View source for Ottoman dynasty

{{Short description|Royal family of the Ottoman Empire}}
{{About|the historical royal family|the territorial state over which it ruled|Ottoman Empire|current members of the House of Osman|Osmanoğlu family}}
{{distinguish|Ottonian dynasty}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Royal house|
| surname = House of Osman
| type = [[Imperial house]]
| coat of arms = [[File:Coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire (1882–1922).svg|230px|Coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire (1882–1922)]]
| country = {{flag|Ottoman Empire}}
| cadet branches = [[Osmanoğlu family]]
| titles = *[[Padishah]]
*[[Sultan]]
*[[Pasha]]
*[[Bey]]
*[[Khan (title)|Khan]]
*[[Ghazi (warrior)|Ghazi]]
*[[Ottoman claim to Roman succession|Qayser-i Rûm]]
*''[[Şehzade]]''
*''[[Efendi]]''
*''[[Çelebi#Title|Çelebi]]''
*[[Caliph]]
*[[Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques]]
*[[Amir al-Mu'minin]]
| founder = [[Osman I]]
| final ruler = *[[Mehmed VI]] ([[List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman sultan]])
*[[Abdulmejid II]] ([[List of caliphs#Ottoman Caliphate (1517–1924)|Ottoman caliph]])
| current head = [[Harun Osman]]
| founding year = {{start date and age|1299}}
| deposition = *[[Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate|1 November 1922]] (Ottoman Empire)
*[[Abolition of the Caliphate|3 March 1924]] (Ottoman Caliphate)
| traditions = [[Sunni Islam]]
}}
{{State organisation of Ottoman Empire}}

The '''Ottoman dynasty''' ({{langx|tr|Osmanlı Hanedanı}}) consisted of the members of the imperial '''House of Osman''' ({{langx|ota|خاندان آل عثمان|Ḫānedān-ı Āl-i ʿO<u>s</u>mān}}), also known as the '''Ottomans''' ({{langx|tr|Osmanlılar}}). According to Ottoman tradition, the family originated from the [[Kayı (tribe)|Kayı tribe]]{{refn|group=nb|A claim which has come under criticism from many historians, who argue either that the Kayı genealogy was fabricated in the fifteenth century, or that there is otherwise insufficient evidence to believe in it.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kafadar |first=Cemal |title=Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State |date=1995 |page=122 |isbn=978-0-520-20600-7 |quote=That they hailed from the Kayı branch of the Oğuz confederacy seems to be a creative "rediscovery" in the genealogical concoction of the fifteenth century. It is missing not only in Ahmedi but also, and more importantly, in the Yahşi Fakih-Aşıkpaşazade narrative, which gives its own version of an elaborate genealogical family tree going back to Noah. If there was a particularly significant claim to Kayı lineage, it is hard to imagine that Yahşi Fakih would not have heard of it }}
* {{Cite book |last=Lowry |first=Heath |title=The Nature of the Early Ottoman State |publisher=SUNY Press |date=2003 |page=78 |isbn=0-7914-5636-6 |quote=Based on these charters, all of which were drawn up between 1324 and 1360 (almost one hundred fifty years prior to the emergence of the Ottoman dynastic myth identifying them as members of the Kayı branch of the Oguz federation of Turkish tribes), we may posit that...}}
* {{Cite book |last=Shaw |first=Stanford |title=History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey |url=https://archive.org/details/historyottomanem00shaw |url-access=limited |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=1976 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyottomanem00shaw/page/n38 13] |quote=The problem of Ottoman origins has preoccupied students of history, but because of both the absence of contemporary source materials and conflicting accounts written subsequent to the events there seems to be no basis for a definitive statement. }}</ref>}} branch of the [[Oghuz Turks]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shaw |first=Stanford |title=History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey |url=https://archive.org/details/historyottomanem00shaw |url-access=limited |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=1976 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyottomanem00shaw/page/n38 13] }}</ref> under the leadership of [[Osman I]] in northwestern [[Anatolia]] in the district of [[Bilecik]], [[Söğüt]]. The Ottoman dynasty, named after Osman I, ruled the [[Ottoman Empire]] from {{circa}} 1299 to 1922.

During much of the Empire's history, the sultan was the absolute regent, head of state, and head of government, though much of the power often shifted to other officials such as the [[List of Ottoman grand viziers|Grand Vizier]]. During the [[First Constitutional Era|First]] (1876–78) and [[Second Constitutional Era]]s (1908–20) of the late Empire, a shift to a constitutional monarchy was enacted, with the Grand Vizier taking on a prime ministerial role as head of government and heading an elected [[General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire|General Assembly]].

The imperial family was deposed from power and [[Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate|the sultanate was abolished]] on 1 November 1922 immediately after the [[Turkish War of Independence]]. The [[Turkey|Republic of Turkey]] was declared the following year. The living members of the dynasty were initially sent into exile as ''[[150 personae non gratae of Turkey|personae non-gratae]]'', though some have been allowed to return and live as private citizens in Turkey. In its current form, the family is known as the [[Osmanoğlu family]].

==History==
The Ottoman dynasty operated under several basic premises: that the sultan governed the empire's entire territory, that every male member of the dynastic family was hypothetically eligible to become sultan, and that only one person at a time could be the sultan.<ref>Çıpa, H. Erdem. The Making of Selim: Succession, Legitimacy, and Memory in the Early Modern Ottoman World. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2017. Page 29.</ref> Such rules were fairly standard for monarchic empires of the time. The certain processes through which men rose to the sultanate, however, were very specific to the Ottoman Empire. To go into greater detail about these processes, the history of succession between sultans can be divided into two eras: the period between the reign of [[Orhan]] (1323–1362), the first person to inherit the Ottoman sultanate, and the reign of [[Ahmed I]] (1603–1617); and the period following Ahmed I's reign.
[[File:Sultans of the Ottoman Dynasty.jpg|thumb|Sultans of the Ottoman dynasty.]]
[[File:Rukiye Sabiha Sultan wedding.jpg|thumb|[[Sabiha Sultan|Rukiye Sabiha Sultan]]'s wedding day in 1920, left to right: [[Ulviye Sultan|Fatma Ulviye Sultan]], [[Dürrüşehvar Sultan|Ayşe Hatice Hayriye Dürrüşehvar Sultan]], [[Nazikeda Kadın (wife of Mehmed VI)|Emine Nazikeda Kadınefendi]], Rukiye Sabiha Sultan, Mehmed Ertuğrul Efendi, [[Şehsuvar Hanım]]efendi.]]
The succession process during the first period was dominated by violence and intra-familial conflict, in which the various sons of the deceased sultan fought until only one remained alive and, thus, inherited the throne. This tradition was known as fratricide in the Ottoman Empire but may have evolved from [[tanistry]], a similar succession procedure that existed in many [[Turco-Mongolian|Turco-Mongolic]] dynasties predating the Ottomans.<ref>Fletcher, Joseph. Turco-Mongolian Monarchic Tradition in the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Ukrainian Research Institute, 1979. Pages 236–251.</ref> Sons of the sultan were often given provincial territories to govern until the sultan's death, at which point they would each vie for the throne.<ref>Tezcan, Baki. The Second Ottoman Empire: Political and Social Transformation in the Early Modern World. Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Page 46.</ref> Each son had to, according to historian H. Erdem Cipa, "demonstrate that his fortune was superior to the fortunes of his rivals", a demonstration that often took the form of military accomplishment and ruthlessness.<ref>Çıpa. The Making of Selim. Page 31.</ref> This violence was not considered particularly unexpected or unusual. As Cipa has noted, the Ottoman words for "successor" and "conflict" share the same Arabic root,<ref>Çıpa. The Making of Selim. Page 29.</ref> and indeed, all but one of the successions in this roughly 200-year period involved a resolution by combat.<ref>Peirce, Leslie P. The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Studies in Middle Eastern History. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. Page 21.</ref> Over time, the combat became increasingly prevalent and recognized, especially after a [[Janissary]] uprising negated [[Murad II]]'s attempt to abdicate the throne peacefully to his son, [[Mehmed II]], in 1444. During the eventual reign of Mehmed II (1451–1481), fratricide was legalized as an official practice; during the reign of [[Bayezid II]] (1481–1512), fratricide between Bayezid II's sons occurred before Bayezid II himself died;<ref>Tezcan. The Second Ottoman Empire. Page 46.</ref> and after the reign of [[Murad III]] (1574–1595), his successor [[Mehmed III]] executed 19 brothers to claim the throne.<ref>Çıpa. The Making of Selim. Page 30.</ref>

