View source for Oribi

{{Short description|Species of mammal}}
{{For-multi|the ship|HMS Oribi|for the gorge|Oribi Gorge}}
{{Good article}}
{{Speciesbox
 | name = Oribi
 | status = LC
 | status_system = IUCN3.1
 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group |date=2016 |title=''Ourebia ourebi'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T15730A50192202 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T15730A50192202.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
 | image = Sudan Oribi (Ourebia montana) male (18172324646).jpg
 | image_caption = Male
 | image2 = Sudan Oribi (Ourebia montana) female (18199933351).jpg
 | image2_caption = Female<br>both at the [[Murchison Falls National Park]], [[Uganda]]
 | parent_authority = Laurillard, 1842
 | synonyms_ref = <ref name=MSW3/>
 | synonyms = {{collapsible list
|''Oribia'' <small>Kirby, 1899</small><ref name="GBIF">{{cite web |title=Oribia Kirby, 1899 |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/4835119 |website=www.gbif.org |access-date=1 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|''O. aequatoria'' <small>[[Edmund Heller|Heller]], 1912</small>
|''O. grayi'' <small>(Fitzinger, 1869)</small>
|''O. masakensis'' <small>[[Einar Lönnberg|Lönnberg]] and [[Nils Carl Gustaf Fersen Gyldenstolpe|Gyldenstolpe]], 1925</small>
|''O. melanura'' <small>(Bechstein, 1799)</small>
|''O. pitmani'' <small>Ruxton, 1926</small>
|''O. scoparia'' <small>([[Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber|Schreber]], 1836)</small>
|''O. splendida'' <small>Schwarz, 1914</small>
}} 
 | taxon = Ourebia ourebi
 | authority = [[Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann|Zimmermann]], 1783
 | subdivision_ranks = Subspecies
 | subdivision = See text
 | range_map = Oribi map.png
 | range_map_caption = Geographic range
}}

The '''oribi''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɔː|r|ə|b|i}}; '''''Ourebia ourebi''''') is a small [[antelope]] found in eastern, southern and western Africa. The sole member of its genus, it was described by the German zoologist [[Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann]] in 1783. While this is the [[monotypic taxon|only member]] in the [[genus]] '''''Ourebia''''', eight [[subspecies]] are identified. The oribi reaches nearly {{convert|50|–|67|cm|in}} at the shoulder and weighs {{convert|12|–|22|kg|lb}}. It possesses a slightly raised back, and long neck and limbs. The glossy, yellowish to [[rufous]] brown coat contrasts with the white chin, throat, underparts and [[rump (animal)|rump]]. Only males possess [[Horn (anatomy)|horn]]s; the thin, straight horns, {{convert|8|–|18|cm|in}} long, are smooth at the tips and ringed at the base.

Typically [[diurnality|diurnal]], the oribi is active mainly during the day. Small herds of up to four members are common; males defend their group's [[Territory (animal)|territory]], {{convert|25|–|100|ha|acre}} large. It is primarily a [[grazing|grazer]], and prefers fresh grasses but also [[Browsing (herbivory)|browses]] occasionally. A seasonal breeder, the time when mating occurs varies geographically. Unlike all other small antelopes, oribi can exhibit three types of mating systems, depending on the habitat – [[Polyandry in nature|polyandry]], [[Polygyny in animals|polygyny]] and [[polygynandry]]. [[Gestation]] lasts for six to seven months, following which a single calf is born; births peak from November to December in southern Africa. Weaning takes place at four to five months.

The oribi occurs in a variety of habitats – from [[savannah]]s, floodplains and [[tropical grassland]]s with {{convert|10|–|100|cm|in}} tall grasses to [[montane grassland]]s at low altitudes, up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above the sea level. This antelope is highly sporadic in distribution, ranging from [[Senegal]] in the west to [[Ethiopia]] and [[Eritrea]] in the east and southward to [[Angola]] and the [[Eastern Cape]] ([[South Africa]]). The oribi has been classified as [[Least Concern]] by the [[IUCN]]; numbers have declined due to [[agricultural expansion]] and competition from livestock.

