guidance]] plus terminal [[active radar homing]]
|detonation=
|launch_platform=[[naval ship]]s, [[fixed-wing aircraft]], coastal and road mobile [[transporter erector launcher]]
}}

The '''P-270 Moskit''' ({{langx|ru|П-270 «Моски́т»}}; {{langx|en|[[Mosquito]]}}) is a Soviet [[supersonic]] [[ramjet]] powered [[Anti-ship missile|anti-ship]] [[cruise missile]]. Its [[GRAU]] designation is '''3M80''', air launched variant is the '''Kh-41''' and its [[NATO reporting name]] is [[SS-N-22|SS-N-22 Sunburn]] (one of two missiles with that designation). The missile system was designed by the [[Raduga Design Bureau]] during the 1970s as a follow-up to the [[P-120 Malakhit]] (NATO reporting name "SS-N-9 Siren"). The Moskit was originally designed to be ship-launched, but variants have been adapted to be launched from land (modified trucks), underwater ([[submarine]]s) and air (reportedly the [[Sukhoi Su-33]], a naval variant of the [[Sukhoi Su-27]]), as well as on the [[Lun-class ekranoplan]]. The missile can carry conventional and nuclear [[warhead]]s. The exact classification of the missile is unknown, with varying types reported. This uncertainty is due to the secrecy surrounding an active military weapon. The missile has been purchased and exported to the [[People's Liberation Army Navy]] (China) and [[Egyptian Navy]] (Egypt).

==Design==
[[File:Ships of the Pacific Fleet fires Moskit cruise missiles in the Sea of Japan.jpg|right|thumb|A ship of the Pacific Fleet fires Moskit cruise missiles in the Sea of Japan, 2019.]]
The missile is capable of reaching a speed of {{convert|3|Mach}} at high altitude and Mach 2.2 at low-altitude. This speed is 4.25 to 3 times more than speed of the subsonic American [[Boeing AGM-84 Harpoon|Harpoon]]. The Moskit was designed to be employed against smaller NATO naval groups in the [[Baltic Sea]] (Danish and German) and the [[Black Sea]] (Turkish) and non-NATO vessels in the Pacific (Japanese, South Korean, etc.), and to defend the Russian mainland against NATO amphibious assault.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dtig.org/docs/Russian-Soviet%20Naval%20Missiles.pdf|title=dtig.org|access-date=8 October 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205005744/http://www.dtig.org/docs/Russian-Soviet%20Naval%20Missiles.pdf|archive-date=5 February 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The missile can perform intensive anti-defense maneuvers with overloads in excess of 10 ''g'', which completed for {{convert|9|km|mi}} before the target.<ref name="new-factoria.ru"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.testpilot.ru/russia/raduga/kh/41/moskit.htm|title=ПКР Москит|access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bora-class.info/arms/|title=Вооружение РКВП "Бора" и "Самум" Черноморского флота|access-date=8 October 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923193725/http://www.bora-class.info/arms/|archive-date=23 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Variants of the missile have been designated 3M80M, 3M82 (Moskit M).<ref>{{cite web|url=//www.edefenseonline.com/default.asp?func=sitereg |title=eDefense - Detect. Decide. Shoot. Survive. |access-date=1 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20060430235933/http://www.edefenseonline.com/default.asp?func=sitereg |archive-date=30 April 2006 }}</ref> The P-270 designation is believed to be the initial product codename for the class of missile, with the Russian Ministry of Defense [[Main Agency of Missiles and Artillery of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union|GRAU indices]] (starting with 3M) designating the exact variant of the missile. The 3M80 was its original model. The 3M80M model (also termed 3M80E for export) was a 1984 longer range version of the missile, with the latest version with the longest range being the 3M82 Moskit M. The ASM-MSS / Kh-41 variant is the 1993 air-launched version of the missile.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ktrv.ru/about/structure/458/459/ |title=История |trans-title=History |language=ru |access-date=25 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806154247/http://www.ktrv.ru/about/structure/458/459/ |archive-date=6 August 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The 3M80MVE variant has an optional longer {{convert|240|km|mi}} range through a second, high-altitude flight profile setting, however using the higher altitude profile would make the missile detectable at much greater distances.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gormley |first1=Dennis M. |last2=Erickson |first2=Andrew S. |last3=Yuan |first3=Jingdong |date=30 September 2014 |title=A Potent Vector: Assessing Chinese Cruise Missile Developments |url=http://ndupress.ndu.edu/Media/News/NewsArticleView/tabid/7849/Article/577568/jfq-75-a-potent-vector-assessing-chinese-cruise-missile-developments.aspx |journal=Joint Forces Quarterly |publisher=[[National Defense University (Washington, D.C.)|National Defense University]] |issue=75 |pages=102 }}</ref>