During the second period, the tradition of fratricide was replaced by a simpler and less violent procedure. Starting with the succession from Ahmed I to [[Mustafa I]] in 1617, the Ottoman throne was inherited by the eldest male blood relative – not necessarily the son – of the sultan, regardless of how many eligible family members were alive.<ref name="ReferenceA">Tezcan. The Second Ottoman Empire. Page 47.</ref> The change in succession procedure was likely instigated by numerous factors, including fratricide's decline in popularity among Ottoman elites<ref>Peirce. The Imperial Harem. Page 102.</ref> and Ahmed I's decision not to kill Mustafa when inheriting the throne from Mehmed III in 1603. With the door open for a policy change, a political debate arose between those who supported unrestricted sultanic privilege and those who supported a stronger, centralized law system that would supersede even the sultan's power to an extent. Historian Baki Tezcan has argued that the latter faction – with the help of the influential ''[[List of Sheikh-ul-Islams of the Ottoman Empire|şeyhülislam]]'' [[Hocazade Esad Efendi]] – was able to prevail in this instance.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> The bloodless succession from Ahmed I to Mustafa I in 1617 "provided a reference for the eventual stabilization of the rule of Ottoman succession, the very regulation of which by an outside force was in effect a constitutional check on the dynastic prerogative," Tezcan has written.<ref>Tezcan. The Second Ottoman Empire. Page 77.</ref> The precedent set in 1617 stuck, as the eldest living family member successfully inherited the throne in each of the following 21 successions, with relatively few instances of a son inheriting the throne.<ref>Peirce. The Imperial Harem. Page 22.</ref>

==Succession practices==
{{See also|War of succession#Ottoman Empire|List of wars of succession}}
From the fourteenth through the late sixteenth centuries, the Ottomans practiced open succession – something historian [[Donald Quataert]] has described as "[[survival of the fittest]], not [[Primogeniture|eldest]], son."{{sfn|Quataert|2005|p=90–91}} During their father's lifetime, all adult sons of the reigning [[Osmanoğlu family]]'s sultan were given provincial governorships in order to gain experience in administration (a practice commonly found in Central Asian tradition), accompanied and mentored by their retinues and tutors. Upon the death of their father, the reigning sultan, these sons would fight amongst themselves for the succession until one emerged triumphant. The first son to reach the capital and seize control of the court would usually become the new ruler.{{sfn|Quataert|2005|p=91}} The proximity of a Şehzade (Prince) to [[Constantinople]] improved his chances of success, simply because he could hear of his father's death, seize control of the Ottoman court in the capital, and declare himself sultan first.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} A sultan could thus hint at his preferred successor by giving a favourite son a closer governorship.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} [[Bayezid II]], for instance, had to fight his brother [[Cem Sultan]] in the 1480s for the right to rule.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}

Occasionally, the half-brothers would begin the struggle even before the death of their father. Under [[Suleiman the Magnificent]] (1520–1566), strife between his sons [[Şehzade Mustafa]] and Şehzade Selim (later [[Selim II]]) caused such internal turmoil that Suleiman ordered the deaths of both Şehzade Mustafa and another son, [[Şehzade Bayezid]], leaving Şehzade Selim the sole heir.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}

During the reigns of [[Suleiman the Magnificent|Suleiman I]] and [[Selim II]], the ''[[Haseki Sultan]]'' (Ottoman Turkish: خاصکى سلطان) or chief consort rose to greater prominence. Gaining power within the [[Imperial Harem]], the [[favourite]] was able to manoeuvre to ensure the succession for one of her sons. This led to a short period of effective [[primogeniture]]. However, unlike in the earlier period, when the sultan had already defeated his brothers and potential rivals for the throne in battle, these sultans had the problem of many half-brothers who could act as the focus for rival factions. Thus, to prevent attempts at seizing the throne, reigning sultans practiced [[fratricide]] upon accession, starting with [[Murad I]] in 1362.<ref>[[#Qua05|Quataert 2005]], p. 91</ref> Both [[Murad III]] and his son [[Mehmed III]] had their half-brothers murdered. The killing of all the new sultan's brothers and half-brothers (who were usually quite numerous) was traditionally done by manual strangling with a [[silk]] cord. As the centuries passed, the ritual killing was gradually replaced by lifetime solitary confinement in the "Golden Cage" or ''[[kafes]]'', a room in the harem from where the sultan's brothers could never escape, unless perchance they became heir presumptive. Some had already become mentally unstable by the time they were asked to reign.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}

Mehmed III was the last sultan to have previously held a provincial governorship. Sons now remained within the harem until the death of their father. This not only denied them the ability to form powerful factions capable of usurping their father but also denied them the opportunity to have children while their father remained alive. Thus, when Mehmet's son came to the throne as [[Ahmed I]], he had no children of his own. Moreover, as a minor, there was no evidence he could have children. This had the potential to create a crisis of succession and led to a gradual end to fratricide. Ahmed had some of his brothers killed, but not Mustafa (later [[Mustafa I]]). Similarly, [[Osman II]] allowed his half-brothers [[Murad IV]] and [[Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire|Ibrahim]] to live. This led to a shift in the 17th century from a system of primogeniture to one based on [[agnatic seniority]], in which the eldest male within the dynasty succeeded, also to guarantee adult sultans and prevent both fratricides as well as the [[sultanate of women]]. Thus, Mustafa succeeded his brother Ahmed; [[Suleiman II of the Ottoman Empire|Suleiman II]] and [[Ahmed II]] succeeded their brother [[Mehmed IV]] before being succeeded in turn by Mehmed's son [[Mustafa II]]. Agnatic seniority explains why from the 17th century onwards a deceased sultan was rarely succeeded by his son, but usually by an uncle or brother. It also meant that potential rulers had to wait a long time in the ''kafes'' before ascending the throne, hence the old age of certain sultans upon their enthronement.<ref>[[#Qua05|Quataert]], p. 92</ref> Although attempts were made in the 19th century to replace agnatic seniority with [[primogeniture]], they were unsuccessful, and seniority was retained until the abolition of the sultanate in 1922.<ref>[[#Kar05|Karateke 2005]], p. 37–54</ref>

== Chronology of sultans ==
{{Further|List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" border="1" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
!<small>The genealogy of the [[Ottoman Sultan]]s including [[List of mothers of the Ottoman sultans|their mothers]]</small>
|-
|
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | | | | | | | ERT |~|y|~| HAY |ERT=[[File:Kayi flag.png|30px]]<br />[[Süleyman Şah|'''Süleyman Şâh''']]<br />/ '''[[Gündüz Alp|Gündüz Âlp]]'''<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B5ATth-TXLHhXzZZTTE2bUphMTQ/preview |title=Osmanlı Beyliği'nin Kurucusu Osman Beg |first=Halil |last=İnalcık |author-link=Halil İnalcık |pages=487–490|journal=[[Belleten]] |location=Ankara |year=2007 |number=261}}</ref><br />( [[?]]–1227)
|HAY='''?'''}} 
{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|'| }}
{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | | | | | | | ERT |~|y|~| HAY | ERT=[[File:Kayi flag.png|30px]]<br />'''[[Ertuğrul Gazi]]'''<ref name="ERTUĞRUL">[https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ertugrul-gazi ''Diyanet İslâm Ansiklopedisi,'' vol: 11, pages: 314-315, 1995.]</ref><br />[[File:Ertugrul-gazi-1.jpg|75px]] <br />'''أرطغرل غازی'''<br />(1227–1281)|HAY=Unknown<ref name="Lowry">{{cite book|author=Heath W. Lowry|title=The Nature of the Early Ottoman State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=31j8T6XoigYC&pg=PA153|date=2003|publisher=SUNY Press|place=Albany|isbn=978-0-7914-8726-6|page=153}}</ref>}}