==Taxonomy==
[[File:The book of antelopes (1894) Ourebia nigricaudata.png|right|thumb|Illustration {{circa|1894}}]]
The [[scientific name]] of the oribi is ''Ourebia ourebi''. The sole member of its genus, the oribi is placed under the family [[Bovidae]]. The species was first [[Scientific description|described]] by the German zoologist [[Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann]] in 1782.<ref name=MSW3>{{MSW3|id=14200638|page=686}}</ref> It was formerly included in the [[Tribe (biology)|tribe]] [[Neotragini]], that comprised a variety of other dwarf [[antelope]]s, including ''[[Dorcatragus]]'' (beira), ''[[Madoqua]]'' (dik dik), ''[[Neotragus]]'', ''[[Oreotragus]]'' (klipspringer) and ''[[Raphicerus]]''. In 1963, German mammalogist [[Theodor Haltenorth]] separated the oribi and ''Raphicerus'' into a new tribe, Raphicerini; later on, zoologist [[Jonathan Kingdon]] assigned the oribi to Ourebini, a tribe of its own.<ref name="Kingdon">{{cite book|last1=Kingdon|first1=J.|author-link=Jonathan Kingdon|last2=Happold|first2=D.|last3=Butynski|first3=T.|last4=Hoffmann|first4=M.|last5=Happold|first5=M.|last6=Kalina|first6=J.|title=Mammals of Africa|date=2013|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing Plc|location=London, UK|volume=6|isbn=978-1-4081-2257-0|pages=404–12|url={{Google Books|id=B_07noCPc4kC|page=RA4-PA404|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> The common name "oribi" comes from the [[Afrikaans Language|Afrikaans]] name for the animal, ''oorbietjie''.<ref>{{MerriamWebsterDictionary|Oribi|access-date=24 April 2016}}</ref><ref name=ewt/>

In a revision of the [[phylogeny]] of the [[tribe (biology)|tribe]] [[Antilopini]] on the basis of [[Nucleus (biology)|nuclear]] and [[mitochondria]]l data in 2013, Eva Verena Bärmann (of the [[University of Cambridge]]) and colleagues showed that the oribi is the [[sister group|sister taxon]] to all other antilopines. The [[cladogram]] below is based on the 2013 study.<ref name="barmann">{{cite journal|last1=Bärmann|first1=E.V.|last2=Rössner|first2=G.E.|last3=Wörheide|first3=G.|title=A revised phylogeny of Antilopini (Bovidae, Artiodactyla) using combined mitochondrial and nuclear genes|journal=[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]]|year=2013|volume=67|issue=2|pages=484–93|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2013.02.015|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236042243|pmid=23485920|bibcode=2013MolPE..67..484B }} {{open access}}</ref>

{{clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:100%;
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
    |1='''Oribi''' ('''''Ourebia ourebi''''')
    |2={{clade
        |1=Saiga (''Saiga tatarica'')
        |2={{clade
            |1={{clade
                |1=[[Gerenuk]] (''Litocranius walleri'')
                |2=[[Springbok]] (''Antidorcas marsupialis'')
               }}
            |2={{clade
                |1={{clade
                    |1=''[[Eudorcas]]''
                    |2=''[[Nanger]]''
                   }}
                |2={{clade
                    |1=''[[Gazella]]''
                    |2=[[Blackbuck]] (''Antilope cervicapra'')
                   }}
               }}
           }}
       }}
    }}
|2={{clade
    |1=''[[Procapra]]''
    |2={{clade
        |1=''[[Raphicerus]]''
        |2={{clade
            |1=''[[Madoqua]]''
            |2=''[[Dorcatragus]]''
           }}
       }}
   }}
}}}}

