View source for Operating Thetan

{{short description|In Scientology, an ostensibly spiritual status above Clear}}
{{use mdy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Scientology sidebar}}
In [[Scientology]], '''Operating Thetan''' ('''OT''') is a state of complete spiritual freedom in which one is a "willing and knowing cause over life, thought, matter, energy, space and time".{{r|hubbard-techdict|page=279}} The [[Church of Scientology]] offers eight "levels" of OT, each level costing thousands of US dollars.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wakefield |first=Margery |title=Understanding Scientology |publisher=Coalition of Concerned Citizens |year=1991 |location=Tampa, Florida |pages=97 |chapter=OT -- Through the Wall of Fire and Beyond |chapter-url=https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/Library/Shelf/wakefield/us-07.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19981203110501/https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/Library/Shelf/wakefield/us-07.html |archive-date=1998-12-03 |url-status=live}}</ref> Each OT level is confidential and is not revealed to anyone beforehand. In summary, the objective of these levels is to remove "[[body thetan]]s" which are "confused, disembodied souls from other planets who have attached themselves to us".{{r|lewis2016|page=18}}

== Description ==

[[File:Freewinds logo.jpg|thumb|upright|The OT symbol is incorporated into the middle of the ''[[Freewinds]]'' ship logo, among several other [[List of symbols of Scientology|Scientology symbols]]]]
The OT levels are the upper part of "[[The Bridge to Total Freedom]]", which is the set of levels within Scientology. After having removed one's own "[[reactive mind]]" and thus attaining the state of "[[Clear (Scientology)|Clear]]", Scientologists may then go on to the OT levels.{{r|thebridge}} Scientology doctrine defines OT as the "highest state there is".{{r|hubbard-techdict|page=283}} Operating Thetan is represented by a symbol consisting of the letters OT with the T inside the O and each of the points of the T ending at the O's circumference.{{r|hubbard-techdict|page=280}}

An Operating Thetan (OT) is described within Scientology as a state of godliness, and Scientologists are taught they will have godlike control over "matter, energy, space and time" (known in Scientology jargon as [[MEST (Scientology)|MEST]]).<ref name="Westbrook 2017">{{cite book |last=Westbrook |first=Donald A. |editor1-last=Lewis |editor1-first=James R. |editor2-last=Hellesoy |editor2-first=Kjersti |year=2017 |title=Handbook of Scientology |chapter=Researching Scientology and Scientologists in the United States: Methods and Conclusions |volume=Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion |publisher=Brill |isbn=9789004330542|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_dfzDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA30|pages=30–31|access-date=March 7, 2019}}</ref> Hubbard claimed that thetans were once tricked into following religions, which prevented them from using their own power to create and destroy universes.{{r|urban|pages=81–82}} The Church claims that an OT is not dependent on the physical universe, and Scientologists who have attained the highest Operating Thetan level claim that they have control over their lives and can "go exterior" from their bodies.<ref name=tampa>{{cite web |date=31 December 2009|title=Climbing The Bridge: A journey to 'Operating Thetan' |website=tampabay.com |url=http://www.tampabay.com/news/scientology/climbing-the-bridge-a-journey-to-operating-thetan/1062094 |access-date=5 April 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617115559/http://www.tampabay.com/news/scientology/climbing-the-bridge-a-journey-to-operating-thetan/1062094 |archive-date=June 17, 2018 |first=Thomas C |last=Tobin}}</ref>

According to religious scholar [[J. Gordon Melton]], "[The OT levels are] basically a variation of the [[Gnosticism|Gnostic myth]] about souls falling into matter and the encumbrances that come with that. ... In the OT [levels], you're finding out that you're a [[thetan]], that you've come into bodies before. Part of what you're trying to learn is [[exteriorization]] — how to get out of your body. You also learn that you carry a lot of encumbrances from [[Reincarnation#Scientology|past lives]]."<ref>{{cite news |last=Verini |first=James |date=2005-06-28 |title=Missionary Man: Tom Cruise and the Church of Scientology |work=[[Salon.com]] |publisher=[[Spiegel Online]] |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,362731,00.html |url-status=live |access-date=2008-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705083529/https://www.spiegel.de/international/missionary-man-tom-cruise-and-the-church-of-scientology-a-362731.html |archive-date=2012-07-05}}</ref>