{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|'| }}
{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | | | | | | | OSM1 |~|y|~| MAL | OSM1=[[File:Kayi-tribe.png|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]]<br /> 1.<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Halil İnalcık|İnalcık, Halil]]|title=OSMAN I|url=https://cdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/33/C33010977.pdf|volume=33|date=2007|publisher=[[Diyanet|TDV]] [[İslâm Ansiklopedisi]]|place=[[Istanbul]]|isbn= 978-9-7538-9590-3|pages=443–453}}</ref><br />'''[[Osman Gazi]]'''<ref name="I.OSMAN">[https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/osman-i ''Diyanet İslâm Ansiklopedisi,'' vol: 33, pages: 443-453, 2007.]</ref><br />[[File:Osman Gazi.jpg|75px]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093426/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey2.htm '''<br />عثمان غازى<br />''']<small>[http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/01index.html 1281-1326]</small>
|MAL='''[[Malhun Hatun]]''' ''(unclear)''<br />[[File:Mal hatun, eskişehir.jpg|90px]] }}
{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|'| }}
{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | | | | | | | ORH |~|y|~| NIL | ORH=[[File:Fictitious Ottoman flag 1.svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]]<br /> 2.<br />'''[[Orhan Gazi]]'''<br />[[File:Orhan I.jpg|75px]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093426/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey2.htm '''<br />اورخان غازی<br />''']<small>[http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/02index.html 1326-1359]</small> 
|NIL='''[[Nilüfer Hatun]]'''}}
{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|'| }}
{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | | | | | | | MUR1 |~|y|~| GULC | MUR1=[[File:Fictitious Ottoman flag 1.svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]]<br /> 3.<br />[[I. Murad|'''Murad I''']]<br />[[File:Muradhudavendigar.jpg|75px]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093426/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey2.htm '''<br />مراد اول خداوندگار<br />''']<small>[http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/03index.html 1359-1389]</small> 
|GULC='''[[Gülçiçek Hatun|Gül-Çiçek Hatun]]'''}}
{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|'| }}
{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | | | | | | | BAY1 |~|y|~| DEV | BAY1=[[File:Fictitious Ottoman flag 1.svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]]<br /> 4.<br />'''[[Bayezid I]]'''<br />[[File:Sultan Gazi Yıldırım Bayezid Han - السلطان الغازي يلدرم بايزيد خان.jpg|75px]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093426/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey2.htm '''<br />ییلدیرم بايزيد الأول<br />''']<small>[http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/04index.html 1389-1403]</small> 
|DEV='''[[Devlet Hatun]]'''}}
{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|'| }}
{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | | | | | | | MEH1 |~|y|~| EMI | MEH1=[[File:Fictitious Ottoman flag 1.svg|30px]] 
[[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]]<br /> 5.<br />'''[[Mehmed I]]'''<br />[[File:Mehmed I.jpg|75px]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey3.htm '''<br />چلبی محمد<br />''']<small>[http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/05index.html 1413-1421]</small>|EMI='''[[Emine Hatun|Emine <br /> Valide Hatun]]'''}}
{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|'| }}
{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | | | | | | | MUR2 |~|y|~| HUM | MUR2=[[File:Fictitious Ottoman flag 1.svg|30px]] 
[[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]]<br /> 6.<br />'''[[Murad II]]'''<br />[[File:Murat II.jpg|75px|Murad II]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey3.htm '''<br />مراد ثانى<br />''']<small>[http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/06index.html 1421-1451]</small>|HUM='''[[Hüma Hatun|Hadice Âlime<br />Hümâ <br /> Valide Hatun]]'''}}
{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|'| }}
{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | | | | | | | MEH2 |~|y|~| MUK | MEH2=[[File:Fictitious Ottoman flag 2.svg|30px]] 
[[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]]<br /> 7.<br />'''[[Mehmed the Conqueror|Mehmed II]]'''<br />[[File:Fatih Sultan Mehmed Han - السلطان محمد خان الفاتح.jpg|75px|II. Mehmet]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey3.htm '''<br />محمد الثانى الفاتح<br />''']<small>[http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/07index.html 1451-1481]</small>|MUK='''[[Gülbahar Hatun (wife of Mehmed II)|Emîne <br />Gül-Bahar <br />Valide Hatun]]'''<br />''<small>(Own mother)</small>''<ref name="Gül-Bahar1">{{cite book|author=[[:tr:Necdet Sakaoğlu|Sakaoğlu, Necdet]]|title=Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6WUMAQAAMAAJ&q=g%C3%BClbahar|publisher=Oğlak Yayıncılık|year=2008|pages=112|isbn=978-9-753-29623-6}}.</ref><ref name="Gül-Bahar">{{cite book|author=[[:tr:Necdet Sakaoğlu|Sakaoğlu, Necdet]]|title=Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6WUMAQAAMAAJ&q=yavuz+selim|publisher=Oğlak Yayıncılık|year=2008|pages=136|isbn=978-9-753-29623-6}}.</ref> <br />& <br />'''[[Sitti Mükrime Hatun|Sitt-î<br />Mükrîme Hatun]]'''<br />''<small>(Stepmother)</small>''<ref name="Sittî">{{cite book|author=[[:tr:Necdet Sakaoğlu|Sakaoğlu, Necdet]]|title=Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6WUMAQAAMAAJ&q=sitt%C3%AE+h%C3%A2tun|publisher=Oğlak Yayıncılık|year=2008|pages=113–117|isbn=978-9-753-29623-6}}.</ref>}}
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{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | | | | | | | BAY2 |~|y|~| GULB | BAY2=[[File:Fictitious Ottoman flag 2.svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]]<br /> 8.<br />'''[[Bayezid II]]'''<br />[[File:Sultan Gazi Bayezid Han II - السلطان الغازي بايزيد خان الثاني.jpg|75px|Beyazid II]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey4.htm '''<br />بايزيد ثانى<br />''']<small>[http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/08index.html 1481-1512]</small>|GULB=[[Gülbahar Hatun (wife of Bayezid II)|'''Gül-Bahar Hatun''']] <br />''<small>(Own mother)</small>''<ref name="Gül-Bahar2">{{cite book|author=[[:tr:Necdet Sakaoğlu|Sakaoğlu, Necdet]]|title=Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6WUMAQAAMAAJ&q=g%C3%BClbahar|publisher=Oğlak Yayıncılık|year=2008|pages=135–136|isbn=978-9-753-29623-6}} (It is disputed that the names of ''Âişe'' and ''Gül-Bahar'' belong to two different persons or they designate two different names for the own mother of [[Selim I|Yavuz Sultan Selim]].)</ref> <br />& <br />'''[[Ayşe Hatun I|Ayşe Hatun]]'''<br />''<small>(Stepmother)</small>''<ref name="Âişe">{{cite book|author=[[:tr:Necdet Sakaoğlu|Sakaoğlu, Necdet]]|title=Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6WUMAQAAMAAJ&q=%C3%82i%C5%9Fe+h%C3%A2tun|publisher=Oğlak Yayıncılık|year=2008|pages=136|isbn=978-9-753-29623-6}} (The name of the own mother of [[Selim I|Yavuz Sultan Selim]] is registered as ''Âişe Hâtûn'' from The [[Beylik of Dulkadir]] in ''İzahlı Osmanlı Tarihi Kronolojisi of [[:tr:İsmail Hami Danişmend|İsmail Hami Danişmend]]'').</ref><ref name="Alaüddevle">[https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/selim-i ''Diyanet İslâm Ansiklopedisi,''] vol: 36, pages: 407-414, 2009 (Âişe Hâtûn is the daughter of [[Bozkurt of Dulkadir|Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey]] from [[Dulkadiroğulları]]. (Although her name was indicated as ''Gül-Bahar bint-i Abdü's-Samed'' in some sources, it can easily be understood that this is not true.)</ref>}}