==Specifications==
[[Image:3M80 Moskit - Kh-41 - SS-N-22 Sunburn.png|right|350px|Profile of the missile.]]
*Launch range:
**min: {{convert|10–12|km|mi nmi|abbr=on}}
**Maximum firing range:<ref name="new-factoria.ru"/>

:::3M80 – {{convert|90-120|km|mi nmi|abbr=on}} (surface ship);<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.modernforces.ru/h-41/|title=Х-41|access-date=8 October 2015|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221638/http://www.modernforces.ru/h-41/|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{convert|250|km|mi nmi|abbr=on}} (aircraft)<ref name="airwar.ru">{{Cite web|url=http://www.airwar.ru/weapon/pkr/moskit.html|title = X-41 (3M-80E) Москит}}</ref>

:::3M80E – {{convert|120|km|mi nmi|abbr=on}} (surface ship)

:::3M80MVE – {{convert|140|km|mi nmi|abbr=on}} (surface ship, low-altitude trajectory); {{convert|240|km|mi nmi|abbr=on}} (surface ship, combined trajectory)

*Missile flight speed: {{convert|2,800|km/h|mph Mach|abbr=on}}
*Missile cruising altitude: 10 – 20&nbsp;m (low-altitude trajectory), under 7&nbsp;m for the attack at the target.<ref name="new-factoria.ru"/><ref name="airwar.ru"/>
*Launch sector relative to ship’s lateral plane, ang.deg: ±60
*Launch readiness time:
**From missile power-on till first launch: 50 seconds
**From combat-ready status: 11 seconds
* Inter-missile launch time (in a salvo): 5 seconds
*Launch weight:
**3M-80E missile {{convert|4,150|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
**3M-80E1 missile {{convert|3,970|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
*Warhead type: penetrator
*Warhead weight: 300&nbsp;kg (explosives 150)
*Dimensions:
**Length: 9.385 m
**Body diameter: 0.8 m
**Wing span: 2.1 m
**Folded wing/empennage span: 1.3 m

== Variants ==
* '''P-80 Zubr''' (with missile 3M80) shorter dimensions and range.
* '''P-270 Moskit''' (with missile 3M82) longer range and dimensions, maybe faster.
* '''Kh-41''' air launched AGM ([[air-to-ground missile]]) or AShM ([[anti-ship missile]]).
* '''P-270MV''' Coastal Anti-Ship, GLCM (ground launch cruise missile), LACM (land attack cruise missile) variants, '' SSC-7/12 ''.
* '''P-270MVE''' export version.

== Operators ==
* {{RUS}} is the main user, under VMF, GLCM in coastal missile defence (raketnjy berezhnjy\govaja okhrana), ALCM in VVS
** {{navy|Russian Federation}}
* {{EGY}} Used on P-32 Molniya class missile boat<ref>{{cite news|url=http://balabin-1712.livejournal.com/3395.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150813194412/http://balabin-1712.livejournal.com/3395.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 August 2015 |website=balabin-1712.livejournal.com |title=ГВАРДЕЙСКИЙ РАКЕТНЫЙ КАТЕР "Р-32" ПЕРЕДАН ЕГИПТУ |date=13 August 2015 |language=ru }}</ref>
* {{IND}}
* {{IRN}}
* {{PRC}}<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Tactical Missiles Corporation Missile Exportation Since 1992 |journal=[[Moscow Defense Brief]] |url=https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/94687/2008_4.pdf |issue=4/2008 |page=27}}</ref>
* {{VIE}}
* {{flag|North Korea}} (unknown)

=== Former operators ===
* {{USSR}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/moskit.htm FAS report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828093030/http://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/moskit.htm |date=28 August 2016 }}
*[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/moskit.htm Global Security report]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150923193725/http://www.bora-class.info/arms/ Moskit Online Photoalbum from BSF]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120205005744/http://www.dtig.org/docs/Russian-Soviet%20Naval%20Missiles.pdf DTIG.org report (PDF)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061207171731/http://www.ausairpower.net/TE-PGMs-July-04-P.pdf "Asia’s Advanced Precision Guided Munitions" (PDF)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060820230233/http://ausairpower.net/ascms.pdf Missile analysis (PDF)]
*[http://www.testpilot.ru/russia/raduga/kh/41/images/shema.jpg Start from the plane for a combined trajectory (concept of combat employment). (Ru)]

{{Commons category|P-270 Moskit}}

{{Russian and Soviet missiles|SSM}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
[[Category:Cruise missiles]]
[[Category:Anti-ship cruise missiles of the Soviet Union|P-270]]
[[Category:Ramjet-powered missiles]]
[[Category:Surface-to-surface missiles of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:MKB Raduga products]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1980s]]