View source for Open front rounded vowel

{{Short description|Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɶ⟩ in IPA}}
{{hatnote group|
{{redirect-distinguish|ɶ|Œ}}
{{other uses|oe (disambiguation)}}
}}
{{Infobox IPA
|ipa symbol  = ɶ
|ipa number  = 312
|decimal     = 630
|x-sampa     = &
|imagefile   = IPA Unicode 0x0276.svg
|imagesize   = 150px
|braille     = in
|braille2    = ow
}}
{{IPA vowels|class=floatright}}

The ('''near-''')'''open front rounded vowel''', or ('''near-''')'''low front rounded vowel''',<ref>{{Vowel terminology}}</ref> is a type of [[vowel]] sound that has not been confirmed to be [[phonemic]] in any [[Speech communication|spoken]] [[language]].{{sfnp|Jones|1956|p=15}}<ref>{{harvp|Wells|1975|p=52}}: "Although it may seldom or never be needed for phonemic transcription, I feel that for completeness' sake, and to fill an awkward gap in our vowel chart, we should recognize this symbol for an open front rounded vowel."</ref> The symbol in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|ɶ}}, a [[small capital]] {{angbr|[[Œ]]}}. {{angbr IPA|œ}}, the lowercase of the ligature, is used for the [[open-mid front rounded vowel]].

While the IPA chart lists it as a fully open vowel, the rounded equivalent of {{IPA|[a]}},{{sfnp|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=290}} characterizes it as near-open, the rounded equivalent of {{IPA|[æ]}}.

A phoneme generally transcribed by this symbol is reported from the [[Bavarian language|Bavarian]] [[Amstetten dialect|dialect of Amstetten]]. However, it is phonetically [[Open-mid vowel|open-mid]], {{IPAblink|œ}}.<ref>{{harvp|Traunmüller|1982}}, cited in {{Harvp|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=290}}</ref>

It occurs allophonically in Weert Limburgish<ref name="hg">{{Harvp|Heijmans|Gussenhoven|1998|p=110}}</ref> as well as in some speakers of [[Danish language|Danish]]<ref name="bas46">{{Harvp|Basbøll|2005|p=46}}</ref> and [[Swedish language|Swedish]].<ref name="Riad38">{{harvp|Riad|2014|p=38}}</ref> Certain transcriptions of [[Danish language|Danish]] use {{angbr IPA|ɶ}} to denote an ''open-mid'' front rounded vowel {{IPAblink|œ}}.<ref name="bas46"/>

In [[Maastrichtian Limburgish]], the vowel transcribed with {{angbr IPA|ɶː}} in the [https://www.mestreechtertaol.nl/home Mestreechter Taol] dictionary is phonetically near-open central {{IPAblink|ɐ̹ː}}. It is a phonological open-mid front rounded vowel, the long counterpart of {{IPA|/œ/}}.<ref>{{Harvp|Gussenhoven|Aarts|1999|pp=159, 161–162, 164}}</ref>

{{Harvp|Riad|2014}} reports that {{IPA|[ɶː]}} in Stockholm Swedish is sometimes difficult to distinguish from {{IPAblink|ɒː}}, which is the main realization of the {{IPA|/ɑː/}} phoneme, a sign that both vowels are phonetically very close.<ref name="Riad38"/>

==Features==
{{open vowel}}
{{front vowel}}
{{rounded vowel}}

==Occurrence==
{| class="wikitable" style="clear: both;"
! colspan=2 | Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]!! Meaning !! Notes
|-
| [[Danish language|Danish]] || Some speakers<ref name="bas46"/> || {{lang|da|[[Danish alphabet|gr'''ø'''n]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈkʁɶ̝nˀ]}} || 'green' || Near-open;{{sfnp|Grønnum|1998|p=100}} allophone of {{IPA|/ø/}} between {{IPA|/ʁ/}} and {{IPA|/v/}} as well as an allophone of {{IPA|/œ/}} between {{IPA|/ʁ/}} and a nasal.{{sfnp|Grønnum|2005|p=288}} Other speakers pronounce it the same as {{IPAblink|œ}}.<ref name="bas46"/> See [[Danish phonology]]
|-
| [[Limburgish language|Limburgish]] || Weert dialect<ref name="hg"/> || {{lang|li|b'''u'''i}} || {{IPA|[bɶj]}} || 'shower' || Allophone of {{IPA|/œ/}} before {{IPA|/j/}}.<ref name="hg"/> See [[Weert dialect phonology]]
|-
| [[Swedish language|Swedish]] || Stockholm<ref name="Riad38"/><!--Probably more widespread, cf. Pelzer & Boersma 2017 p.24--> || {{lang|sv|[[Swedish alphabet|'''ö'''ra]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈɶ̂ːra̠]}} || 'ear' || Pre-{{IPA|/r/}} allophone of {{IPA|/øː/}} (sometimes also {{IPA|/œ/}}) for younger speakers.<ref name="Riad38"/><!--Perrson (2024) included Stockholm people up to 44y.o. and still found an overwhelming majority of open realisations plus our local legend Peter Isotalo (b. 1980) seems to allost only have the "openest" allophone (e.g. sv-öra.ogg on Commons). It'd thus be worth checking the publication date of the sources of Riad, as youngsters tend to grow old.--> An acoustic study by {{harvtxt|Persson|2024}} points instead to an open-mid central allophone,{{sfnp|Perrson|2024|at=Fig. 1, 7}} e.g. {{audio|sv-öra.ogg|öra}}. Open-mid {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|œː}}, {{IPAplink|œ}}]}} for older speakers.<ref name="Riad38"/> See [[Swedish phonology]]
|}

