View source for Outline of Middle-earth

{{short description|Overview of the history of Middle-earth}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2022}}
<!--... Attention:  THIS IS AN OUTLINE

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The following [[Outline (list)|outline]] is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the real-world history and notable fictional elements of [[J. R. R. Tolkien]]'s [[Tolkien's legendarium|fantasy universe]]. It covers materials created by Tolkien; the works on his unpublished manuscripts, by his son [[Christopher Tolkien]]; and films, games and other media created by other people.

'''[[Middle-earth]]''' – fantasy setting created by Tolkien, home to hobbits, orcs, ents, dragons, and many other races and creatures.

{{TOC limit|limit=4}}

== Primary sources ==

=== Authors ===
* [[J. R. R. Tolkien]]
* [[Christopher Tolkien]]

=== Published works ===
{{further|J. R. R. Tolkien bibliography}}

==== By J. R. R. Tolkien ====

* ''[[The Hobbit]]'' (1937)
** 2nd Edition (1951) revised to align with ''The Lord of the Rings''
** 3rd Edition (1966) revised to assert copyright in US
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''
** ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' (1954)
*** [[The Shadow of the Past]]
*** [[The Council of Elrond]]
** ''[[The Two Towers]]'' (1954)
** ''[[The Return of the King]]'' (1955)
*** [[The Scouring of the Shire]] - a "novelistic" chapter
*** [[The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen]]
* ''[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]'' (1962)
** Revised edition (2014) with addition of original poems, sources and images, and commentary by Christina Scull and Wayne G. Hammond 
* ''[[The Road Goes Ever On]]'' (1967) – music by [[Donald Swann]], penmanship by Tolkien. See also [[#Audio recordings|Audio recordings]]
** Revised edition (1978) – including a setting for [[Bilbo's Last Song]]

; Posthumously published
*''[[Bilbo's Last Song]]'' (1974) – Dutch translation published 1973
* [[Translations of The Lord of the Rings#Tolkien's Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings|"Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings"]] (1975) – also known as "Nomenclature of ''The Lord of the Rings''"
*''[[The Silmarillion]]'' (1977)
**''[[Ainulindalë]]''
*''Pictures by J. R. R. Tolkien'' (1979) – text by Christopher Tolkien. Most of these pictures had been previously published in calendars by [[Ballantine Books]] (1973) and [[George Allen & Unwin]] (1974, 1976–1979), some of them coloured by H. E. Riddett.
*''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' (1980)
*''[[J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator]]'' (1995) – text by [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]]
*''The Art of The Hobbit by J. R. R. Tolkien'' (2011) – text by Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull
*''The Art of The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien'' (2015) – text by Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull

==== Edited by Christopher Tolkien ====

These works present extended selections of [[Tolkien's legendarium]] (the large body of documents relating to ''The Silmarillion''), with extensive notes and posthumous editing by [[Christopher Tolkien|his son Christopher]]. The separate 4-volume body of his comments on the drafts of ''The Lord of the Rings'' is included as volumes 6–9.

===== ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'' =====

; Early legendarium
:1 ''[[The Book of Lost Tales 1]]'' (1983)
:2 ''[[The Book of Lost Tales 2]]'' (1984)
:3 ''[[The Lays of Beleriand]]'' (1985)
:4 ''[[The Shaping of Middle-earth]]'' (1986)
:5 ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'' (1987)

; ''[[The History of The Lord of the Rings]]''
:6 [1] ''[[The Return of the Shadow]]'' (1988)
:7 [2] ''[[The Treason of Isengard]]'' (1989)
:8 [3] ''[[The War of the Ring]]'' (1990)
:9 [4] ''[[Sauron Defeated]]'' (1992)

; The later ''Silmarillion''
:10 [1] ''[[Morgoth's Ring]]'' (1993)
:11 [2] ''[[The War of the Jewels]]'' (1994)

; Further details
:12 ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'' (1996)

===== Other stories =====

* ''[[The Tolkien Reader]]'' and ''[[Tales from the Perilous Realm]]'' both reprint ''The Adventures of Tom Bombadil''

Additional materials from the legendarium, with Christopher Tolkien's commentary.