While there are fifteen OT levels listed on Scientology's Classification, Gradation and Awareness Chart, the Church only offers eight.{{r|thebridge}}<ref name=tampa /> According to former Scientologist and critic of the Church [[Mike Rinder]], the promise of new levels has been used for decades to motivate church members to donate or repeat courses they have already taken in preparation. Rinder has said he doesn't believe these courses exist.<ref name="closer" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Jancelewicz |first1=Chris |title=Leah Remini reveals what happens when you reach the top of Scientology – National {{!}} Globalnews.ca |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/3721663/leah-remini-scientology-bridge-total-freedom/ |access-date=7 March 2019 |work=globalnews.ca |date=6 September 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

== Confidential materials ==

Since the 1960s when Hubbard invented the OT levels, they have been considered confidential. Those who read such documents do so in locked rooms, transport them in locked briefcases attached to their wrists, and the documents are securely locked up when not in actual use. Members are forbidden to discuss the OT levels with anyone, may not disclose the contents or procedures, and may not make copies or even notes.{{r|urban|pages=100–102}}{{r|reitman-rs}}

One must be "invited" to do the OT levels. ''OT preps'' are preparatory steps to ensure that one is ready for them, and this includes security checks (confessionals) to make certain that the person is not a security risk and will keep the confidentiality of the OT materials.{{r|wright|page=17–19}}{{r|reitman-rs}}

Scientology has been active in litigating to keep their OT levels secret. In the 1980s [[Wollersheim v. Church of Scientology|Wollersheim case]], the OT III materials were entered into evidence by Wollersheim to show how they made him psychotic, eventually getting published in the news when an agency got their hands on a copy from the courthouse. In the 1990s [[Church of Scientology International v. Fishman and Geertz|Fishman case]], the entire OT levels from I to VIII were presented, eventually leading to others obtaining them and later duplicated on the internet.{{r|urban2017|page=19}} This led to several raids of homes and offices, and lawsuits against several people who had put copies on the internet. Such acts collectively became known as [[Scientology and the Internet|Scientology versus the Internet]].

On March 24, 2008, [[WikiLeaks]] published on its website the previously secret training instructions for all eight OT levels. Three days later the law firm of [[Moxon & Kobrin]] sent a letter to Wikileaks on behalf of the Church of Scientology demanding to have the documents removed. In response, Wikileaks stated they would not comply and would instead post even more Scientology documents. The Church of Scientology failed to get the documents removed from the website.<ref name="metz">{{cite web |last=Metz |first=Cade |date=2008-04-08 |title=Scientology threatens Wikileaks with injunction |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/04/08/church_of_scientology_contacts_wikileaks/ |access-date=2008-04-10 |work=The Register}}</ref><ref>{{multiref2 |1={{Cite web| last = Kushner| first = David| title = Click and Dagger: Inside WikiLeaks' Leak Factory| work = Mother Jones| access-date = 2023-11-25| url = https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2010/06/click-and-dagger-wikileaks-julian-assange-iraq-video-updated/ |quote=Even the hyperlitigious Church of Scientology has failed to get its materials removed from the site. ... In response to Scientology's "attempted suppression," [Wikileaks] has posted even more church documents.}} |2={{Cite web| title = Scientology threatens Wikileaks over secret cult bibles - Press release |date=April 7, 2008 | access-date = 2023-11-25| url = https://wikileaks.org/wiki/Scientology_threatens_Wikileaks_over_secret_cult_bibles |quote=Wikileaks will not comply with legally abusive requests from Scientology ... Indeed, in response to the attempted suppression, Wikileaks will release several thousand pages of additional Scientology materials next week.}} |3={{Cite web |date=2008-03-24 |title=Church of Scientology collected Operating Thetan documents |url=https://www.wikileaks.org/wiki/Church_of_Scientology_collected_Operating_Thetan_documents |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080328173624/https://www.wikileaks.org/wiki/Church_of_Scientology_collected_Operating_Thetan_documents |archive-date=2008-03-28 |website=Wikileaks.org}} }}</ref>

Hugh B. Urban explores the purpose of secrecy in the Operating Thetan levels in the Church of Scientology by discussing its related controversy. He claims that secrecy is a motivating tool for Scientologists to desire to climb "The Bridge of Total Freedom," specifically to attain the level of OT VIII.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dericquebourg |first=Regis |title=Scientology: From the Edges to the Core |journal=Nova Religio |volume=20 |issue=4 |year=2017 |pages=5–12 |doi=10.1525/nr.2017.20.4.5}}</ref>