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{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | | | | | | | SEL1 |~|y|~| HAF | SEL1=[[File:Flag of Ottoman Empire (1517-1793).svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]]<br /> 9.<br />'''[[Selim I]]'''<br />[[File:Yavuz Sultan Gazi Selim Han - السلطان الغازي ياووز سليم خان.jpg|75px|Yavuz]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey4.htm '''<br />سليم الأول<br />''']<small>[http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/09index.html 1512-1520]</small>
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[[File:Star and Crescent.svg|30px]]<br />[[File:Nakkaş Selim.jpg|75px|Yavuz]]<br />[https://web.archive.org/web/20060426190057/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey.htm '''<small>The First<br />Ottoman Caliph</small>''']<br />(1517-1520)|HAF='''[[Hafsa Sultan|Hafîze<br />''(Ayşe Hafsa)''<br /> Vâlide Sultân]]''' <br /> [[File:BustOfAyseHafsaSultan ManisaTurkey.jpg|70px|A'ishā Hafîzā]]}}
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{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | | | | | | | SUL1 |~|y|~| HUR | SUL1=[[File:Flag of Ottoman Empire (1517-1793).svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|30px]]<br /> 10.<br />'''[[Suleiman the Magnificent|Suleiman I]]'''<br />[[File:Kanuni Sultan Suleiman Han - السلطان الغازي سليمان القانوني.jpg|75px|Suleiman I]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey4.htm '''<br />القانونى‎ سليمان<br />''']<small>[http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/10index.html 1520-1566]</small>|HUR='''[[Hürrem Sultan|Hürrem <br />Haseki Sultân]]'''<br />[[File:Khourrem.jpg|75px|Hürem sultan]]<br /><small>'''[https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey4.htm خرم سلطان<br />]'''</small>}}
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{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | | | | | | | SEL2 |~|y|~| AFI | SEL2=[[File:Flag of Ottoman Empire (1517-1793).svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]][[File:Star and Crescent.svg|29px]]<br /> 11.<br />'''[[Selim II]]'''<br />[[File:Selim II.jpg|75px|SelimII]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey5.htm '''<br />سليم ثانى<br />''']<small>[http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/11index.html 1566-1574]</small>|AFI='''[[Nurbanu Sultan|Afîfe Nûr-Banû<br />Vâlide Sultân]]'''}}
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{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | | | | | | | MUR3 |~|y|~| SAF | MUR3=[[File:Flag of Ottoman Empire (1517-1793).svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]][[File:Star and Crescent.svg|29px]]<br /> 12.<br />'''[[Murad III]]'''<br />[[File:Sultan Murad III.jpeg|75px|Murad III]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey5.htm '''<br />مراد ثالث<br />''']<small>[http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/12index.html 1574-1595]</small>|SAF='''[[Safiye Sultan (wife of Murad III)|Sâfiye <br />Vâlide Sultân]]<br/>[[File:Safiye sultan l.jpg|75px]]'''}}
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{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | HAN |~|y|~| MEH3 |~|y|~| HAL | MEH3=[[File:Flag of Ottoman Empire (1517-1793).svg|30px]]
[[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|29px]]<br /> 13.<br />'''[[Mehmed III]]'''<br />[[File:Mehmed III.jpg|75px|III. Mehmet]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey5.htm '''<br />محمد ثالث<br />''']<small>[http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/13index.html 1595-1603]</small>|HAN='''[[Handan Sultan|Handan <br />Vâlide Sultân]]'''|HAL='''[[Halime Sultan|Hâlime /<br />Fûl-Dâne<br />Vâlide Sultân]]'''<br /><ref name="I.Mustafa'nın ÖzAnnesi">{{cite book|author=[[:tr:Necdet Sakaoğlu|Sakaoğlu, Necdet]]|title=Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6WUMAQAAMAAJ&q=I.+Mustafa%27nin+annesi|publisher=Oğlak Yayıncılık|year=2008|pages=221|isbn=978-9-753-29623-6}}</ref>}}
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{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | MAHF |~|y|~| AHM1 |~|y|~| MAHP | | | | | | MUS1 |MAHF='''[[Mahfiruz Hadice Sultan|Mâhirûze Hadice<br />Vâlide Sultân<br />ماہ فروز خاتون]]'''<ref name="Mâhirûze">{{cite book|author=[[:tr:Necdet Sakaoğlu|Sakaoğlu, Necdet]]|title=Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6WUMAQAAMAAJ&q=II.+Osman+|publisher=Oğlak Yayıncılık|year=2008|pages=238|isbn=978-9-753-29623-6}}. (The name of ''Mâh-i Rûze'' in [[Persian language|Persian]] is composed of ''Mâh=Moon'' and ''Rûz=Day.'')</ref><ref name="Mâhpeyker">{{cite book|author=[[:tr:Necdet Sakaoğlu|Sakaoğlu, Necdet]]|title=Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6WUMAQAAMAAJ&q=K%C3%B6sem|publisher=Oğlak Yayıncılık|year=2008|pages=224|isbn=978-9-753-29623-6}}. (The name of ''Mâh-Peyker'' in [[Persian language|Persian]] is composed of ''Mâh=Moon'' and ''Peyker=Face/Countenance.'' It means ''Moon-Faced.'')</ref> |AHM1=[[File:Flag of Ottoman Empire (1517-1793).svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]][[File:Star and Crescent.svg|28px]]<br /> 14.<br />'''[[Ahmed I]]'''<br />[[File:Ahmed I by John Young.jpg|75px]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey5.htm '''<br />احمد اول<br />''']<small>[http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/14index.html 1603-1617]</small>|MAHP='''[[Kösem Sultan|Mâh-Peyker<br />Kösem<br />Vâlide Sultân]]'''<ref name="Mâhpeyker"/><br />[[File:Köszem szultána.jpg|85px|Kösem]]<br />'''كوسم سلطان'''|MUS1=[[File:Flag of Ottoman Empire (1517-1793).svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|28px]]<br /> 15.<br />'''[[Mustafa I]]'''<br />[[File:Mustafa I portrait.jpg|75px]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey6.htm '''<br />مصطفى اول<br />''']<small>[http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/15index.html 1617-1618<br />1622-1623]</small>}}
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{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | OSM2 | | | | MUR4 | | | | OSM2=[[File:Flag of Ottoman Empire (1517-1793).svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]][[File:Star and Crescent.svg|28px]]<br /> 16.<br />'''[[Osman II]]'''<br />[[File:Osman 2.jpg|75px]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey6.htm '''<br />عثمان ثانى<br />''']<small>[http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/16index.html 1618-1622]</small>|MUR4=[[File:Flag of Ottoman Empire (1517-1793).svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|28px]]<br /> 17.<br />'''[[Murad IV]]'''<br />[[File:Murad IV.jpg|75px]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey6.htm '''<br />مراد رابع<br />''']<small>[http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/17index.html 1623-1640]</small>| TUR |y| IBR |y| SAL |!| HAT | TUR='''[[Turhan Hatice|Turhan Hatice<br />Vâlide Sultân]]'''<br />[[File:Turhan Sultan.jpg|70px|Turhan]]<br />تورخان سلطان‎|IBR=[[File:Flag of Ottoman Empire (1517-1793).svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|28px]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|28px]]<br /> 18.<br />[[Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire|'''Ibrahim''']]<br />[[File:Sultan Ibrahim I 2.jpg|75px]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey6.htm '''<br />ابراهيم اول<br />''']<small>[http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/18index.html 1640-1648]</small>|SAL='''[[Saliha Dilaşub Sultan|Sâliha <br />Dil-Âşûb <br />Vâlide Sultân<br />صالحه دل اشوب سلطان]]'''<br /><ref name="II.Süleyman">{{cite book|author=[[:tr:Necdet Sakaoğlu|Sakaoğlu, Necdet]]|title=Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6WUMAQAAMAAJ&q=dila%C5%9Fub+II.++Suleyman|publisher=Oğlak Yayıncılık|year=2008|pages=280|isbn=978-9-753-29623-6}}.</ref><ref name="dilaşub">{{cite book|author=[[:tr:Necdet Sakaoğlu|Sakaoğlu, Necdet]]|title=Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6WUMAQAAMAAJ&q=dila%C5%9Fub|publisher=Oğlak Yayıncılık|year=2008|pages=253–254|isbn=978-9-753-29623-6}}.</ref>| HAT='''[[Hatice Muazzez Sultan|Hatice Mû'azzez<br />Second Haseki<br />Sultân<br />معزز سلطان]]'''}} 
