View source for Oden

{{short description|Japanese hot pot dish}}
{{Other uses}}
{{more references|date=October 2021}}
{{Italic title|reason=[[:Category:Japanese words and phrases]]}}
{{Infobox prepared food
| name             = ''Oden''
| image            = Yataioden.jpg
| image_size       = 300px
| caption          = Oden stewing at an oden stall
| alternate_name   = 
| country          =Japan
| region           = 
| creator          = 
| course           = 
| type             = [[Soup]]
| served           = 
| main_ingredient  = Boiled [[Egg (food)|eggs]], [[daikon]], [[konjac]], [[fishcake]]s, [[soy sauce|soy]]-flavored [[dashi]] [[broth]]
| variations       = 
| calories         = 
| other            = 
}}
[[File:Oden-atshop-dec-2015.webm|thumb|Various oden stewing in broth]]

'''''Oden''''' ({{linktext|おでん}} or {{linktext|御田}}) is a type of [[nabemono]] ([[Japan]]ese one-pot [[dish (food)|dish]]es) consisting of several ingredients such as boiled [[egg (food)|eggs]], [[daikon]] or [[konjac]], and processed [[fish ball]]s stewed in a light, [[soy sauce|soy]]-flavored [[dashi]] [[broth]]. 

Oden was originally what is now commonly called ''{{Ill|miso dengaku|ja|味噌田楽}}'' or simply ''dengaku''; konjac (こんにゃく, ''konnyaku'') or [[tofu]] was boiled and eaten with [[miso]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Tsuji |first=Shizuo |title=Japanese Cooking: A Simple Art |publisher=Kodansha International |year=1980 |isbn=9780870113994}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite book |author=Michael Ashkenazi; Jeanne Jacob |title=Food Culture in Japan |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=2003 |isbn=9780313324383}}</ref> Later, instead of using miso, ingredients were cooked in dashi, and oden became popular. Ingredients vary according to region and between each household. [[Karashi]] is often used as a condiment.

Oden is often sold from [[Yatai (retail)|food carts]], though some [[izakaya]]s and several [[Convenience store#Japan|convenience store]] chains also serve it, and dedicated oden restaurants exist. Many different varieties are sold, with single-ingredient dishes sometimes as cheap as 100&nbsp;[[yen]]. While it is usually considered a winter food,<ref name=itoh>{{citation |last=Itoh |first=Makiko |title='Oden': Japan's traditional winter fast food | newspaper=[[The Japan Times]] |date=January 20, 2017 |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2017/01/20/food/japans-traditional-winter-fast-food/#.XUTlFDfYpvM}}</ref> some carts and restaurants offer oden year-round. Many of these restaurants keep their broth as a [[master stock]], replenishing it as it simmers to let the flavor deepen and develop over many months and years.<ref name="Davelle">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/07/dining/davelle-review-lower-east-side.html|title=At Davelle, a Son of Hokkaido Puts Luxury in Reach|last1=Mishan|first1=Ligaya|date=7 June 2018|newspaper=New York Times|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref>

Oden is represented in Unicode as an emoji at code point U+1F362: 🍢

== Regional variations ==
=== Japan ===
In [[Nagoya]], it may be called {{nihongo4||関東煮|Kantō-ni}} and [[soy sauce]] is used as a dipping sauce.
[[Miso]] oden is simmered in [[hatchō miso]] broth, which tastes lightly sweet. [[Konjac]] and [[tofu]] are common ingredients.

In the [[Kansai]] area, this dish is sometimes called {{nihongo4||関東炊き|Kanto-daki}} and tends to be more strongly flavored than the lighter [[Kantō region|Kantō]] version.<ref>{{cite web| script-title=ja:関西ではなぜおでんを「関東煮」と呼ぶのか？ |trans-title=Why Oden is called 'Kanto-ni' in Kansai? |publisher=Nikkei |date=February 2, 2013 |language=ja |url=http://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXNASJB24041_V20C13A1AA2P00/ }}</ref>

[[Shizuoka oden]] uses a dark-colored broth flavored with beef stock and dark soy sauce, and all ingredients are skewered. Dried and ground fish (sardine, mackerel, or [[katsuobushi]]) and [[aonori]] powder are sprinkled on top before eating.