* ''[[The Children of Húrin]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Beren and Lúthien]]'' (2017)
* ''[[The Fall of Gondolin]]'' (2018)

====Edited by other scholars ====

* ''[[The Annotated Hobbit]]'' (1988) – text of ''The Hobbit'', with many related texts by Tolkien, edited and with commentary by [[Douglas A. Anderson]] (revised edition 2002)

* ''[[The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien]]'' (1981) – selected, introduced and edited by [[Humphrey Carpenter]]

* ''[[The Nature of Middle-earth]]'' (2021) – essays and fragments, including on Elvish linguistics, with commentary by the scholar [[Carl F. Hostetter]]

* ''[[The History of The Hobbit]]'' (2007) – 2 volumes on the construction of ''The Hobbit'' with commentary by the scholar [[John D. Rateliff]]

===Audio recordings===

* ''[[Poems and Songs of Middle Earth]]'' (1967), [[Caedmon Audio|Caedmon]] TC 1231 – poems read by Tolkien; songs sung by William Elvin, accompanied by composer Donald Swann (as published in ''[[The Road Goes Ever On]]'')
* ''J. R. R. Tolkien Reads and Sings his The Hobbit & The Lord of the Rings'' (1975), Caedmon TC 1477, TC 1478 (based on an August, 1952 recording by [[George Sayer (biographer)|George Sayer]])
* ''J. R. R. Tolkien The Silmarillion Of Beren And Lúthien'' (1977), Caedmon TC 1564 – Christopher Tolkien reads chapter 19 of ''The Silmarillion'', slightly abridged

=== Graphical works ===
* [[Tolkien's artwork]] 
* [[Tolkien's maps]] 
* [[Tolkien's scripts]] 
** [[Cirth]]
** [[Sarati]]
** [[Tengwar]]

== Translation ==

* [[Translations of The Hobbit|Translations of ''The Hobbit'']]
* [[Translating The Lord of the Rings|Translating ''The Lord of the Rings'']] (issues, challenges, approaches)
** [[Translation of The Lord of the Rings into Swedish|Translation of ''The Lord of the Rings'' into Swedish]]
** [[List of translations of The Lord of the Rings|List of translations of ''The Lord of the Rings'']]

== Adaptations and developments ==

{{see also|Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien|Adaptations of The Hobbit|Adaptations of The Lord of the Rings}}

=== Maps ===

{{Main|Tolkien's maps}}

* ''[[A Map of Middle-earth]]'', meaning either of two posters:
** by [[Barbara Remington]] (1965)
** by [[Pauline Baynes]] (1970)
* ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'' (1981, revised ed 1991) by [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]]
* ''[[Journeys of Frodo|Journeys of Frodo: An Atlas of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings]]'' (1981) by [[Barbara Strachey]]

=== Spoken word ===

* ''The Hobbit'' (1974) – [[Nicol Williamson]] recorded an abridged, dramatic version for [[Decca Records]] on the [[Argo Records (UK)|Argo]] label
* ''[[Rob Inglis#Tolkien works|The Lord of the Rings]]'' (1990) – unabridged recording by [[Rob Inglis]] for [[Recorded Books]]
* ''The Hobbit'' (1991) – unabridged recording by Rob Inglis for Recorded Books
* ''[[Christopher Lee#Voice work|The Children of Húrin]]'' (2007) – Christopher Lee recorded an unabridged audiobook
* ''[[Andy Serkis#Other work|The Hobbit]]'' (2020) – [[Andy Serkis]] live-streamed an unabridged reading to raise money for [[NHS Charities Together]]
* ''The Hobbit'' (2020) – unabridged recording by Andy Serkis for [[HarperCollins|HarperCollinsUK]] and Recorded Books
* ''The Lord of the Rings'' (2021) – unabridged recording by Andy Serkis for HarperCollinsUK and Recorded Books