The following eight [[subspecies]] are identified:<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /><ref name=ITIS>{{ITIS|taxon=''Ourebia ourebi''|id=625112|access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="Skinner">{{cite book|last1=Skinner|first1=J.D.|last2=Chimimba|first2=C.T.|title=The Mammals of the Southern African Sub-region|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, UK|isbn=978-1-107-39405-6|pages=696–8|url={{Google Books|id=F23lAgAAQBAJ|page=696|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*''O. o. dorcas'' <small>[[Ernst Schwarz (zoologist)|Schwarz]], 1914</small> 
*''O. o. gallarum'' <small>Blaine, 1913</small>
*''O. o. haggardi'' <small>([[Oldfield Thomas|Thomas]], 1895)</small> – Occurs in eastern Africa. Listed as [[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]] by the [[IUCN]]. 
*''O. o. hastata'' <small>([[Wilhelm Peters|Peters]], 1852)</small> – Ranges from Kenya southward into Mozambique and eastward into Angola
*[[Extinction|†]] ''[[Ourebia ourebi kenyae|O. o. kenyae]]'' <small>Meinhertzhagen, 1905</small> – Occurred on the lower slopes of [[Mount Kenya]].
*''O. o. montana'' <small>([[Philipp Jakob Cretzschmar|Cretzschmar]], 1826)</small> – Ranges from northern Nigeria eastward into Ethiopia and southward into Uganda.
*''O. o. ourebi'' <small>([[Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann|Zimmermann]], 1783)</small> – Its range lies south of [[Zambezi River]].
*''O. o. quadriscopa'' <small>([[Charles Hamilton Smith|C. H. Smith]], 1827)</small> – Occurs in western Africa
*''O. o. rutila'' <small>Blaine, 1922</small> 
{{div col end}}

Of these, zoologists [[Colin Groves]] and [[Peter Grubb (zoologist)|Peter Grubb]] identify ''O. o. hastata'', ''O. o. montana'', ''O. o. ourebi'' and ''O. o. quadriscopa'' as independent species in their 2011 publication ''Ungulate Taxonomy''.<ref name=groves>{{cite book|last1=Groves|first1=C.|author1-link=Colin Groves|last2=Grubb|first2=P.|author2-link=Peter Grubb (zoologist)|title=Ungulate Taxonomy|date=2011|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|location=Baltimore, USA|isbn=978-1-4214-0093-8|page=179}}</ref>

==Description==
The oribi is a small, slender antelope; it reaches nearly {{convert|50|–|67|cm|in}} at the shoulder and weighs {{convert|12|–|22|kg|lb}}. The head-and-body length is typically between {{convert|92|and|110|cm|in}}.<ref name="Kingdon2015">{{cite book|last1=Kingdon|first1=J.|title=The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals|date=2015|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing Plc|location=London, UK|isbn=978-1-4729-2135-2|pages=573–4|edition=2nd|url={{Google Books|id=sjPCCAAAQBAJ|page=573|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> [[Sexually dimorphic]], males are slightly smaller than females (except for ''O. o. ourebi'', in which females are smaller).<ref name=groves/> This antelope features a slightly raised back, and long neck and limbs. The glossy, yellowish to [[rufous]] brown coat contrasts with the white chin, throat, underparts and [[rump (animal)|rump]]. The bushy tail, brown to black on the outside, has white insides<ref name="ewt">{{cite web|title=Oribi ''Ourebia ourebi''|url=http://www.ewt.org.za/species%20factsheets/Oribi.pdf|publisher=[[Endangered Wildlife Trust]]|access-date=2016-04-24|archive-date=2016-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602205733/https://www.ewt.org.za/species%20factsheets/Oribi.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Mills">{{cite book|last1=Mills|first1=G.|last2=Hes|first2=L.|title=The Complete Book of Southern African Mammals|date=1997|publisher=Struik Publishers|location=Cape Town, South Africa|isbn=978-0-947430-55-9|page=266|edition=1st|url={{Google Books|id=CavgCweI1nMC|page=266|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> (except in ''O. o. hastata'', that has a completely black tail). The subspecies show some variation in colouration; ''O. o. ourebi'' is a rich rufous, while ''O. o. hastata'' is yellower.<ref name=groves/>