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{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | | | | | | | | | | | EME |y| MEH4 | | SUL2| | AHM2 | EME='''[[Emetullah Rabia Gülnuş Sultan|Meh-Pâre<br />Ummetullah <br />''(Emetullah)''<br />Râbi'a Gül-Nûş<br /> Vâlide Sultân]]'''<ref name="Gül-Nûş">[https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/gulnus-emetullah-sultan ''Diyanet İslâm Ansiklopedisi,'' vol: 14, pages: 248-249, 1996.] (The name of ''Meh-Pâre'' in [[Persian language|Persian]] is composed of ''Meh=Moon'' and ''Pâre=Piece.'' It means ''Piece of Moon''.)</ref><br />[[File:Portrait of Rabia Gülnuş.jpg|80px|Râbi'a Gül-Nûsh]]<br />'''رابعه کلنوش سلطان‎'''|MEH4=[[File:Flag of Ottoman Empire (1517-1793).svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|27px]]<br /> 19.<br />'''[[Mehmed IV]]'''<br />[[File:Mehmed IV.jpg|75px|IV. Mehmet]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey6.htm '''<br />محمد رابع<br />''']<small>[http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/19index.html 1648-1687]<br />'''[[Çınar incident|Vak'a-i Vakvakiye]]:'''<br />26 February 1656</small>|SUL2=[[File:Flag of Ottoman Empire (1517-1793).svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|27px]]<br /> 20.<br />'''[[Suleiman II of the Ottoman Empire|Suleiman II]]'''[[File:Süleyman II.jpg|75px|II. Süleyman]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey6.htm '''<br />سليمان ثانى<br />''']<small>[http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/20index.html 1687-1691]<br /></small>|AHM2=[[File:Flag of Ottoman Empire (1517-1793).svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|27px]]<br /> 21.<br />'''[[Ahmed II]]'''<br/>[[File:Ahmet II.jpg|75px|II. Ahmet]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey6.htm '''<br />احمد ثانى<br />''']<small>[http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/21index.html 1691-1695]</small>}}
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{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| SAL |y| MUS2 |y| SEH | SAL='''[[Saliha Sultan (wife of Mustafa II)|Sâliha Sebkat-î <br />Vâlide Sultân<br />صالحه سلطان]]'''<ref name="Sâliha">[https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saliha-sultan ''Diyanet İslâm Ansiklopedisi,'' vol: 36, pages: 45, 2009]</ref><ref name="I.Mahmud">{{cite book|author=[[:tr:Necdet Sakaoğlu|Sakaoğlu, Necdet]]|title=Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6WUMAQAAMAAJ&q=I.+Mahmud|publisher=Oğlak Yayıncılık|year=2008|pages=326|isbn=978-9-753-29623-6}}.</ref><ref name="Azapkapı">{{cite book|author=[[:tr:Necdet Sakaoğlu|Sakaoğlu, Necdet]]|title=Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6WUMAQAAMAAJ&q=saliha|publisher=Oğlak Yayıncılık|year=2008|pages=286|isbn=978-9-753-29623-6}}. She is the daughter of a poor family in [[:tr:Azapkapı|Azapkapı]] in [[Istanbul]].</ref>|MUS2=[[File:Flag of Ottoman Empire (1517-1793).svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|26px]]<br /> 22.<br />'''[[Mustafa II]]'''<br />[[File:Mustafa2.jpg|75px]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey7.htm '''<br />مصطفى ثانى<br />''']<small>[http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/22index.html 1695-1703]<br />'''[[Edirne event|Edirne Vak'ası]]:'''<br />15 July 1703 -<br />22 August 1703</small>|SEH='''[[Şehsuvar Sultan|Şâh-Süvar <br />Vâlide Sultân<br />شھسوار سلطان]]'''| | | MIH |~|~|y|~|~| AHM3 |~|~|y|~|~| RAB |MIH='''[[Mihrişah Kadın|Emine <br />Mihr-î-Şâh <br />Second<br /> Kadın Efendi<br />امینه مھرشاہ قادین]]'''|AHM3=[[File:Flag of Ottoman Empire (1517-1793).svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]][[File:Star and Crescent.svg|25px]]<br /> 23.<br />'''[[Ahmed III]]'''<br />[[File:III. Ahmet.jpg|75px|III. Ahmet]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey7.htm '''<br />احمد ثالث<br />''']<small>[http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/23index.html 1703-1730]<br />'''[[Patrona Halil Rebellion|Patrona Halil<br />Rebellion]]:'''<br />28 September 1730</small>
|RAB='''[[Rabia Sermi Sultan|Râbi'a Şerm-î<br />Kadın Efendi<br />رابعہ شرمی قادین]]'''}}
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{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | MAH1 | | OSM3 | | | MAH1=[[File:Flag of Ottoman Empire (1517-1793).svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|24px]]<br /> 24.<br />'''[[Mahmud I]]'''<br />[[File:Mahmud1.jpg|75px|Sultán Mahmud I.]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey8.htm '''<br />محمود اول<br />''']<small>[http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/24index.html 1730-1754]</small>|OSM3=[[File:Flag of Ottoman Empire (1517-1793).svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|24px]]<br /> 25.<br />'''[[Osman III]]'''<br />[[File:Osman III.jpg|75px]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey8.htm '''<br />عثمان ثالث<br />''']<small>[http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/25index.html 1754-1757]</small>| | | MIH |y| MUS3 | | NUK |y| AbdHam1 |y| NAK | MIH='''[[Mihrişah Valide Sultan|Mihr-î-Şâh<br />Vâlide Sultân<br />مھرشاہ سلطان]]'''|MUS3=[[File:Flag of Ottoman Empire (1517-1793).svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|25px]]<br /> 26.<br />'''[[Mustafa III]]'''<br />[[File:Mustafa3.jpg |75px|III. Mustafa (Levni)]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey8.htm '''<br />مصطفى ثالث<br />'''] [http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/26index.html <small>1757-1774</small>]|NUK='''[[Ayşe Seniyeperver Sultan|Ayşe<br />Sine-Pervar<br />''(Seniyeperver)''<br />Vâlide Sultân<br />عایشه سینه پرور سلطان]]'''<br /><ref name="Sine-Pervar">{{cite book|author=[[:tr:Necdet Sakaoğlu|Sakaoğlu, Necdet]]|title=Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6WUMAQAAMAAJ&q=IV.+Mustafa|publisher=Oğlak Yayıncılık|year=2008|pages=380|isbn=978-9-753-29623-6}}.</ref>
|AbdHam1=[[File:Flag of Ottoman Empire (1517-1793).svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|25px]]<br /> 27.<br />'''[[Abdul Hamid I]]'''<br />[[File:Portrait of Abdülhamid I of the Ottoman Empire.jpg|90px|'''Sultan I. Abdülhamit''']][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey8.htm '''<br />عبد الحميد اول<br />'''] [http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/27index.html <small>1774-1789</small>]|NAK='''[[Nakşidil Sultan|Nakş-î-Dil<br />Vâlide Sultân<br /> نقش دل سلطان]]'''<br /><ref name="NAKŞİDİL">[https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/naksidil-sultan ''Diyanet İslâm Ansiklopedisi,'' vol: 32, pages: 343-344, 2006.] ''(She is of [[Peoples of the Caucasus|Caucasusian descent]]. It is untrue that she was from [[French royal family]] and her name was not [[Aimée du Buc de Rivéry]].)''</ref><ref name="Nakşî-Dil">{{cite book|author=[[:tr:Necdet Sakaoğlu|Sakaoğlu, Necdet]]|title=Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6WUMAQAAMAAJ&q=rivery|publisher=Oğlak Yayıncılık|year=2008|pages=356|isbn=978-9-753-29623-6}} (Marthe Aimée du Buc de Rivéry.)</ref><ref name="Çerkes-Nakşî-Dil">{{cite book|author=[[:tr:Necdet Sakaoğlu|Sakaoğlu, Necdet]]|title=Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6WUMAQAAMAAJ&q=nak%C5%9F%C4%B1dil++%C3%87erkes|publisher=Oğlak Yayıncılık|year=2008|pages=355|isbn=978-9-753-29623-6}} (Nakşîdil Sultan was of [[Circassians|Circassian]] descent).</ref><ref name="Gürcü-Nakşî-Dil">{{cite book|author=[[:tr:Necdet Sakaoğlu|Sakaoğlu, Necdet]]|title=Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6WUMAQAAMAAJ&q=nak%C5%9F%C4%B1dil|publisher=Oğlak Yayıncılık|year=2008|pages=356|isbn=978-9-753-29623-6}} (Nakşîdil Sultan was of [[Georgians|Georgian]] descent).</ref><br />[[File:Nakşidil.JPG|90px]]}}
