View source for Open-mid central rounded vowel

{{Short description|Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɞ⟩ in IPA}}
{{Infobox IPA
|ipa symbol=ɞ
|ipa number=395
|decimal=606
|x-sampa=3\
|kirshenbaum=O"
|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x025E.svg
|imagesize=150px
|braille=236
|braille2=ar
}}
{{IPA vowels|class=floatright}}
[[File:Spectrogram of open-mid central rounded vowel (IPA ɞ).png|thumb|Spectrogram of {{IPA|[ɞ]}}]]

The '''open-mid central rounded vowel''', or '''low-mid central rounded vowel''',<ref>{{Vowel terminology}}</ref> is a [[vowel]] sound, used in some [[Speech communication|spoken]] [[language]]s. The symbol in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|ɞ}}, and the equivalent [[X-SAMPA]] symbol is <code>3\</code>. The symbol is called ''closed reversed [[epsilon]]''. It was added to the IPA in 1993; before that, this vowel was transcribed {{angbr IPA|ɔ̈}}.

IPA charts were first published with this vowel transcribed as a closed epsilon, {{angbr IPA|ʚ}} (that is, a closed variant of {{angbr IPA|ɛ}}, much as the high-mid vowel letter {{angbr IPA|ɵ}} is a closed variant of {{angbr IPA|e}}), and this variant made its way into Unicode as {{unichar|029a|LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED OPEN E}}. The IPA charts were later changed to the current closed reversed epsilon {{angbr IPA|ɞ}}, and this was adopted into Unicode as {{unichar|025e|LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED REVERSED OPEN E}}.<!--It's widely reported that the initial letter, the closed epsilon, was an error on the part of the IPA. However, the sources that the IPA based the letter on did indeed use that form. It's possible that the only error was a later assumption that the IPA had made an error, or it may simply be that people later decided they preferred a different form of the letter. It's difficult to find sources on this written by people who actually know what they're talking about, rather than just repeating a chain of unsubstantiated claims, so for WP it's best (for now at least) to not call either form an 'error'.-->

