View source for Order of Mapungubwe

{{short description| South African National award}}
{{Infobox order
|title = Order of Mapungubwe
|image = Order of Mapungubwe.jpg
|image_size = 150px
|caption = 
|awarded_by = [[President of South Africa]]
|type = [[South African civil honours|Civilian]] [[Order (decoration)|national order]]
|established=6 December 2002|motto = 
|day =
|eligibility = 
|for = 
|status = Currently constituted
|head_title = [[President of South Africa]]
|head = 
|chancellor = 
|commander =
|grades = {{plainlist |
* Platinum (OMP)
* Gold (OMG)
* Silver (OMS)
* Bronze (OMB)
}}
|date = 
|first_induction = 
|last_induction =
|total = 
|recipients = 
|individual =
|image2 = Order of Mapungubwe (RSA) - ribbon bar.gif
|image_size2 = 100px
|caption2 = Ribbon
}}

The '''Order of Mapungubwe''' is a [[South African civil honours|South African civilian honour]] awarded by the [[President of South Africa]]. It recognises [[South African citizenship|South African citizens]] whose achievements have international impact and serve the interests of South Africa.<ref name="Order of Mapn">{{cite news |title=The Order of Mapungubwe |work=The Presidency |publisher=Republic of South Africa |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/main.asp?include=orders/main.html#mapungubwe |url-status=dead |access-date=2007-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070420231656/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/main.asp?include=orders%2Fmain.html#mapungubwe |archive-date=2007-04-20}}</ref> It is South Africa's highest honour.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}} 

The order is named after the [[Ancient history|ancient]] civilisation of [[Mapungubwe]], which was located in modern-day South Africa.<ref name="Order of Mapn" /> It was instituted on 6 December 2002, and its first recipient (in the highest class) was former president [[Nelson Mandela]].

== Classes ==
The order originally had three classes, and was enlarged to four in 2004:
* Platinum (OMP), for exceptional and unique achievements;
* Gold (OMG), for exceptional achievements;
* Silver (OMS), for excellent achievements; and
* Bronze (OMB), for outstanding achievements.

==Design==
The badge is a horizontal oval above an inverted trapezium. Inside the oval frame is depicted a [[Golden Rhinoceros of Mapungubwe|golden rhinoceros]] with the sun rising above [[Kingdom of Mapungubwe|Mapungubwe Hill]] in the background. The convex upper edge of the trapezium is decorated with a beadwork pattern and the sides are edged with sceptres. In the centre is an ornate crucible from which molten gold flows down to a red furnace. The [[Coat of Arms of South Africa|South African coat of arms]] is displayed on the reverse.

The ribbon is gold, edged with a line of cream-coloured bead-like dots along each edge, and recurring cream-coloured rhinoceros silhouettes down the centre. All four classes are worn around the neck.