Only males possess [[Horn (anatomy)|horn]]s; the thin, straight horns, {{convert|8|–|18|cm|in}} long, are smooth at the tips and ringed at the base.<ref name=ewt/><ref name=Mills/> The maximum horn length, {{convert|19.1|cm|in}}, was recorded in 1998 from [[Malawi]].<ref name=Skinner/> The oribi has at least six different, well-developed [[scent gland]]s (such as the prominent [[preorbital gland]]s near the eyes). The body has several modifications, such as the large [[Fossa (anatomy)|fossae]] below the eyes, to accommodate such a large number of glands.<ref name=Kingdon/> Females have four teats.<ref name=Long/>

==Ecology and behaviour==
[[File:Sudan Oribis (Ourebia montana) (18231586045).jpg|thumb|right|A male (left) and small group of females]]
The oribi is [[diurnality|diurnal]] (active mainly during the day), though some activity may also be observed at night.<ref name=Long>{{cite book|last1=Long|first1=J.L.|title=Introduced Mammals of the World: Their History, Distribution and Influence|date=2003|publisher=Csiro Publishing|location=Clayton, Australia|isbn=978-0-643-09916-6|page=485|url={{Google Books|id=7YC3cYhGMOcC|page=485|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> It rests in cover during rain events. Unlike all other small antelopes, oribi can exhibit three types of mating systems, depending on the habitat – [[polyandry in nature|polyandry]], [[polygyny in animals|polygyny]] and [[polygynandry]];<ref name=Kingdon/> polygyny tends to prevail as the female-to-male ratio increases.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Arcese|first1=P.|last2=Jongejan|first2=G.|last3=Sinclair|first3=A.R.E.|title=Behavioural flexibility in a small African antelope: group size and composition in the oribi (''Ourebia ourebi'', Bovidae)|journal=Ethology|date=1995|volume=99|issue=1–2|pages=1–23|doi=10.1111/j.1439-0310.1995.tb01085.x|bibcode=1995Ethol..99....1A }}</ref> A study suggested that polygyny is [[natural selection|preferred]] in areas of high predator risk, as it leads to formation of groups as an anti-predator measure.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Adamczak|first1=V.G.|last2=Dunbar|first2=R.I.M.|title=Variation in the mating system of oribi and its ecological determinants|journal=African Journal of Ecology|date=2008|volume=46|issue=2|pages=197–206|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2028.2007.00833.x|bibcode=2008AfJEc..46..197A }}</ref> Small herds of up to four members are also common.<ref name=Mills/>