==See also==
* [[Index of phonetics articles]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|30em}}

==References==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{citation
|last=Basbøll
|first=Hans
|author-link=Hans Basbøll
|year=2005
|title=The Phonology of Danish
|publisher=Taylor & Francis
|isbn=0-203-97876-5
}}
* {{citation
|last=Grønnum
|first=Nina
|year=1998
|title=Danish
|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
|volume=28
|issue=1–2
|pages=99–105
|doi=10.1017/S0025100300006290
|s2cid=249412109
}}
* {{citation
|last=Grønnum
|first=Nina
|year=2005
|title=Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk
|edition=3rd
|publisher=Akademisk Forlag
|place=Copenhagen
|isbn=87-500-3865-6
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9RtCAgAAQBAJ
}}
* {{citation
|last1=Gussenhoven
|first1=Carlos
|last2=Aarts
|first2=Flor
|year=1999
|title=The dialect of Maastricht
|publisher=University of Nijmegen, Centre for Language Studies
|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
|volume=29
|issue=2
|pages=155–166
|doi=10.1017/S0025100300006526
|s2cid=145782045
|url=http://gep.ruhosting.nl/carlos/gussenhoven_aarts.pdf
|access-date=2022-02-18
|archive-date=2017-10-11
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011044945/http://gep.ruhosting.nl/carlos/gussenhoven_aarts.pdf
|url-status=dead
}}
* {{citation
|last1=Heijmans
|first1=Linda
|last2=Gussenhoven
|first2=Carlos
|year=1998
|title=The Dutch dialect of Weert
|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
|volume=28
|issue=1–2
|pages=107–112
|doi=10.1017/S0025100300006307
|s2cid=145635698
|url=http://gep.ruhosting.nl/carlos/weert.pdf
|access-date=2015-10-25
|archive-date=2016-03-04
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034049/http://gep.ruhosting.nl/carlos/weert.pdf
|url-status=dead
}}
*{{citation
|last=Jones
|first=Daniel
|author-link=Daniel Jones (phonetician)
|year=1956
|title=Cardinal Vowels Spoken by Daniel Jones: Text of Records with Explanatory Notes by Professor Jones
|location=London
|publisher=Linguaphone Institute
|url=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-streaming.ri-prod/9781444183092/cardinal.pdf
|quote=This cardinal sound is not known to occur in any language.
|quote-page=15
}}
* {{SOWL}}
* {{citation
|first=Anna |last=Persson
|year=2024 
|title=The acoustic characteristics of Swedish vowels 
|journal=Phonetica |volume=81 |issue=6 
|pages=599–643 
|doi=10.1515/phon-2024-0011 |pmid=39443329
|doi-access=free
}}
* {{Citation
|last=Riad
|first=Tomas
|year=2014
|title=The Phonology of Swedish
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|isbn=978-0-19-954357-1
}}
* {{citation
|last=Traunmüller
|first=Hartmut
|year=1982
|title=Vokalismus in der westniederösterreichischen Mundart.
|journal=Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik
|volume=2
|pages=289–333
}}
* {{citation
|last=Wells
|first=J. C.
|author-link=John C. Wells
|year=1975
|title=The Association's Alphabet
|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
|volume=5
|issue=2
|pages=52–58
|doi=10.1017/S0025100300001274
|jstor=44525810
}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* {{phoible|ɶ}}

{{IPA navigation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Open Front Rounded Vowel}}
[[Category:Open vowels]]
[[Category:Front vowels]]
[[Category:Rounded vowels]]