=== Radio ===

* ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)|The Lord of the Rings]]'' (1955) – [[BBC Radio|BBC]]: six 45-minute episodes for ''The Fellowship of the Ring'', then six 30-minute episodes for all of ''The Two Towers'' and ''The Return of the King'', adapted by [[Terence Tiller]]
* ''[[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|The Hobbit]]'' (1968) – BBC: eight half-hour episodes, adapted by [[Michael Kilgarriff]]
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|The Lord of the Rings]]'' (1979) – [[National Public Radio]]: totalling over 11 hours, adapted by [[Bernard Mayes]]
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|The Lord of the Rings]]'' (1981) – BBC: 26 half-hour instalments, later re-cut to 13 hour-long instalments, adapted by [[Brian Sibley]] and [[Michael Bakewell]]
* ''[[Der Herr der Ringe]]'' (1991) – [[Südwestrundfunk]] and [[Westdeutscher Rundfunk]]: German adaptation of ''The Lord of the Rings'' in 30 half-hour episodes, by {{ill|Peter F. Steinbach|de|Peter Steinbach (Drehbuchautor)}}

=== Motion pictures ===

{{Main|Middle-earth in motion pictures}}

* ''[[The Hobbit (1967 film)|The Hobbit]]'' (1967) – [[Gene Deitch]]'s short animated adaptation
* ''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)|The Hobbit]]'' (1977) – an animated musical television special by Rankin/Bass
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|The Lord of the Rings]]'' (1978) – an animated film of the first half of the book by Ralph Bakshi
* ''[[Adaptations of The Hobbit#Film and television|The Hobbit]]'' (1979) – children's program [[Jackanory]] broadcast ten 15-minute episodes
* ''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)|The Return of the King]]'' (1980) – the animated sequel to 1977's ''The Hobbit''
* ''[[Khraniteli]]'' (1991) - a "lost" Russian television play, now recovered
* ''[[Hobitit]]'' (1993) - a Finnish rendering of the Hobbits' journey in ''The Lord of the Rings''
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'' (2022) – prequel series by [[Amazon Studios]]

==== Peter Jackson ====

* [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' film series]] – the live-action trilogy by [[Peter Jackson]]
** Films
*** ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' (2001)
*** ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'' (2002)
*** ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' (2003)
** [[Production of The Lord of the Rings film series|Production]]
*** [[Wētā Workshop]]
** [[Music of The Lord of the Rings film series|Music]]
*** [[Recordings of the music for The Lord of the Rings film series|Recordings]]
** [[Peter Jackson's interpretation of The Lord of the Rings|Peter Jackson's interpretation]]

* [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' film series]] – Jackson's three-part prequel to his ''The Lord of the Rings'' series
** Films
*** ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'' (2012)
*** ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'' (2013)
*** ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]'' (2014)
** [[Music of The Hobbit film series|Music]]

=== Stage ===

*[[Rob Inglis#Tolkien works|Rob Inglis]] wrote and performed one-man adaptations of ''The Hobbit'' and ''The Lord of the Rings'' starting in the 1970s
*''[[Lord of the Rings (musical)|Lord of the Rings]]'' (2006) – Musical staged in Toronto, re-written for London in 2007

=== Games===

==== Tabletop games ====

{{Main|List of Middle-earth role-playing games}}

*''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'' (1984) – [[Iron Crown Enterprises]]
*''[[Lord of the Rings Adventure Game]]'' (1991) – Iron Crown Enterprises
*''[[The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game]]'' (2002)  –[[Decipher, Inc.]]
*''[[The One Ring Roleplaying Game|The One Ring: Adventures over the Edge of the Wild]]'' (2011) – [[Cubicle 7]]
*''[[Adventures in Middle-earth]]'' (2016) – [[Open Game License|OGL]] supplement by Cubicle 7