{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|'| | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | }}
{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | |!| | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|'| | | |!| | }}
{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|'| | }}
{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | SEL3 | | | | MUS4 | | | | | BEZ |~|y|~| MAH2 |~|y|~| PER | SEL3=[[File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (eight pointed star) cropped.png|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|26px]]<br /> 28.<br />'''[[Selim III]]'''<br />[[File:Konstantin Kapidagli 002.jpg|75px|III. Selim]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey8.htm '''<br />سليم ثالث<br />'''] [http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/28index.html <small>1789-1807</small>]<br /><small>'''[[Kabakçı Mustafa|Kabakçı Mustafa<br />İsyanı]]:'''<br />25 May 1807</small>|MUS4=[[File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (eight pointed star) cropped.png|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|26px]]<br /> 29.<br />'''[[Mustafa IV]]'''<br />[[File:IV. Mustafa (cropped).jpg|75px]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey9.htm '''<br />مصطفى رابع<br />'''] [http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/29index.html <small>1807-1808</small>]|BEZ='''[[Bezmiâlem Sultan|Bezm-î Âlem<br />Vâlide Sultân]]'''|MAH2=[[File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (eight pointed star) cropped.png|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|26px]]<br /> 30.<br />'''[[Mahmud II]]'''<br />[[File:Sultan Mahmud II of the Ottoman Empire.jpg|75px]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey9.htm '''<br />محمود ثانى<br />'''] [http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/30index.html <small>1808-1839</small>]<br /><small>'''[[Vaka-i Hayriye|Vak'a-i Hayriye]]:'''<br />16 June 1826</small>|PER='''[[Pertevniyal|Pertav-Nihâl<br />''(Pertevniyâl)''<br />Vâlide Sultân]]'''}}
{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|'| | | | | |!| | }}
{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| |F|~|y|~|~|~|~|7|!|F|~|~|~|~|y|~|7| | | | | | | |!| }}
{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| SEV |!| TIR |y| AbdMec1 |y| GULC |!| GULI | | | | | | AbdAzi|y| HAY | SEV='''[[Şevkefza Sultan|Şevk-Efzâ<br />Vâlide Sultân]]'''<br />[[File:Şevk-efza Valide Sultan Hazretleri.JPG|70px]]|TIR='''[[Tirimüjgan Sultan|Tîr-î-Müjgan<br />Third<br />Kadın Efendi]]'''<br />''<small>(Own mother)</small>''<br /> & <br />'''[[Rahime Perestu|Rahîme Pîristû <br />Vâlide Sultân]]'''<br />''<small>(Adoptive mother)</small>''
|AbdMec1=[[File:Ottoman Flag.svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]][[File:Star and Crescent.svg|27px]]<br /> 31.<br />'''[[Abdulmejid I]]'''<br />[[File:Sultan Abdülmecid - Google Art Project.jpg|75px]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey10.htm '''<br />عبد المجيد اول<br />'''] [http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/31index.html <small>1839-1861</small>]|GULC='''[[Gülcemal Kadın Efendi|Gül-Cemâl<br />Fourth<br />Kadın Efendi]]'''|GULI= '''[[Gülüstü Kadın Efendi|Gül-İstü <br />''(Gülistan Münire)'' <br />Forrth<br />Kadın Efendi]]''' 
<br />[[File:Gülistu Kadınefendi (2).jpg|70px]]||HAY='''[[Hayranıdil Kadınefendi|Hayrân-î-Dil<br />Kadın Efendi]]'''|AbdAzi=[[File:Ottoman Flag.svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|27px]]<br /> 32.<br />'''[[Abdulaziz]]'''<br />[[File:Sultan Abdulaziz I.JPG|75px]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey11.htm '''<br />عبد العزيز<br />'''][http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/32index.html <small>1861-1876</small>]}}
{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree|boxstyle=background:#F5FFFA;| | | MUR5 | | AbdHam2 | | MEH5 | | MEH6 | | | | | | | | | |AbdMec2 | | | MUR5=[[File:Ottoman Flag.svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|27px]]<br /> 33.<br />'''[[Murad V]]'''<br />[[File:Portrait of Murad V.jpg|75px|V. Murat]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey12.htm '''<br />مراد خامس<br />''']  [http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/33index.html <small>1876</small>]|AbdHam2=[[File:Ottoman Flag.svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|28px]]<br /> 34.<br />'''[[Abdul Hamid II]]'''<br />[[File:Ahamid.jpg|75px|II. Abdülhamid]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060502150908/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey13.htm '''<br />عبد الحميد ثانی<br />''']  [http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/34index.html <small>31 August 1876 -<br /> 27 Nisan 1909</small>]<br /><small>'''[[:tr:Birinci Meşrutiyet|First Meşrûtiyyet]]:'''<br />23 November 1876 -<br />13 February 1878<br />'''[[İkinci Meşrutiyet|Second Meşrûtiyyet]]:'''<br />3 July 1908<br />'''[[31 Mart Vakası|31 March Vak'ası]]:'''<br />13 April 1909</small>|MEH5=[[File:Ottoman Flag.svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|28px]]<br /> 35.<br />'''[[Mehmed V]]'''<br />[[File:Portrait of Sultan Mehmed V.jpg|75px|V. Mehmed]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey14.htm '''<br />محمد خامس<br />'''][http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/35index.html <small>1909-1918</small>]<br /><small>'''[[Çanakkale Savaşı]]:'''<br /> 18 March 1915</small>|MEH6=[[File:Ottoman Flag.svg|30px]] [[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|20px]][[File:Star and Crescent.svg|28px]]<br /> 36.<br />'''[[Mehmed VI]]'''<br />[[File:Sultan Mehmed VI of the Ottoman Empire.jpg|75px|VI. Mehmed Vahdettin]][https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey14.htm '''<br />محمد سادس<br />''']  [http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/padisahlar/36index.html <small>4 July 1918 -<br /> 18 November 1922</small>]<br /><small>'''[[Moudros]] [[Mudros armistice|armistice]]:'''<br />30 October 1918</small><br /><small>'''[[Istanbul]]'s<br />[[Occupation of Istanbul|Occupation]]:'''<br />13 November 1918<br />'''[[Treaty of Sèvres]]:'''<br />10 August 1920<br />'''[[Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate|Abolition]] of the<br />[[Ottoman Sultanate]]:'''<br />1 November 1922</small>| |AbdMec2=[[File:Star and Crescent.svg|29px]] [[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|35px]]<br />'''[[Abdulmejid II]]'''<br />[[File:Abdulmecid efendi.jpg|75px|II. Abdülmecit]]<br /> [https://web.archive.org/web/20060615093437/www.4dw.net/royalark/Turkey/turkey15.htm '''عبد المجيد الثانى''']<br /><small>18 November 1922 -<br />'''[[Ottoman Caliphate|Caliphate]]'s [[Abolition of the Caliphate|Abolition]]:'''<br />3 March 1924</small>}}
{{familytree/end}}
{{tree chart/end}}
{{col-break}}
[[File:Imperial standard of the Ottoman Sultan.svg|thumb|Ottoman Imperial Standard, Late 19th and early 20th Century.]]