Males defend their group's [[Territory (animal)|territory]], {{convert|25|–|100|ha|acre}} large; female members may also show some aggression and drive away intruders. A study showed that the number of females that visit the male's territory depends on the appearance (particularly the symmetry) of the male's horns.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Arcese|first1=P.|title=Harem size and horn symmetry in oribi|journal=[[Animal Behaviour (journal)|Animal Behaviour]]|date=1994|volume=48|issue=6|pages=1485–8|doi=10.1006/anbe.1994.1391|s2cid=53150077}}</ref> Males [[Territorial marking|mark]] vegetation and soil in their territories by preorbital gland secretions and excrement; the intensity of marking increases with the number of male neighbours.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Brashares|first1=J.S.|last2=Arcese|first2=P.|title=Scent marking in a territorial African antelope: I. The maintenance of borders between male oribi|journal=[[Animal Behaviour (journal)|Animal Behaviour]]|date=1999|volume=57|issue=1|pages=1–10|doi=10.1006/anbe.1998.0941|pmid=10053066|s2cid=38863236|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/13237420}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gosling|first1=L.M.|title=The construction of antorbital gland marking sites by male oribi (''Ourebia ourebia'', Zimmerman, 1783)|journal=Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie|date=1972|volume=30|issue=3|pages=271–6|doi=10.1111/j.1439-0310.1972.tb00856.x|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230026822}}</ref> Dominant males tend to have greater access to females in and around the territory than other males.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Arcese|first1=P.|title=Effect of auxiliary males on territory ownership in the oribi and the attributes of multimale groups|journal=[[Animal Behaviour (journal)|Animal Behaviour]]|date=1999|volume=57|issue=1|pages=61–71|doi=10.1006/anbe.1998.0962|pmid=10053072|s2cid=41424552}}</ref> An important feature of the social behaviour of oribi is the "dung ceremony", in which all animals form temporary dung middens. Oribi at least three months old have been observed giving out one to three alarm whistles on sensing danger. These whistles are more common in adults than in juveniles, and males appear to whistle more.<ref name=Kingdon/><ref name=Mills/> Common predators include [[carnivora]]ns such as [[jackal]]s.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kingdon|first1=J.|author-link=Jonathan Kingdon|title=East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa|date=1984|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago, USA|isbn=978-0-226-43718-7|page=222|url={{Google Books|id=x75kYjINSqUC|page=222|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref>

===Diet===
Primarily a [[grazing|grazer]], the oribi prefers fresh grasses and [[Browsing (herbivory)|browses]] occasionally. Grasses can constitute up to 90% of the diet; preferred varieties include ''[[Andropogon]]'', ''[[Eulalia (plant)|Eulalia]]'', ''[[Hyparrhenia]]'', ''[[Loudetia]]'', ''[[Pennisetum]]'' and ''[[Themeda]]'' species. [[Mineral lick]]s are also visited regularly. Oribi have been observed feeding on flowers and ''[[Boletus]]'' mushrooms. Groups of oribi congregate in the rainy season, when grasses are abundant.<ref name=Kingdon/><ref name=Kingdon2015/>

===Reproduction===
Both sexes become [[sexually mature]] at 10 to 14 months. A seasonal breeder, the time when mating occurs varies geographically. Mating may peak in the rainy season (August to September).<ref name=Long/> When a female enters [[oestrus]] (which lasts for four to six days), she seeks the company of males. During courtship, the male will pursue the female, test her urine to check if she is in oestrus and lick her rump and flanks.<ref name=Kingdon/> [[Gestation]] lasts for six to seven months, following which a single calf is born; births peak from November to December in southern Africa. The newborn is kept in concealment for nearly a month; the mother pays regular visits to her calf to suckle it for nearly half an hour. Males may guard their offspring from predators and keep away other males. Weaning takes place at four to five months.<ref name=Mills/> The oribi lives for 8 to 12 years in the wild, and for 12 to 14 years in captivity.<ref name=Long/>

==Distribution and habitat==
[[File:Gazelles grass park w niger 2006.jpg|thumb|right|Oribi occur in [[tropical grassland]]s at [[W National Park]], Niger]]
The oribi occurs in a variety of habitats – from [[savannah]]s, floodplains and [[tropical grassland]]s with {{convert|10|–|100|cm|in}} tall grasses to [[montane grassland]]s at low altitudes, up to {{convert|2000|m|ft}} above the sea level. Recently burnt areas often attract groups of oribi.<ref name=Kingdon/><ref name=Skinner/> The choice of habitat depends on the availability of cover needed to escape the eyes of predators. Population densities typically vary between 2 and 10 individuals per km<sup>2</sup>; however, densities as high as 45 individuals per km<sup>2</sup> have been recorded in tropical grasslands that receive over {{convert|110|cm|in}} of annual rainfall and open floodplains. The oribi's range overlaps with those of larger grazers such as the [[African buffalo]], [[hippopotamus]], [[hartebeest]], [[Thomson's gazelle]] and [[topi]]. These separate species often occur in close proximity to each other, increasing predator vigilance.<ref name=Kingdon/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Mduma|first1=S.A.R.|last2=Sinclair|first2=A.R.E.|title=The function of habitat selection by oribi in Serengeti, Tanzania|journal=African Journal of Ecology|date=1994|volume=32|issue=1|pages=16–29|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2028.1994.tb00551.x|bibcode=1994AfJEc..32...16M }}</ref>