== OT levels ==

Although [[The Bridge to Total Freedom]] lists 15 OT levels above the state of Clear, only seven were released during Hubbard's lifetime,{{r|urban|page=101}} while OT VIII was released to the public in 1988, two years after Hubbard's 1986 death.{{r|rinder|page=126}}

Levels OT I through OT V can be delivered only at [[Church of Scientology]] Advanced Organizations. OT VI and OT VII can be delivered only at [[Church of Scientology Flag Service Organization|Flag Service Org]]. OT VIII can be delivered only at [[Church of Scientology#Freewinds|Flag Ship Service Org]] aboard Scientology's ship ''[[Freewinds]]''.{{r|thebridge}}{{r|rinder|page=126}}

{{anchor|OTI}}

=== OT I ===
"This Solo-audited level is the first step a Clear takes toward full OT abilities, and that first step is a fresh causative OT viewpoint of the [[MEST universe]] and other beings."<ref name="whatis">{{cite book |title=What is Scientology? (Based on the works of L. Ron Hubbard, compiled by staff of CSI) |author=Church of Scientology International |year=1998 |publisher=[[Bridge Publications]] |isbn=1-57318-122-6 |ol=16726573M |pages=676–677 }}</ref> The cost to move to level OT I was $2,750 as of 2013.<ref name=wakefield>{{cite book |title=Understanding Scientology : The Demon Cult |chapter=Chapter 7 : OT — Through the Wall of Fire and Beyond |url=https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/Library/Shelf/wakefield/us-07.html |access-date=12 February 2013 |first=Margery |last=Wakefield |date=February 24, 2010 |author-link=Margery Wakefield |isbn=978-0-557-10926-5 |via=[[David S. Touretzky]] }}</ref>

{{anchor|OTII}}

=== OT II ===
"By confronting hidden areas of one's existence on the whole track [that is, by confronting past incarnations], vast amounts of energy and attention are released. Those on this Solo-audited level experience a resurgence of self-determinism and native ability. OT II unlocks the aberrative factors on the whole track that have allowed the thetan to lose his innate freedom and ability and one achieves the ability to confront the whole track."<ref name="whatis" /> The cost to move from OT I to OT II was $5,225 as of 2013.<ref name="wakefield" />

{{anchor|OTIII}}

=== OT III: Wall of Fire ===
{{See also|Xenu}}

Media attention has mostly focused on Operating Thetan Level III, which reportedly tells the history of the universe from 75 million years ago. This level is called the "First Wall of Fire" and claims to "reveal the cause of earthly human suffering". It is claimed that even Hubbard himself had difficulty attaining it.{{r|urban2017|page=18}}

Hubbard announced discovering an important breakthrough within less than a month of founding the [[Sea Org]], the religious order of the church that consists of its most dedicated members. He described it as a "means of erasing those mental factors that stand in the way of peace and toleration of mankind". The new material made up the new Operating Thetan III.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=James R. |year=2009 |title=Scientology |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-533149-3 |page=2009|title-link=Scientology (James R. Lewis book) }}</ref>

"This Solo-audited level goes through what is called the 'Wall of Fire' that surrounds a previously impenetrable whole track mystery. What prevents a being from being himself? This level answers that question. Once complete, a being is free of the whole track overwhelm that has trapped him. Here he confronts and eradicates the [[Scientology beliefs and practices#The eight dynamics|fourth dynamic]] engram that has plagued this universe for millennia."<ref name="whatis" /> The cost to move from OT II to OT III was $8,910 as of 2013.<ref name="wakefield" />

Church dogma regards OT III as a dangerous process which can lead to [[pneumonia]], [[lack of sleep]] or even death if not run correctly. In ''Church of Scientology of California v. Kaufman'', it was noted that the defendant had been required to sign a waiver to the effect that "the Scientology Organization, its branches and members, and L. Ron Hubbard are not responsible for anything that might happen to my body or mind on OT III".<ref>''Church of Scientology of California v. Kaufman'', [1972] F.S.R. 591 per [[Reginald Goff|Goff J]] – in the Chancery Division of the High Court</ref>

Within OT III is the secret doctrine of the church. Members must be invited to "do it", and they sign a contract of secrecy.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hellesøy |first=Kjersti |title=Controversial New Religions |title-link=Controversial New Religions |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-19-515682-9 |editor-last=Lewis |editor-first=James R. |editor-link=James R. Lewis (scholar) |edition=2nd |location=New York |language=en |chapter=Scientology: The Making of a Religion |editor-last2=Petersen |editor-first2=Jesper Aa. |page=261}}</ref>{{r|reitman-rs}}