==Recipients==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders mw-collapsible"
!Recipient
!Class
!Year
! class="unsortable" |Field of achievement
! class="unsortable" |Ref.
|-
! scope="row" |[[Nelson Mandela]]
|Platinum
|2002
|[[Internal resistance to apartheid|Liberation struggle]], national reconciliation and nation-building, and global peace and justice
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[F. W. de Klerk]] 
|Gold
|2002
|Peace, national reconciliation and nation-building
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Allan McLeod Cormack]] {{Abbr|†|Posthumously}} 
|Gold
|2002
|Science and [[CT scan|CT scanning]]
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Basil Schonland]] {{Abbr|†|Posthumously}}
|Gold
|2002
|Physics and foundation of the [[Council for Scientific and Industrial Research]]
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Peter Beighton]] 
|Bronze
|2002
|Science and research into inherited [[:Category:Skeletal disorders|skeleton disorders]]
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Hamilton Naki]] 
|Bronze
|2002
|Medical science
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Sydney Brenner]] 
|Gold
|2004
|Medicine, especially research in [[genetics]]
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Tshilidzi Marwala]] 
|Bronze
|2004
|Engineering science
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Daya Reddy]]
|Bronze
|2004
|Mathematics and science
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[J. M. Coetzee]]
|Gold
|2005
|Literature
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Aaron Klug]] 
|Gold
|2005
|Medicine
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Frank Nabarro]] 
|Gold
|2005
|Science
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Tebello Nyokong]] 
|Bronze
|2005
|Science
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Himla Soodyall|Himladevi Soodyall]] 
|Bronze
|2005
|Science
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Selig Percy Amoils]] 
|Silver
|2006
|Ophthalmology
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[George Francis Rayner Ellis|George Ellis]] 
|Silver
|2006
|Science
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Lionel Opie]] 
|Silver
|2006
|Cardiology
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Patricia Berjak]]
|Silver
|2006
|[[Seed science]]
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Claire Penn]] 
|Silver
|2007
|[[Speech and language pathology]], especially research into [[sign language]], [[Child language acquisition|child language]], [[aphasia]] and [[head injuries]]
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Sibusiso Sibisi]] 
|Silver
|2007
|[[Information technology]], [[research and development]] and business technology
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Valerie Mizrahi]] 
|Silver
|2007
|[[Biochemistry]] and [[molecular biology]], including [[tuberculosis]] drug validation
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Doris Lessing]] 
|Gold
|2008
|Literature and the elimination of colonialism and [[apartheid]]
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Wieland Gevers]]
|Silver
|2008
|Higher education and medicine
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Phuti Ngoepe]]
|Silver
|2008
|Natural sciences and [[computer modelling]] research
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Tim Noakes]] 
|Silver
|2008
|Sport and the [[Sports science|science of physical exercise]]
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Pragasen Pillay]]
|Silver
|2008
|[[Energy conservation]]
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Mangena Maake Mokone]] {{Abbr|†|Posthumously}}
|Gold
|2009
|African [[Ethiopian movement|Ethiopian Movement]] 
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=National Orders awards December 2009 |url=https://www.gov.za/about-government/national-orders-awards-december-2009 |access-date=2023-11-14 |website=South African Government}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|[[Hendrik J. Koornhof]]
|Silver
|2009
|Biomedical science
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
!scope="row"|[[Bongani Mayosi]]
|Silver
|2009
|Medical science
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
!scope="row"|[[Johann Lutjeharms]]
|Silver
|2009/10
|Oceanographic science
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
!scope="row"|[[Douglas Butterworth]]
|Silver
|2010
|Betterment of the environment and sustainability of fisheries
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Monique Zaahl]] 
|Bronze
|2010
|Genetics and research into [[iron overload]] disorders
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Pieter Steyn (chemist)|Pieter Steyn]] 
|Silver
|2011
|Chemistry and biosynthesis of [[Mycotoxin|mycotoxins]]
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Oliver Tambo]] {{Abbr|†|Posthumously}}
|Platinum
|2012
|Exceptional leadership during the [[Internal resistance to apartheid|anti-apartheid struggle]]
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Albert Luthuli]] {{Abbr|†|Posthumously}}
|Platinum
|2012
|Exceptional leadership during the [[Internal resistance to apartheid|anti-apartheid struggle]]
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Barry Schoub]]
|Silver
|2012
|Virology
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Patience Mthunzi-Kufa]]
|Bronze
|2012
|[[Biophotonics]] 
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Bernie Fanaroff]] 
|Silver
|2013
|Astronomy and the [[Square Kilometre Array]]
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[George Ekama]] 
|Silver
|2013
|Research into [[wastewater treatment]] 
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Glenda Gray]] 
|Silver
|2013
|Research into [[mother-to-child transmission]] of [[HIV/AIDS]]
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Malegapuru William Makgoba]] 
|Silver
|2013
|Transformation of higher education
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Quarraisha Abdool Karim]] 
|Bronze
|2013
|Research into [[HIV/AIDS]] and [[tuberculosis]]
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Ismail Mohamed (mathematician)|Ismail Mohamed]] {{Abbr|†|Posthumously}}
|Silver
|2014
|Mathematics and political liberation
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Hendrik Simon Schaaf]]
|Silver
|2014
|Medical science
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[William Anderson Soga|William Soga]] {{Abbr|†|Posthumously}}
|Silver
|2014
|Medicine and anthropology
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Namrita Lall]]
|Bronze
|2014
|Medical science
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Zwelakhe Sisulu]] {{Abbr|†|Posthumously}}
|Gold
|2016
|Journalism
|<ref name="Govza-2016">{{cite web |date=20 April 2016 |title=President Jacob Zuma bestows 2016 National Orders Awards, 28 Apr |url=http://www.gov.za/speeches/president-jacob-zuma-bestows-2016-national-orders-awards-28-apr-20-apr-2016-0000 |access-date=8 May 2016 |publisher=South African Government}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|[[Fulufhelo Nelwamondo]] 
|Silver
|2017
|Science, especially [[electrical engineering]]
|<ref name="Govza-2017">{{cite web |date=20 April 2017 |title=President Jacob Zuma bestows 2017 National Orders Awards, 28 Apr |url=http://www.gov.za/speeches/president-jacob-zuma-bestows-2017-national-orders-awards-28-apr-21-apr-2017-0000 |access-date=2 May 2017 |publisher=South African Government}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|[[Siyabulela Xuza]] 
|Silver
|2017
|Scientific innovation
|<ref name="Govza-2017" />
|-
!scope="row"|[[Edna Molewa]] {{Abbr|†|Posthumously}}
|Gold
|2019
|[[Environmental justice]]
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Malik Maaza]] 
|Silver
|2019
|[[Nano-science]]
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Ari Sitas]] 
|Silver
|2019
|Social science
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Thokozani Majozi]] 
|Bronze
|2019
|Science, especially a novel mathematical technique for near-zero-effluent batch chemical facilities which enables the [[reuse of wastewater]]
|
|-
!scope="row"|[[Aboubaker Ebrahim Dangor]] 
|Silver
|2023
|Physics
|<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=16 April 2023 |title=Announcement of the 2023 National Order Awards nominated names by Director-General of The Presidency, Phindile Baleni |url=https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/press-statements/announcement-2023-national-order-awards-nominated-names-director-general-presidency,-phindile-baleni |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=The Presidency}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|[[Vhahangwele Masindi]] 
|Silver
|2023
|Environmental sciences and water
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
!scope="row"|[[Mulalo Doyoyo]]
|Silver
|2024
|applied mechanics, ultralight materials, green building, renewable energy, and other fields of engineering
|<ref>{{cite web |last=Baleni |first=Phindile |date=23 April 2024 |title=Statement by the Chancellor of the National Orders, Director-General in The Presidency Ms Phindile Baleni on the announcement of the recipients of National Orders |url=https://thepresidency.gov.za/statement-chancellor-national-orders-director-general-presidency-ms-phindile-baleni-announcement |access-date=1 January 2025 |website=The Presidency of the Republic of South Africa}}</ref>
|}