==== Video games ====

{{Main|Middle-earth in video games}}

*''[[The Hobbit (1982 video game)|The Hobbit]]'' (1982)
*''[[Elendor]]'' (1991)
*''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)|The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'' (2002)
*''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|The Hobbit]]'' (2003)
*''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)|The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' (2003)
*''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age]]'' (2004)
*''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]'' (2004)
*''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age (Game Boy Advance)]]'' (2004)
*''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'' (2006)
*''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king]]'' (2006)
*''[[The Lord of the Rings: The White Council]]'' (2007; cancelled)
*''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'' (2007)
*''[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]'' (2009)
*''[[The Lord of the Rings: Tactics]]'' (2009)
*''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]'' (2010)
*''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'' (2011)
*''[[Guardians of Middle-earth]]'' (2012)
*''[[Lego The Lord of the Rings (video game)|Lego The Lord of the Rings]]'' (2012)
*''[[Lego The Hobbit (video game)|Lego The Hobbit]]'' (2014)
*''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor]]'' (2014)
*''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of War]]'' (2017)

=== Parodies ===

*''[[Bored of the Rings]]'' (1969) – [[Harvard Lampoon]] novel
*''[[Hordes of the Things (radio series)|Hordes of the Things]]'' (1980) – BBC radio series
*''[[Bored of the Rings (video game)|Bored of the Rings]]'' (1985) – [[Delta 4]] video game
*''[[The Boggit: Bored Too]]'' (1986) – Delta 4 video game
*''[[Muddle Earth]]'' (2003) – children's novel by [[Paul Stewart (writer)|Paul Stewart]]
*''[[Fellowship!]]'' (2004) – musical

== Geography==
=== Cosmology of Eä ===
{{Main|Cosmology of Tolkien's legendarium}}

* [[Two Trees of Valinor]]

=== Continents of Arda ===
* [[Middle-earth]]
* [[Númenor]]
* [[Valinor]] (on Aman)

=== Nations and regions ===
{{main|Geography of Middle-earth}}

* [[Beleriand]]
* [[Gondor]]
* [[Harad]]
* [[Lothlórien]]
* [[Mordor]]
* [[Rohan (Middle-earth)|Rohan]]
* [[Shire (Middle-earth)|The Shire]]

=== Natural features ===

* [[Lonely Mountain|The Lonely Mountain]]
* [[Mirkwood]]
* [[Old Forest|The Old Forest]]

=== Cities and other populated places ===

* [[Bag End]]
* [[Bree (Middle-earth)|Bree]]
* [[Esgaroth]]
* [[Isengard]]
* [[Moria (Middle-earth)|Moria]]
* [[Rivendell]]

== History==
{{See also|History of Arda}}

===Artefacts===

* [[Mithril]]
* [[Palantír|The Palantíri]]
* [[Phial of Galadriel]]
* [[Rings of Power]]
** [[One Ring|The One Ring]]
* [[Silmarils|The Silmarils]]
* [[Middle-earth weapons and armour|Weapons and armour]]

===Events===
<!--chronological order-->

; First Age
* [[Sundering of the Elves]]

; Third Age 
* [[Battle of Helm's Deep]]
* [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]
* [[Battle of the Morannon]]
* [[The Scouring of the Shire]]

=== Characters ===
{{Main|List of Middle-earth characters}}

====First Age====
''House of Finwë''
* [[Finwë]]
* [[Fëanor]]
* [[Maedhros]]
* [[Finrod Felagund]]
* [[Galadriel]]
* [[Glorfindel]]

''House of Elwë and Olwë''
* [[Thingol]]
* [[Lúthien]]

''House of Marach''
* [[Húrin]]
* [[Túrin Turambar]]
* [[Tuor]]
* [[Eärendil and Elwing]]
* [[Elrond]]
* [[Arwen]]

''Others''
* [[Beren]]
* [[Sauron]]
* [[Ungoliant]]