{{anchor|OTIV}}

=== OT IV: OT Drug Rundown ===
"This level handles the hidden problems and stops in a being's universe caused by the effects of drugs and poisons on the whole track. This is the final polish that rids one of any last vestige of the effects of drugs on the spirit. Ministered at Advanced Organizations or [[Flag Building|Flag]]. Approximately 12½ to 25 hours."<ref name="whatis" />

{{anchor|NOTs}}{{anchor|OTV}}

=== OT V: Audited New Era Dianetics for OTs (NOTs) ===
"The Second Wall of Fire consists of 26 separate [[rundown (Scientology)|rundowns]] and has been described as dealing with 'living lightning, the very stuff of life itself.' This level addresses the last aspects of one's case that can prevent him from achieving total freedom on all [[Scientology beliefs and practices#The eight dynamics|dynamics]]. An audited level ministered at Advanced Organizations or [[Flag Building|Flag]]. Approximately 50 hours."<ref name="whatis" />

{{anchor|OTVI}}

=== OT VI: Solo NOTs Auditing Course ===
"The training one receives before starting to solo audit on New OT VII is so powerful that it actually constitutes an entire OT level. On Solo NOTs one is dealing with complexities intended to crush one's true power and abilities as a thetan. Solo NOTs auditors acquire a wide range of auditing skills to handle the vast phenomena that can occur on OT VIII. Approximately 3–4 weeks with the new Solo Auditor Course done."<ref name="whatis" />

{{anchor|OTVII}}

=== OT VII: Solo NOTs ===
"On New OT VII one solo audits at home daily. This is a lengthy level, requiring a considerable amount of time to complete. It is the final pre-OT level, and culminates in attainment of the state of CAUSE OVER LIFE."<ref name="whatis" />

{{anchor|OTVIII}}

=== OT VIII: Truth Revealed ===
{{Main|OT VIII}}
{{quote frame|align=right|width=25%|text=Many who had spent decades and hundreds of thousands of dollars to reach the pinnacle of the scientology Bridge were so disgusted when they finally got there that it was the last thing they did in scientology.{{r|rinder|page=126}}|author=Mike Rinder}}

OT VIII is the highest level in Scientology, and is only offered  aboard the ''[[Freewinds]]'' ship.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/03/world/scientology-cruise-ship/index.html|title = Here's what happens on Scientology's cruise ship, the Freewinds. It sounds pretty intense|website = [[CNN]]|date = 3 May 2019 |first=Daniel |last=Burke}}</ref> It supposedly reveals "the ultimate secret of Hubbard's teachings".{{r|urban2017|page=19}}

The original version of OT VIII was released in 1988 and was authored by Hubbard himself, while a second "revised" version was released in 1991 by an unnamed editor. Both versions were released after [[L. Ron Hubbard]]'s death. The original contains a Doomsday Prophecy that the [[Galactic Confederacy]] will return soon and telepathically enslave the universe but Hubbard wrote that he will [[Reincarnation|return after his death]] and in a [[Messiah]]-like role "halt a series of events designed to make happy slaves of us all".<ref name="fishmanotviii">{{multiref2 |1=[[Fishman Affidavit]]. US District Court, Central District of California. Fishman Case No 91-6426 HLH (Tx). |2={{cite web |url=https://www.spaink.net/fishman/ot8b.html |first=L. Ron |last=Hubbard |author-link=L. Ron Hubbard |title=HCOB 5 May 1980 I, OT VIII Series I : Confidential : Student Briefing (Fishman Exhibit, OT VIII) |date=5 May 1980 |via=[[Karin Spaink]]}} |3={{cite web |url=https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/Fishman/Declaration/ot8b.html |title=Alternative link |via=[[David S. Touretzky]]}} }}</ref> Early participants in this version balked at it and the church subsequently revised it into its current form. The church initially stated the original version found in the [[Fishman Affidavit]] is a forgery but later admitted it was copyrighted by the church thus establishing authenticity. The revised version they currently use also has an editor's note that states "it is not the original".<ref>{{Cite web|title=UP THE BRIDGE: We finally reach 'OT 8' — but was its first version really a hoax? |website=[[The Underground Bunker]]|url=https://tonyortega.org/2014/06/24/up-the-bridge-we-finally-reach-ot-8-but-was-its-first-version-really-a-hoax/|access-date=2021-06-13 |first=Tony |last=Ortega |author-link=Tony Ortega}}</ref>

The revised version is completely redacted from the original and states "This Solo-audited level addresses the primary cause of amnesia on the whole track and lets one see the truth of his own existence. This is the first actual OT level and brings about a resurgence of power and native abilities for the being himself. This may be done at the Flag Ship Service Organization."