==See also==
* [[South African civil honours]]
* [[Golden Rhinoceros of Mapungubwe]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Other sources ==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite web |title=National Orders Booklet 2002 |website=The Presidency |date=10 May 2019 |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510081954/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2002 |archive-date=10 May 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2019}}
*{{cite web |title=National Orders Booklet 2003 |website=The Presidency |date=10 May 2019 |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510081954/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2003 |archive-date=10 May 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2019}}
*{{cite web |title=National Orders Booklet 2004 |website=The Presidency |date=10 May 2019 |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510081954/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2004 |archive-date=10 May 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2019}}
*{{cite web |title=National Orders Booklet 2005 |website=The Presidency |date=10 May 2019 |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510081954/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2005 |archive-date=10 May 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2019}}
*{{cite web |title=National Orders Booklet 2006 |website=The Presidency |date=27 October 2017 |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027182025/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2006 |archive-date=27 October 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2019}}
*{{cite web |title=National Orders Booklet 2007 |website=The Presidency |date=10 May 2019 |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510081954/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2007 |archive-date=10 May 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2019}}
*{{cite web |title=National Orders Booklet 2008 |website=The Presidency |date=10 May 2019 |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510081954/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2008 |archive-date=10 May 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2019}}
*{{cite web |title=National Orders Booklet 2009 |website=The Presidency |date=10 May 2019 |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510081954/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2009 |archive-date=10 May 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2019}}
*{{cite web |title=National Orders Booklet 2010 |website=The Presidency |date=10 May 2019 |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510081954/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2010 |archive-date=10 May 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2019}}
*{{cite web |title=National Orders Booklet 2011 |website=The Presidency |date=10 May 2019 |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510081954/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2011 |archive-date=10 May 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2019}}
*{{cite web |title=National Orders Booklet 2012 |website=The Presidency |date=10 May 2019 |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510081954/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2012 |archive-date=10 May 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2019}}
*{{cite web |title=National Orders Booklet 2013 |website=The Presidency |date=10 May 2019 |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510081954/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2013 |archive-date=10 May 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2019}}
*{{cite web |title=National Orders Booklet 2014 |website=The Presidency |date=10 May 2019 |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510081954/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2014 |archive-date=10 May 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2019}}
*{{cite web |title=National Orders Booklet 2015 |website=The Presidency |date=10 May 2019 |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510081954/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2015 |archive-date=10 May 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2019}}
*{{cite web |title=National Orders Booklet 2016 |website=The Presidency |date=10 May 2019 |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510081954/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2016 |archive-date=10 May 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2019}}
*{{cite web |title=National Orders Booklet 2017 |website=The Presidency |date=10 May 2019 |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510081954/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2017 |archive-date=10 May 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2019}}
*{{cite web |title=National Orders Booklet 2018 |website=The Presidency |date=10 May 2019 |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510081954/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2018 |archive-date=10 May 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2019}}
*{{cite web |title=National Orders Booklet 2019 |website=The Presidency |date=10 May 2019 |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510081954/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/national-orders-booklet-2019 |archive-date=10 May 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2019}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/orders/index.htm/  South African government website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110708091500/http://www.hwmw.bravehost.com/ South African medals website]
* [http://www.sahistory.org.za/order-mapungubwe South African History Online]

{{South African honours system}}
{{Order of Mapungubwe}}

[[Category:Awards established in 2002]]
[[Category:2002 establishments in South Africa]]
[[Category:Orders of South Africa]]