====Second Age====

* [[Elendil]]
* [[Gil-galad]]
* [[Isildur]]

====Third Age====
''Thorin and Company''
* [[Thorin Oakenshield]]
* [[Balin (Middle-earth)|Balin]]
* [[Bilbo Baggins]]
* [[Gandalf]]

''The [[Company of the Ring]]''
* [[Frodo Baggins]]
* [[Samwise Gamgee]]
* [[Merry Brandybuck]]
* [[Pippin Took]]
* [[Aragorn]]
* [[Boromir]]
* Gandalf
* [[Legolas]]
* [[Gimli (Middle-earth)|Gimli]]

''[[Wizard (Middle-earth)|Wizards]]'':
* Gandalf
* [[Radagast]]
* [[Saruman]]

''Elves''
* [[Arwen]]
* Galadriel
* Glorfindel
* Legolas
* [[Thranduil]]

''Men''
* Aragorn
* [[Bard the Bowman|Bard]]
* Boromir
* [[Denethor]]
* [[Éomer]]
* [[Éowyn]]
* [[Faramir]]
* [[Gríma Wormtongue]]
* [[Théoden]]

''Other characters''
* [[Barrow-wight]]
* [[Beorn]]<!--a skin-changer, man/bear-->
* [[Goldberry]]
* [[Gollum]]
* [[Old Man Willow]]
* [[Shelob]]
* [[Treebeard]]
* [[Tom Bombadil]]
* [[Watcher in the Water]]

== Culture==
=== Races ===
{{Main|Middle-earth peoples}}

''[[Ainur (Middle-earth)|Ainur]]''
* [[Vala (Middle-earth)|Valar]]
* [[Maia (Middle-earth)|Maiar]]
** [[Balrog]]s
**Wizards

''[[Man (Middle-earth)|Men]]''
* [[Drúedain]]
* [[Dúnedain]]

''[[Tolkien's monsters|Monsters]]''
* [[Dragons (Middle-earth)|Dragons]]
* [[Nazgûl]]
* [[Orc (Middle-earth)|Orcs]]
* [[Troll (Middle-earth)|Trolls]]
* [[Warg]]s

''Other''
<!--Eru Ilúvatar is a REDIRECT-->
* [[Dwarf (Middle-earth)|Dwarves]]
* [[Eagle (Middle-earth)|Eagles]]
* [[Elf (Middle-earth)|Elves]]
* [[Ent]]s
* [[Hobbit]]s

=== Languages===
{{main|Languages of Middle-earth}}
''[[Elvish languages (Middle-earth)|Elvish language]]s''
* [[Quenya]]
** [[Grammar of late Quenya]]
* [[Sindarin]]

''Other''
* [[Adûnaic]]
* [[Khuzdul]]
* [[Black Speech]]

=== Folklore and poetry===

* ''[[A Elbereth Gilthoniel]]''
* [[A Walking Song]]
* ''[[Namárië]]''
* [[Song of Eärendil]]
* [[Errantry]]
* [[Fastitocalon (poem)|Fastitocalon]]
* [[The Lay of Leithian]]
* [[The Lay of the Children of Húrin]]
* [[The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late]]
* [[The Road Goes Ever On (song)|The Road Goes Ever On]]
* [[The Sea-Bell]]
* [[The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen]]
* [[Beren and Lúthien]]
<!--The Tale of Túrin Turambar is NOT AN ARTICLE-->

== Analysis ==

=== Influences ===

* [[J. R. R. Tolkien's influences]]
** [[Nodens]]
** [[Ring of Silvianus]]
** [[Sigelwara Land]]
* [[Tolkien's impact on fantasy]]

=== Components ===

* [[Tolkien's artwork|Artwork]]
* [[Tolkien's Middle-earth family trees|Family trees]]
* [[Heraldry of Middle-earth|Heraldry]]
* ''for Tolkien's invented Languages, see above''
* [[Tolkien's maps|Maps]]
* [[Non-narrative elements in The Lord of the Rings|Non-narrative elements]]
* [[Tolkien's poetry]] 
** [[Poetry in The Lord of the Rings|Poetry in ''The Lord of the Rings'']]
** ''see above for individual poems''