According to interviews performed by [[Mike Rinder]], Scientologists have described OT VIII as "less than overwhelming".{{r|rinder|page=126}}

=== OT IX to OT X ===

Since 1986, Church of Scientology leader [[David Miscavige]] has dangled the hope of OT IX and X being released in the near future, pending certain conditions, which have shifted over time. It has been widely reported that Hubbard never wrote OT IX and above; therefore, those levels do not exist.<ref name="closer">{{cite web |title=New OT IX & X Are Closer Than You Think |date=October 4, 2015 |first=Mike |last=Rinder |author-link=Mike Rinder |website=mikerindersblog.org |access-date=May 24, 2023 |url=https://www.mikerindersblog.org/new-ot-ix-x-are-closer-than-you-think/}}</ref>{{r|reitman|page=153}}{{r|rinder|pages=126–127}}{{r|wright|page=Ch.5|quote=Chapter 5: Dropping the Body; Rathbun’s team found more files, but not what they wanted. Rathbun eventually came to the conclusion that there were no further OT levels—no OT IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV—it was all a bluff on [Pat] Broeker’s part, a lie that the church would have to live with, since the levels had been so publicly announced.}}

== Cleared Theta Clear ==

Beyond the attainment of the state of Operating Thetan is that of Cleared Theta Clear, which Hubbard describes as such:
{{Blockquote|A thetan who is completely rehabilitated and can do everything a thetan should do, such as move MEST and control others from a distance, or create his own universe; a person who is able to create his own universe or, living in the MEST universe is able to create illusions perceivable by others at will, to handle MEST universe objects without mechanical means and to have and feel no need of bodies or even the MEST universe to keep himself and his friends interested in existence.|L. Ron Hubbard|''Scientology 8-8008'', p. 114 (1st ed), p. 151 (1990 ed.)}}

== Criticism ==

A growing number of former Scientologists have made public allegations that the church encourages its members to complete very expensive courses and expect wonderful results; when the improvements fail to happen, further courses are then promoted to facilitate the anticipated changes. Criticism stems from a pattern of cycles wherein members continue to pay increasing amounts for these courses, while some even put their families into debt chasing the elusive life-changing results under the stewardship of the church.{{r|atack|at=Chapter 3}}

=== Legal issues and copyright ===

In March 2008, [[WikiLeaks]] leaked the [[Church of Scientology]]'s ''Operating Thetan'' documents.<ref>[[n:Church of Scientology's 'Operating Thetan' documents leaked online]]</ref> The Church of Scientology portrayed hosting the documentation as a copyright violation implying that the collection is Church doctrine. A court found that it was legal to download, use, read, and practice these teachings outside the Church.<ref name="metz" />{{Failed verification|date=November 2023|reason=Incorrect source; find another.}}

In 1997, [[Scientology and the Internet#Notable legal actions|Zenon Panoussis]], a resident of Sweden, sent copies of NOTs documents to various government authorities, thereby making the documents public according to the Swedish principle of public access to official records. The Church of Scientology responded by ordering members to continuously borrow the available copies in order to prevent non-members from reading them. The Church of Scientology also sued Panoussis for copyright infringement, since he had made the documents available online without authorization.<ref>{{cite web |last=Macavinta |first=Courtney
|date=30 March 1999 |title=Scientologists settle legal battle |publisher=CNet News |url=http://news.cnet.com/Scientologists-settle-legal-battle/2100-1023_3-223683.html |access-date=12 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103052054/http://news.cnet.com/Scientologists-settle-legal-battle/2100-1023_3-223683.html |archive-date=3 November 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

A similar incident occurred during the 1980s, during the trial of ''[[Wollersheim v. Church of Scientology]]''. When the OT III documents had been entered into evidence, 1,500 Scientologists crammed the courthouse in an attempt to block public access to the documents by each requesting to photocopy them, thus overwhelming the clerk's office so no one else could access them.{{r|atack|pages=350, 356–357}}{{r|wright|pages=178-179}}

== See also ==
* [[Body thetan]]