==List of heirs since 1922==
{{Main|Osmanoğlu family}}

The Ottoman dynasty was expelled from Turkey in 1924 and most members took on the surname [[Osmanoğlu family|Osmanoğlu]], meaning "son of [[Osman I|Osman]]." The female members of the dynasty were allowed to return after 1951,<ref name="exile">{{cite book |author=Brookes, Douglas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HuZTefumFSQC&pg=PT295 |title=The Concubine, the Princess, and the Teacher: Voices from the Ottoman Harem |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-292-78335-5 |pages=278, 285}}</ref> and the male members after 1973.<ref name=heirs /> Below is a list of people who would have been heirs to the Ottoman throne following the [[Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate|abolition of the sultanate]] on 1 November 1922.<ref name=heirs>{{cite book | author= Opfell, Olga | pages=146, 151 |title = Royalty who wait: the 21 heads of formerly regnant houses of Europe | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9UFveIUgktIC&pg=PA239| year=2001 |publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-5057-2}}</ref> These people have not necessarily made any claim to the throne; for example, [[Ertuğrul Osman]] said "Democracy works well in Turkey."<ref name=NYT />
[[File:Ömer Faruk Efendi ve Sabiha Sultan.webp|thumb|Ottoman family members including [[Şehzade Ömer Faruk]] and [[Sabiha Sultan]].]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Name
! Title
! Claim
! Period
! Duration
|-
| [[Mehmed VI]]
| Last Ottoman Sultan and Caliph (1918–1922)<br>36th Head of the House of Osman (1922–1926)<ref name=heirs /> 
| Son of Sultan [[Abdulmejid I]], grandson of Sultan [[Mahmud II]], younger brother of [[Murad V]], [[Abdul Hamid II]] and [[Mehmed V]].
| 4 July 1918 – 16 May 1926<br>(including reign as Sultan)
| {{Ayd|1918|7|4|1926|5|16}}
|-
| [[Abdulmejid II]]
| Last Ottoman Caliph (1922–1924)<br>37th Head of the House of Osman following Mehmed VI's death (1926–1944)
| First cousin of Mehmed VI, son of Sultan [[Abdülaziz]].<ref name=heirs /> 
| 16 May 1926 – 23 August 1944 
| {{Ayd|1926|5|16|1944|8|23}}
|-
| [[Ahmed Nihad]]
| 38th Head of the House of Osman (1944–1954)
| First cousin twice removed of [[Abdulmejid II]], grandson of Sultan [[Murad V]].<ref name=heirs /> 
| 23 August 1944 – 4 June 1954 
| {{Ayd|1944|8|23|1954|6|4}}
|-
| [[Osman Fuad]]
| 39th Head of the House of Osman (1954–1973)
| Younger half-brother of Ahmed Nihad, grandson of Sultan [[Murad V]].<ref name=heirs /> 
| 4 June 1954 – 19 May 1973 
| {{Ayd|1954|6|4|1973|5|19}}
|-
| [[Mehmed Abdulaziz]]
| 40th Head of the House of Osman (1973–1977)
| Second cousin twice removed of Osman Fuad, grandson of Sultan [[Abdülaziz]].<ref name=heirs /> 
| 19 May 1973 – 19 January 1977
| {{Ayd|1973|5|19|1977|1|19}}
|-
| [[Ali Vâsib]]
| 41st Head of the House of Osman (1977–1983)
| Second cousin twice removed of Mehmed Abdulaziz, great-grandson of Sultan [[Murad V]].<ref name=heirs /> 
| 19 January 1977 – 9 December 1983
| {{Ayd|1977|1|19|1983|12|9}}
|-
| [[Mehmed Orhan]]
| 42nd Head of the House of Osman (1983–1994)
| Second cousin once removed of Ali Vâsib, grandson of Sultan [[Abdul Hamid II]].<ref name="Oldest Ottoman to come home at last">Pope, Hugh. "[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/oldest-ottoman-to-come-home-at-last-1534796.h––tml Oldest Ottoman to come home at last]", ''[[The Independent]]'' (22 July 1992).</ref>
| 9 December 1983 – 12 March 1994
| {{Ayd|1983|12|9|1994|3|12}}
|-
| [[Ertuğrul Osman]]
| 43rd Head of the House of Osman (1994–2009)
| First cousin of Mehmed Orhan, grandson of Sultan [[Abdul Hamid II]].<ref name=NYT>Bernstein, Fred. “[https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/24/nyregion/24osman.html?_r=2 Ertugrul Osman, Link to Ottoman Dynasty, Dies at 97]”, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (24 September 2009).</ref>
| 12 March 1994 – 23 September 2009
| {{Ayd|1994|3|12|2009|9|23}}
|-
| [[Bayezid Osman]]
| 44th Head of the House of Osman (2009–2017)
| Second cousin of Ertuğrul Osman, great-grandson of Sultan [[Mehmed V]].<ref name="zaman.com.tr">"[http://www.zaman.com.tr/wap.do?method=getHaber&haberno=896740&bolumno=1&altbolumno=&sirano=0&sayfa= 'Osmanoğulları'na insanlık şehadet edecek'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314014440/http://www.zaman.com.tr/wap.do?method=getHaber&haberno=896740&bolumno=1&altbolumno=&sirano=0&sayfa= |date=14 March 2012 }}", ''[[Zaman (newspaper)|Zaman]]'' (27 September 2009).</ref>
| 23 September 2009 – 6 January 2017
| {{Ayd|2009|9|23|2017|1|6}}
|-
| [[Dündar Ali Osman]]
| 45th Head of the House of Osman (2017–2021)
| Second cousin once removed of Bayezid Osman, great-grandson of Sultan Abdul Hamid II.
| 6 January 2017 – 18 January 2021
| {{Ayd|2017|1|6|2021|1|18}}
|-
| '''[[Harun Osman]]'''
| 46th Head of the House of Osman (2021–present)
| Younger brother of Dündar Ali Osman, great-grandson of Sultan Abdul Hamid II.
| '''18 January 2021 – present'''
| '''{{Ayd|2021|1|18}}'''
|}