=== Literary devices ===

* [[Anachronism in Middle-earth|Anachronism]]
* [[Character pairing in The Lord of the Rings|Character pairing]]
* [[Editorial framing of The Lord of the Rings|Editorial framing]]
* [[Tolkien's frame stories|Frame stories]]
** [[Ælfwine (Tolkien)|Ælfwine]]
** (''see also'' [[The Lost Road and Other Writings|The Lost Road]])
** [[The Notion Club Papers]]
** [[Red Book of Westmarch]]
* [[Impression of depth in The Lord of the Rings|Impression of depth]]
* [[Interlacing in The Lord of the Rings|Interlacing]]
* [[Narrative structure of The Lord of the Rings|Narrative structure]]
* [[Tolkien's style|Prose style]]
** [[Tolkien's ambiguity|Ambiguity]]

=== Sources ===

* [[Tolkien and antiquarianism|Antiquarianism]]
* [[Beowulf and Middle-earth|''Beowulf'']]
* [[Tolkien and the Celtic|Celtic]]
* [[Tolkien and the classical world|Classical world]]
* [[Tolkien's Finnish influences|Finnish influences]]
* [[The Great War and Middle-earth|First World War]]
* [[Tolkien's modern sources|Modern]]
* [[Tolkien and the Norse|Norse]]
* [[Philology and Middle-earth|Philology]]
* [[Shakespeare's influence on Tolkien|Shakespeare]]

=== Themes ===
{{main|Themes of The Lord of the Rings|l1=Themes of ''The Lord of the Rings''}}

* [[Addiction to power in The Lord of the Rings|Addiction to power]]
* [[Ancestry as guide to character in Tolkien's legendarium|Ancestry as guide to character]]
* [[Architecture in Middle-earth|Architecture]]
* [[Christianity in Middle-earth|Christianity]]
* [[Decline and fall in Middle-earth|Decline and fall]]
* [[England in Middle-earth|England]]
* [[Environmentalism in The Lord of the Rings|Environmentalism]]
* [[Heroism in The Lord of the Rings|Heroism]]
* [[Languages constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien|Languages]]
* [[Light in Tolkien's legendarium|Light]]
* [[Luck and fate in Middle-earth|Luck and fate]]
* [[Magic in Middle-earth|Magic]]
* [[Tolkien and the medieval|Medieval]]
* [[Tolkien's moral dilemma|Moral dilemma]]
* [[Music of Middle-earth|Music]]
* [[Naming of weapons in Middle-earth|Naming of weapons]]
* [[Northern courage in Middle-earth|Northern courage]]
* [[Old Straight Road]]
* [[Paganism in Middle-earth|Paganism]]
* [[Plants in Middle-earth|Plants]]
* [[Psychological journeys of Middle-earth|Psychological journeys]]
* [[Quests in Middle-earth|Quests]]
* [[Tolkien and race|Race]]
* [[Sexuality in The Lord of the Rings|Sexuality]]
* [[Sound and language in Middle-earth|Sound and language]]
* [[Time in J. R. R. Tolkien's fiction|Time]]
* [[Trees and forests in Middle-earth|Trees and forests]]
* [[Women in The Lord of the Rings|Women]]

=== Music ===

* [[Music of The Lord of the Rings film series]]
* [[The Tolkien Ensemble]]

=== Scholarship ===
{{main|Tolkien research|Category:Tolkien studies}}

==== Institutions ====

* [[Tolkien Gateway]]
* [[The Tolkien Society]]
* [[The Mythopoeic Society]]
:* [[Elvish Linguistic Fellowship]]
* [[Marion E. Wade Center]]
* [[Signum University]]