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name="atack">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/pieceofblueskysc00atac/ |title=A Piece of Blue Sky: Scientology, Dianetics and L. Ron Hubbard Exposed |first=Jon |last=Atack |author-link=Jon Atack |date=1990 |publisher=[[Lyle Stuart]] Books |isbn=0-8184-0499-X |ol=9429654M}}</ref>

<ref name="hubbard-techdict">{{cite book |title=Dianetics and Scientology Technical Dictionary |first=L. Ron |last=Hubbard |author-link=L. Ron Hubbard |publisher=[[Church of Scientology]] |isbn=0-88404-037-2 |ol=5254386M |year=1975}}</ref>

<ref name="lewis2016">{{Cite journal| issn = 0029-5973| volume = 63| issue = 1| pages = 6–11| last = Lewis| first = James R. |author-link=James R. Lewis (scholar) | title = Scientology: Religious Studies Approaches| journal = Numen| date = 2016| doi = 10.1163/15685276-12341405| url = https://www.jstor.org/stable/24644837| jstor = 24644837| url-access = subscription}}</ref>

<ref name="reitman">{{cite book |last=Reitman |first=Janet |author-link=Janet Reitman |title=Inside Scientology: The Story of America's Most Secretive Religion |title-link=Inside Scientology: The Story of America's Most Secretive Religion |date=2011 |isbn=978-0-618-88302-8 |ol=24881847M |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]] }}</ref>

<ref name=reitman-rs>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/inside-scientology-103288/ |title=Inside Scientology |date=February 23, 2006 |first=Janet |last=Reitman |author-link=Janet Reitman |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502021124/https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/inside-scientology-20110208 |archive-date=May 2, 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="rinder">{{cite book |title=A Billion Years: My Escape From a Life in the Highest Ranks of Scientology |first=Mike |last=Rinder |author-link=Mike Rinder |year=2022 |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |isbn=978-1-982185-76-3}}</ref>

<ref name=thebridge>{{cite web |url=http://www.whatisscientology.org/html/Part02/Chp06/pg0181_1.html |title=The Bridge to Total Freedom : Scientology Classification Gradation and Awareness Chart of Levels and Certificates |type=Chart |publisher=[[Church of Scientology]]}}</ref>

<ref name="urban">{{cite book|last=Urban|first=Hugh B. |author-link=Hugh Urban |title=The Church of Scientology: A History of a New Religion |title-link=The Church of Scientology: A History of a New Religion |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-691-14608-9}}</ref>

<ref name="urban2017">{{Cite journal| issn = 1092-6690| volume = 20| issue = 4| pages = 13–36| last = Urban| first = Hugh B. |author-link=Hugh Urban | title = "The Third Wall of Fire": Scientology and the Study of Religious Secrecy| journal = [[Nova Religio]]| date = 2017| doi = 10.1525/nr.2017.20.4.13| url = https://www.jstor.org/stable/26417719| jstor = 26417719| url-access = subscription}}</ref>

<ref name="wright">{{cite book |last=Wright |first=Lawrence |author-link=Lawrence Wright |title=Going Clear: Scientology, Hollywood and the Prison of Belief |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-307-70066-7 |ol=25424776M |title-link=Going Clear (book)}}</ref>

}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite web |last1=Sappell |first1=Joel |last2=Welkos |first2= Robert W. |date= 1990-06-24 |title= Defining the Theology |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url= https://www.latimes.com/local/la-scientologysidea062490-story.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100602090014/http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-scientologysidea062490%2C0%2C7631220%2Cfull.story |url-status= live |archive-date=June 2, 2010 |access-date=2008-10-26}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web
  | title = Operating Thetan levels
  | work = A description of the OT levels
  | url= http://www.whatisscientology.org/html/Part03/Chp13/pg0247.html
  | publisher = [[Church of Scientology]]}}
* [https://wikileaks.org/wiki/Church_of_Scientology_collected_Operating_Thetan_documents Full documents]
* {{cite web
  | title = What is meant by Operating Thetan or OT?
  | work = An answer to a commonly asked question
  | url= http://www.scientology.org/faq/operating-thetan/what-is-ot.html
  | publisher = [[Church of Scientology]]}}
* [http://www.xenu.net/archive/ot/ Summary of Operating Thetan levels 1-8]
* [http://www.spaink.net/fishman/home.html The Fishman Affidavit]

{{Scientology}}

[[Category:Scientology beliefs and practices]]