===Family tree, showing relationships among the heads of the Ottoman dynasty since 1922===
{{Tree list}}
*[[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] ''[[Mahmud II]] (1785–1839; 30th Sultan and 23rd Ottoman Caliph: 1808–1839)''
**[[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] ''[[Abdulmejid I]] (1823–1861; 31st Sultan and 24th Ottoman Caliph: 1839–1861)''
***[[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] ''[[Murad V]] (1840–1904; 33rd Sultan and 26th Ottoman Caliph: 1876)''
****{{Tree list/final branch}} ''[[Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin]] (1861–1915)''
*****''[[Ahmed Nihad]] (1883–1954; 38th Head of the House of Osman: 1944–1954)''<ref name=heirs />
******{{Tree list/final branch}} ''[[Ali Vâsib]] (1903–1983; 41st Head of the House of Osman: 1977–1983)''<ref name=heirs />
*****{{Tree list/final branch}} ''[[Osman Fuad]] (1895–1973; 39th Head of the House of Osman: 1954–1973)''<ref name=heirs />
***[[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] ''[[Abdul Hamid II]] (1842–1918; 34th Sultan and 27th Ottoman Caliph: 1876–1909)''
****''[[Şehzade Mehmed Selim]] (1870–1937)''<ref name= "tree"/>
*****{{Tree list/final branch}} ''[[Şehzade Mehmed Abdülkerim]] (1906–1935)''<ref name= "tree"/>
******''[[Dündar Ali Osman]] (1930–2021): 45th Head of the House of Osman: 2017–2021)''<ref name=OD>{{cite web|url=http://www.osmanlihanedanvakfi.com/2011/01/24/hayatta-olan-sehzadeler.html|title=Hayatta Olan Şehzadeler|publisher=Foundation of the Ottoman Dynasty|access-date=15 April 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225130613/http://www.osmanlihanedanvakfi.com/2011/01/24/hayatta-olan-sehzadeler.html|archive-date=25 February 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=sabah>{{cite news |title= Osmanlı Hanedanı vakıf çatısı altında toplanıyor |url= http://www.sabah.com.tr/fotohaber/gundem/osmanli_hanedani_vakif_catisi_altinda_toplaniyor?tc=20&albumId=20541&page=20 |newspaper= [[Sabah (newspaper)|Sabah]] |date= 13 September 2010 |access-date= 16 April 2011 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120325000356/http://www.sabah.com.tr/fotohaber/gundem/osmanli_hanedani_vakif_catisi_altinda_toplaniyor?tc=20&albumId=20541&page=20 |archive-date= 25 March 2012 |df= dmy-all }}</ref><ref name=Pazan>{{cite news |title= Osmanoğullarının yeni reisi Osman Bayezid Efendi Hazretleri |author= İbrahim Pazan |url= http://www.netgazete.com/News/633638/osmanogullarinin_yeni_reisi_osman_bayezid_efendi.aspx |newspaper= Netgazete |date= 15 September 2009 |access-date= 16 April 2011 |archive-date= 8 June 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120608091734/http://www.netgazete.com/News/633638/osmanogullarinin_yeni_reisi_osman_bayezid_efendi.aspx |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref name=adg>{{cite book |year=2000 |publisher=Almanach de Gotha |edition=184th |title=[[Almanach de Gotha]] |pages=365, 912–915 }}</ref><ref name=BP>{{cite book |year=1980 |publisher=Burke's Peerage |edition=2 |title=Burke's Royal Families of the World |page=247 }}</ref><ref name=OFS>{{cite web |url=http://www.osmanlihanedanvakfi.com/2011/01/24/hayatta-olan-sehzadeler.html |title=Current Living Şehzades |publisher=Official Ottoman Family Website |access-date=15 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225130613/http://www.osmanlihanedanvakfi.com/2011/01/24/hayatta-olan-sehzadeler.html |archive-date=25 February 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
******'''[[Harun Osman]]''' (born 1932): 46th Head of the House of Osman: (2021–present)
****''[[Şehzade Mehmed Abdülkadir]] (1878–1944)''<ref name= "tree"/>
*****''[[Mehmed Orhan]] (1909–1994; 42nd Head of the House of Osman: 1983–1994)''<ref name="Oldest Ottoman to come home at last"/>
****{{Tree list/final branch}} ''[[Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin (son of Abdul Hamid II)|Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin]] (1885–1949)''<ref name= "tree"/>
*****{{Tree list/final branch}} ''[[Ertuğrul Osman]] (1912–2009; 43rd Head of the House of Osman: 1994–2009)''<ref name="NYT"/>
***[[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] ''[[Mehmed V]] (1844–1918; 35th Sultan and 28th Ottoman Caliph: 1909–1918)''
***''[[Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin (son of Abdulmejid I)|Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin]] (1849–1876)''<ref name= "tree"/>
****{{Tree list/final branch}} ''[[Şehzade Ibrahim Tevfik]] (1874–1931)''<ref name= "tree"/>
*****{{Tree list/final branch}} ''[[Bayezid Osman]] (1924–2017; 44th Head of the House of Osman: 2009–2017)''<ref name="zaman.com.tr"/>
***{{Tree list/final branch}} [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] ''[[Mehmed VI|Mehmed VI Vahideddin]] (1861–1926; 36th and last Sultan and 29th Ottoman Caliph: 1918–1922; 36th Head of the House of Osman: 1922–1926)''<ref name=heirs />
**{{Tree list/final branch}} [[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] ''[[Abdulaziz]] (1830–1876; 32nd Sultan and 25th Ottoman Caliph: 1861–1876)''
***''[[Abdulmejid II]] (1868–1944; 30th and last Ottoman Caliph: 1922–1924; 37th Head of the House of Osman: 1926–1944)''<ref name=heirs />
***{{Tree list/final branch}} ''[[Şehzade Mehmed Seyfeddin]] (1874–1927)''<ref name="tree">{{cite web |url=http://tarihvemedeniyet.org/2013/03/osmanogullari-surulduler-ama-bitmediler.html |title=Osmanoğulları: Sürüldüler Ama Bitmediler (Hayattaki Osmanoğullarının soy agaci)|website=tarihvemedeniyet.org | date=11 March 2013 |access-date=12 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422013211/http://tarihvemedeniyet.org/2013/03/osmanogullari-surulduler-ama-bitmediler.html|archive-date=22 April 2020|language=tr}}</ref>
****{{Tree list/final branch}} ''[[Mehmed Abdulaziz]] (1901–1977; 40th Head of the House of Osman: 1973–1977)''<ref name=heirs/>
{{Tree list/end}}

==See also==
* [[Ottoman family tree (simplified)]]
* [[Ottoman family tree]]
* [[Turkic history]]
* [[Amuca tribe]]
* [[Osmanoğlu family]], its current form
* [[List of admirals in the Ottoman Empire]]
* [[List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire]]
* [[List of Ottoman imperial consorts]]
* [[List of mothers of the Ottoman sultans]]
* [[Hatun#Valide hatun|List of Valide hatuns]]
* [[Valide sultan|List of Valide sultans]]
* [[List of Ottoman princesses]]
* [[List of Ottoman grand viziers]]
* [[List of Kapudan Pashas]]
* [[Tughra]]
* [[Ottoman Empire]]
* [[Kadın (title)]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=nb}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|House of Osman|Ottoman Dynasty}}

*{{cite book
|last=Peirce
|first=Leslie P.
|author-link=Leslie P. Peirce
|title=The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Usmania Empire
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L6-VRgVzRcUC
|access-date=2009-04-19
|year=1993
|publisher=Oxford University Press US
|location=New York
|isbn=9780195086775
|oclc=243767445
|ref=Pei93}}
*{{cite book
|last=Quataert
|first=Donald
|title=The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OX3lsOrXJGcC
|access-date=2009-04-18
|edition=2nd
|year=2005
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|isbn=9780521839105
|oclc=59280221
}}
*{{cite book
|last=Karateke
|first=Hakan T.
|editor1-last=Weismann
|editor1-first=Itzchak
|editor2-last=Zachs
|editor2-first=Fruma
|title=Ottoman Reform and Muslim Regeneration: Studies in Honour of Butrus Abu-Manneb
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U7loMhnI5S8C
|access-date=2009-05-02
|year=2005
|publisher=I. B. Tauris
|location=London
|isbn=9781850437574
|oclc=60416792
|chapter=Who is the Next Ottoman Sultan? Attempts to Change the Rule of Succession during the Nineteenth Century
|ref=Kar05}}

'''In English'''
*[http://www.ottomanfamily.com/ Official website of the immediate living descendants of the Ottoman dynasty]
*[http://www.osmanlimedeniyeti.com Everything about Ottoman Empire] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050801005725/http://www.osmanlimedeniyeti.com/ |date=1 August 2005 }} Everything about the history, culture and civilization of Ottoman Empire
*[http://www.theottomans.org/english/family/index.asp Ottoman Empire – The Family]

'''In Turkish'''
*[http://www.ottomandynasty.com Osmanlı Hanedanlığı, Ottoman dynasty]
*[http://www.theottomans.org/turkce/sultanlar_harem/index.asp Osmanlı Sultanları]
*[http://tarihvemedeniyet.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/Hanedan-bu-g%C3%BCnk%C3%BC-Osmanoglu-ailesii.png Tarihvemedeniyet.org]

'''In French'''
*{{YouTube|KKQ-vIMk47o|Interview with Neslişah Sultan, granddaughter of the last emperor about her family's exile}}

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{{s-non|reason=New Dynasty|reason2=[[Ottoman Empire|Empire founded]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Ruling house of the [[Ottoman Empire]]|years=c. 1299 – 19 November 1922}}
{{s-vac|rows=2|reason=[[Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire|Monarchy and Caliphate abolished]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Abbasid|‘Abbāsid dynasty]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Caliphate]] dynasty|years=1517–3 March 1924}}
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{{S-end}}
{{Ottoman Dynasty}}
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