==== Journals ====

* ''[[Journal of Tolkien Research]]''
* ''[[Mallorn (journal)|Mallorn]]''
* ''[[Mythlore]]''
* ''[[Tolkien Studies]]''
* ''[[Vinyar Tengwar]]''

==== Scholars ====

* [[Douglas A. Anderson]]
* [[Nicholas Birns]] 
* [[Stratford Caldecott]]
* [[Jane Chance]]
* [[Patrick Curry]]
* [[Michael D. C. Drout]]
* [[Jonathan Evans (scholar)|Jonathan Evans]]
* [[Jason Fisher]] 
* [[Verlyn Flieger]]
* [[John Garth (author)|John Garth]] 
* [[Glen GoodKnight]] 
* [[Wayne G. Hammond]]
* [[Stuart D. Lee]] 
* [[Jared Lobdell]] 
* [[Catherine McIlwaine]]
* [[Gergely Nagy (scholar)|Gergely Nagy]] 
* [[Corey Olsen]] 
* [[John D. Rateliff]]
* [[Fleming Rutledge]] 
* [[Christina Scull]]
* [[Elizabeth Solopova]]
* [[Sandra Ballif Straubhaar]] 
* [[Richard C. West]] 
* [[Ralph C. Wood]]

==== Biographical works ====

* ''[[J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography]]'' (1977) – by Humphrey Carpenter
* ''[[Tolkien and the Great War]]'' (2003) – by [[John Garth (author)|John Garth]]
* ''[[The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary]]'' (2006) – by  [[Peter Gilliver]], Jeremy Marshall and [[Edmund Weiner]]

==== Works ====

{{see also category|Tolkien studies}}

* ''[[Tolkien: A Look Behind "The Lord of the Rings"]]'' (1969) – by [[Lin Carter]] (revised 2003 by [[Adam Roberts (British writer)|Adam Roberts]])
* ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'' (1971) – ed. Robert Foster (revised 1978, 2001)
* ''[[Master of Middle-Earth]]'' (1972) – by [[Paul H. Kocher]]
* ''[[Tolkien's Art: 'A Mythology for England']]'' (1979) – by [[Jane Chance]]
* ''[[The Road to Middle-Earth]]'' (1982) – by [[Tom Shippey]] (revised 1993, 2005)
* ''[[Splintered Light]]'' (1983) – by [[Verlyn Flieger]]
* ''[[J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century]]'' (2000) – by Tom Shippey
* ''[[Tolkien's Legendarium: Essays on The History of Middle-earth]]'' (2000) – eds Verlyn Flieger and Carl F. Hostetter 
* ''[[Tolkien: A Cultural Phenomenon]]'' (2003) – by Brian Rosebury
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'' (2005) – by Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull
* ''[[The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide]]'' (2006) – by Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull
* ''[[The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia]]'' (2006) – ed. [[Michael D. C. Drout]]
* ''[[A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien]]'' (2014) – ed. [[Stuart D. Lee]]
* ''[[Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth]]'' (2018) – by Catherine McIlwaine
* ''[[The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien]]'' (2020) – by John Garth

== See also ==

* [[List of The Hobbit characters]]
* [[List of original characters in The Lord of the Rings film series]]

== External links ==

{{sister project links|"Middle-earth"}} <!-- "Middle-earth" is in quotes to ensure it is searched for as an item, not as "Middle" AND/OR "earth". -->

* [http://tolkien.slimy.com/ The Tolkien Meta-FAQ] – answers to commonly asked questions about Tolkien and Middle-earth.
* [https://www.marquette.edu/library/archives/tolkien.php J. R. R. Tolkien Collection at Marquette University] – manuscripts of ''The Hobbit'' and ''The Lord of the Rings'', and related documents

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[[Category:Middle-earth|*Outline]]
[[Category:Middle-earth lists|*]]
[[Category:Outlines of culture and arts|Middle-earth]]
[[Category:Outlines|Middle-earth]]