This antelope is highly sporadic in distribution; it occurs mainly in eastern, southern and western Africa, ranging from [[Nigeria]] and [[Senegal]] in the west to [[Ethiopia]] and [[Eritrea]] in the east and southward to [[Angola]] and the [[Eastern Cape]] ([[South Africa]]).<ref name="Mduma">{{cite book|last1=Mduma|first1=S.A.R.|editor1-last=Sinclair|editor1-first=A.R.E.|editor2-last=Arcese|editor2-first=P.|title=Serengeti II: Dynamics, Management, and Conservation of an Ecosystem|pages=220–31|chapter=Distribution and abundance of oribi, a small antelope|year=1995|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago, USA|isbn=978-0-226-76032-2|url={{Google Books|id=YV5Qg2GSyWwC|page=220|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> It is feared to be extinct in [[Burundi]].<ref name="East">{{cite book|last1=East|first1=R.|title=African Antelope Database 1998|date=1999|publisher=IUCN Species Survival Commission|location=Gland, Switzerland|isbn=978-2-8317-0477-7|pages=290–5|url={{Google Books|id=59Ci3C8BCmEC|page=290|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref>

==Threats and conservation==
The oribi has been classified as [[Least Concern]] by the IUCN. The total population (as of 2008) is estimated at 750,000.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> However, the subspecies ''O. o. haggardi'' is listed as [[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]] because, as of 2008, the total population is estimated at less than 10,000 mature individuals, and is feared to be declining. Hunting is a relatively minor threat, since the oribi shows some tolerance to hunting. Nevertheless, the steep fall of 92% in oribi populations in [[Comoé National Park]] ([[Côte d'Ivoire]]) has been attributed to poaching. Numbers have also declined due to agricultural expansion and competition from livestock.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /><ref name=East/>

The oribi occurs in a number of protected areas throughout its range, such as: [[Gashaka Gumti National Park]] in [[Nigeria]], the [[Pendjari National Park|Pendjari]] and [[W National Park|W]] National Parks ([[Benin]]); Aouk Hunting Zone ([[Chad]]); [[Benoue National Park|Benoue]], [[Bouba Njida National Park|Bouba Njida]] and [[Faro National Park|Faro]] National Parks ([[Cameroon]]); [[Manovo-Gounda St. Floris National Park]] ([[Central African Republic]]); [[Garamba National Park|Garamba]], [[Upemba National Park|Upemba]] and [[Kundelungu National Park|Kundelungu]] National Parks ([[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo-Kinshasa]]); [[Omo National Park]] ([[Ethiopia]]); [[Masai Mara Game Reserve]] and [[Ruma National Park]] ([[Kenya]]); [[Golden Gate Highlands National Park]] ([[South Africa]]); [[Serengeti National Park]] ([[Tanzania]]); [[Kidepo Valley National Park|Kidepo Valley]], [[Lake Mburo National Park|Lake Mburo]] and [[Murchison Falls National Park|Murchison Falls]] National Parks ([[Uganda]]); [[Kafue National Park|Kafue]] and [[Liuwa Plain National Park|Liuwa Plain]] National Parks and [[Bangweulu Swamp]] ([[Zambia]]).<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /><ref name=East/>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Mammals|Animals|Africa}}
*{{commonscat-inline|Ourebia ourebi}}
*{{Wikispecies-inline|Ourebia ourebi}}

{{Artiodactyla|R.5}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q275615}}

[[Category:Dwarf antelopes]]
[[Category:Mammals of Sub-Saharan Africa]]
[[Category:Mammals described in 1783]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann]]