View source for Osteolepiformes

{{Short description|Paraphyletic group of tetrapodomorphs}}
{{Paraphyletic group
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|396|299|latest= 0}}<small>Middle [[Devonian]] to Late [[Carboniferous]]</small>
| image = Osteolepis BW.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Osteolepis]]''
| auto = yes
| taxon = Osteolepiformes
| authority = Berg, 1937
| includes = See text
| excludes = * [[Elpistostegalia]]
}}

'''Osteolepiformes''', also known as '''Osteolepidida''', is a group of [[prehistoric]] [[lobe-finned fishes]] which first appeared during the [[Devonian]] [[Geological period|period]]. The [[order (biology)|order]] contains the families [[Canowindridae]], [[Megalichthyidae]], [[Osteolepididae]] and [[Tristichopteridae]], in addition to several monotypic families. The order is generally considered to be [[paraphyletic]] because the characters that define it are mainly attributes of [[Stem Tetrapoda|stem tetrapodomorphs]].<ref name=AJ98>{{cite journal |last=Ahlberg |first=P. E. |author2=Johanson, Z. |year=1998 |title=Osteolepiforms and the ancestry of tetrapods |journal=Nature |volume=395 |pages=792–794 |doi=10.1038/27421 |issue=6704 |url=http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/courses.hp/biol606/papers/Ahlberg+1998.pdf |bibcode=1998Natur.395..792A |s2cid=4430783 |access-date=2013-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141124103604/http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/courses.hp/biol606/papers/Ahlberg+1998.pdf |archive-date=2014-11-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The following taxonomy is based on Borgen & Nakrem, 2016:<ref>{{Cite book |last=Borgen |first=Ulf J. |url=https://www.idunn.no/doi/book/10.1002/9781119286448 |title=Morphology, phylogeny and taxonomy of osteolepiform fish |last2=Nakrem |first2=Hans A. |date=2016 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |isbn=978-1-119-28643-1 |series=Fossils and Strata |volume=61 |language=en |doi=10.1002/9781119286448.ch1}}</ref>

* Order {{extinct}}'''Osteolepiformes'''
** Suborder {{extinct}}[[Osteolepidoidei]]
*** Family {{Extinct}}[[Osteolepididae]]
*** Family {{Extinct}}[[Thursiidae]]
*** Family {{Extinct}}[[Megalichthyidae]]
** Suborder {{extinct}}[[Cyclolepidoidei]]
*** Superfamily {{Extinct}}[[Eopodoidea]]
**** Family {{Extinct}}[[Chrysolepididae]]
**** Family {{Extinct}}[[Gyroptychiidae]]
**** Family [[Panderichthyidae]] (incl. [[Elpistostegalia]])
**** Family {{Extinct}}[[Tristichopteridae]]
*** Superfamily {{Extinct}}[[Parapodoidea]]
**** Family {{Extinct}}[[Canowindridae]]
**** Family {{Extinct}}[[Medoevididae]]
*** Superfamily {{extinct}}[[Rhizodontida|Rhizodontoidea]]

Below is a [[cladogram]] showing the paraphyly of Osteolepiformes compiled and modified from Ahlberg and Johanson (1998).<ref name=AJ98/> See also Swartz (2012).<ref name=SB12>{{cite journal | last = Swartz | first = B. | year = 2012 | title = A marine stem-tetrapod from the Devonian of Western North America | journal = PLOS ONE | pmid = 22448265 | volume = 7 | issue = 3 | pmc = 3308997 | pages = e33683 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0033683 | bibcode = 2012PLoSO...733683S | doi-access = free }}</ref> Osteolepiformes is marked by the green bracket.
{{Barlabel|size=23|at=8.5|label=Osteolepiformes|colour=green|style=font-size:90%
|cladogram=
{{clade| style=line-height:75%
|label1=[[Tetrapodomorpha]]   
|1={{clade
   |1=''[[Kenichthys]]''  
   |2={{clade
      |label1=[[Rhizodontida]]
      |1={{cladex
         |1=''[[Barameda]]''
         |2=''[[Gooloogongia]]''}}
      |2={{cladex
         |1={{cladex
            |1=''[[Gogonasus]]'' | barbegin1=green
            |2=''[[Osteolepis]]'' | bar2=green
            }}
         |2={{cladex
            |1={{cladex
               |1={{cladex
                  |1=''[[Megalichthys]]'' |bar1=green
                  |2=''[[Cladarosymblema]]'' |bar2=green
                  }}
               |2=''[[Ectosteorhachis]]'' |bar2=green
               }}
            |2={{cladex
               |1=''[[Medoevia]]'' |bar1=green
               |2={{cladex
                  |1={{cladex
                     |1={{cladex
                        |1=''[[Koharolepis]]'' |bar1=green
                        |2=''[[Canowindra (fish)|Canowindra]]'' |bar2=green
                        }}
                     |2=''[[Beelarongia]]'' |bar2=green
                     }}
                  |2={{cladex
                     |1=''[[Gyroptychius]]'' |bar1=green
                     |2={{cladex
                        |label1=[[Tristichopteridae]] 
                        |1={{cladex
                           |1={{cladex
                              |1={{cladex
                                 |1={{cladex
                                    |1={{cladex
                                       |1=''[[Eusthenodon]]'' |bar1=green
                                       |2=''[[Mandageria]]'' |bar2=green
                                       }} 
                                    |2=''[[Cabonnichthys]]'' |bar2=green
                                    }}
                                 |2=''[[Platycephalichthys]]'' |bar2=green
                                 }}
                              |2=''[[Jarvikina]]'' |bar2=green
                              }}
                           |2=''[[Eusthenopteron]]'' |bar2=green
                           |3=''[[Tristichopterus]]'' |barend3=green
                           }}
                        |2={{clade
                           |1=''[[Panderichthys]]''
                           |label2=[[Tetrapoda]]
                           |2={{clade
                              |1=''[[Acanthostega]]''
                              |2=''[[Ichthyostega]]''
}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://tolweb.org/Terrestrial_vertebrates Tree of Life]

{{Portal|Paleontology}}
{{Tetrapodomorpha|R.}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q1685680|from2=Q15712863}}

[[Category:Tetrapodomorph orders]]
[[Category:Paraphyletic groups]]


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