== Features ==
{{open-mid vowel}}
{{central vowel}}
{{rounded vowel}}

== Occurrence ==
{| class="wikitable" style="clear: both;"
! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]!! Meaning !! Notes
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Afrikaans]]{{sfnp|Wissing|2012|p=711}}|| {{lang|af|[[Afrikaans alphabet|l'''u'''g]]}} || {{IPA|[lɞχ]}} || 'air' || Also been described as mid {{IPAblink|ɞ̝}}, typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|œ}}. Many speakers merge {{IPA|/œ/}} with {{IPA|/ə/}}, even in formal speech.{{sfnp|Wissing|2016|loc=section "The rounded and unrounded mid-central vowels"}} See [[Afrikaans phonology]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[English language|English]] || [[Irish English|Irish]]{{sfnp|Wells|1982|p=422}} || ''[[English orthography|m'''u'''nch]]'' || {{IPA|[mɞnt̠͡ʃ]}} || 'munch' || Corresponds to {{IPAblink|ʌ}} in other varieties. See [[English phonology]]
|-
| [[New Zealand English|New Zealand]]{{sfnp|Bauer|Warren|Bardsley|Kennedy|2007|p=98}} || ''[[English orthography|n'''o'''t]]'' || {{IPA|[nɞʔt]}} || 'not' || Possible realization of {{IPA|/ɒ/}}.{{sfnp|Bauer|Warren|Bardsley|Kennedy|2007|p=98}} See [[New Zealand English phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Faroese language|Faroese]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Peterson|2000}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt|Árnason|2011|p=76}}</ref> || {{lang|fo|[[Faroese orthography|h'''ø'''gur]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈhɞːʋʊɹ]}} || 'high' || Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|øː}}. See [[Faroese phonology]]
|-
| [[French language|French]] || Parisian{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2013|p=225}} || {{lang|fr|[[French orthography|p'''o'''rt]]}} || {{audio-IPA|LL-Q150 (fra)-Aemines2-port.wav|[pɞːꭓ]}} || 'port', 'harbour' || Described variously as an allophone of {{IPA|/ɔ/}} before {{IPA|/ʁ/}}{{sfnp|Fougeron|Smith|1993|p=73}} and as the default allophone of {{IPA|/ɔ/}}.{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2013|p=225}} See [[French phonology]]
|-
|[[German language|German]]
|[[Chemnitz dialect]]{{sfnp|Khan|Weise|2013|p=236}}
|{{lang|de|W'''o'''nne}}
|{{IPA|[ˈv̞ɞnə]}}
|'bliss'
|May be transcribed as {{angbr IPA|ɞ̝}} though {{angbr IPA|ɞ}} is typically used.{{sfnp|Khan|Weise|2013|p=236}}
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Irish language|Irish]] || {{lang|ga|[[Irish orthography|t'''omha'''il]]}} || {{IPA|[t̪ˠɞːlʲ]}}|| 'consume' (imp.)|| See [[Irish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Kashubian language|Kashubian]]||{{lang|csb|[[Kashubian alphabet|pt'''ô'''ch]]}}||{{IPA|[ptɞx]}}||'bird'|| 
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Koyukon language|Koyukon]]
|''-'''ʉ'''ghdonaanh'' 
|{{IPA|[ɞɣtɔːnæːn̥]}}
|'son-in-law'
|
|-
| [[Limburgish]]|| [[Maastrichtian dialect|Maastrichtian]]{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|Aarts|1999|pp=159, 161–162}} || {{lang|li|l'''ui'''}} || {{IPA|[lɞː]}} || 'lazy' || Allophone of {{IPA|/œy/}} in words with Accent 2. May be slightly diphthongal {{IPA|[ɞɵ]}} itself. It contrasts with the near-open {{IPAblink|ɐ̹ː}} in words with Accent 2 ({{IPA|[ɐ̹ː]}} itself is always toneless).{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|Aarts|1999|pp=159, 161–162, 164}} It may be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|œː}}, as it is a phonological front vowel.
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Mortlockese language|Mortlockese]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mortlockese dictionary.pdf |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Z8DmDAS0pt5piuUPmydwcgns6lh_CCbI/view |access-date=2024-11-13 |website=Google Docs}}</ref>
|''m'''é'''r''
|{{IPA|[mɞr]}}
|'to sleep'
|Phonemic vowel.
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Mwerlap language|Mwerlap]]<ref>François ([[#AF-vowels|2005]]: 445, 460).</ref>||{{lang|mrm|N̄w'''ë'''rlap}}||{{IPA|[ŋʷɞrˈlap]}}||'[[Merelava]]'|| 
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Navajo language|Navajo]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|McDonough|Ladefoged|George|1993}}. The authors gave a narrow transcription of {{IPA|[ɵ]}}, though at the time the IPA had only this one symbol for a mid central rounded vowel, and it is clear from the discussion and formant charts that this vowel a centralized open-mid vowel.</ref>|| {{lang|nv|ts'''o'''sts’id}} ||{{IPA|[tsʰɞstsˈɪt]}}||'seven'|| See [[Navajo phonology]]
|-
| Northern Tiwa || [[Taos dialect]] || {{lang|twf|ącut'u'''o'''nbo}} || {{IPA|[ʔãˌtʃʊt̚ːˈʔuɞnbɑ]}} || 'his-garment-around' || Allophone of {{IPA|/ɑ/}}. See [[Taos phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Panará language|Panará]]{{Sfnp|Vasconcelos|2013|p=|pp=182,183}}
|colspan=2 align=center| {{IPA|[kɾə'kɞ]}}
|'trousers'
|Contrasts with {{IPA|[ə]}}.{{Sfnp|Vasconcelos|2013|p=182}}
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Poitevin dialect|Poitevin]]{{cn|date=March 2024}} || {{lang|mis|'''o''' doune}} || {{IPA|[ɞ dun]}} ||'he gives'||
|-
| [[West Frisian language|West Frisian]] || Southwestern dialects<ref name="hh">{{Harvcoltxt|Hoekstra|2003|p=202}}, citing {{Harvcoltxt|Hof|1933|p=14}}</ref> || {{lang|fy|b'''oa'''re}} || {{IPA|[ˈbɞːrə]}} || 'tomcat' || Corresponds to {{IPA|[wa]}} in other dialects.<ref name="hh"/> See [[West Frisian phonology]]
|}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== References ==
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{{Refend}}

==External links==
* {{phoible|ɞ}}

{{IPA navigation}}

[[Category:Open-mid vowels]]
[[Category:Central vowels]]
[[Category:Rounded vowels]]