[[Udon]] restaurants in [[Kagawa Prefecture]] in [[Shikoku]] almost always offer oden as a side dish, to be eaten with sweet miso while waiting for udon.

<gallery widths="150px" heights="150px" mode="packed">
File:Oden 001.jpg|Typical oden ingredients
File:Oden (8479172244).jpg
File:Riki (16038996438).jpg
File:Oden (3510523345).jpg
File:Sumpu-jou park Oden shop.jpg|Oden store at [[Sunpu Castle|Sunpu Castle Park]] in [[Shizuoka (city)|Shizuoka City]]
</gallery>
=== Outside Japan ===
==== China ====
In [[China]], [[7-Eleven]] markets oden as {{lang|zh-Latn|hǎodùn}} ({{wikt-lang|zh|好燉|好炖}}) a word play on 'good pot'.

==== South Korea ====
[[File:Eomuk-tang.jpg|thumb|{{lang|ko-Latn|Eomuk-tang}} or {{lang|ko-Latn|odeng-tang}} (Korean fish cake soup)]]
In [[South Korea]], the loanword {{lang|ko-Latn|odeng}} ({{lang|ko|오뎅}}) borrowed from Japanese {{lang|ja-Latn|oden}} is a synonym of {{lang|ko-Latn|[[eomuk]]}} (fishcakes).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fish cake: a must-eat snack |website=Korea.net |url=https://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/Society/view?articleId=131702}}</ref> The boiled dish consisting of fishcakes is called by the names such as {{lang|ko-Latn|odeng-tang}} ({{lang|ko|오뎅탕}}) or {{lang|ko-Latn|eomuk-jeongol}} ({{lang|ko|어묵전골}}), with the words such as {{lang|ko-Latn|[[guk|tang]]}} ('soup') or {{lang|ko-Latn|[[jeongol]]}} ('hot pot') attached to the ingredient name. The street food version is sold from small carts and is usually served with a spicy soup. It is very common on the streets of South Korea and there are many restaurants that have it on the menu or specialize in it.

==== Taiwan ====
[[File:Night Market of Keelung, different kinds of meat, view 4.jpg|thumb|Taiwanese-style oden in a [[night market]] in [[Keelung]]]]
Oden was introduced to [[Taiwanese cuisine]] during [[Japanese rule of Taiwan|Japanese rule]] and is referred to in [[Taiwanese Hokkien]] as {{lang|nan-TW|olen}} ({{zh|t=烏輪|zh|poj=o͘-lián}}),<ref>{{holodict|31111|e=oo33 lian51}}</ref> which has been further loaned into [[Taiwanese Mandarin]] as {{lang|cmn-Latn-TW|hēilún}} ({{zh|t=黑輪}}).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/cgi-bin/cbdic/gsweb.cgi?o=dcbdic&searchid=Z00000080567 |title=黑輪|website=教育部重編國語辭典修訂本 |publisher=[[Ministry of Education (Taiwan)|Ministry of Education, R.O.C.]] |date=2015}}</ref> {{lang|cmn-Latn-TW|Tianbula}} ({{CJKV|c=甜不辣|p=tiánbùlà|l=sweet, not spicy}})<ref>{{holodict|31159|e=thian35 pu55 lah3}}</ref> is a common ingredient for oden and is a popular snack at [[night market]]s. Tianbula is actually Japanese {{lang|ja-Latn|[[satsuma-age]]}} and was introduced to Taiwan by people from Kyushu (where {{lang|ja-Latn|satsuma-age}} is commonly known as {{lang|ja-Latn|tempura}}) when Taiwan was under Japanese rule.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.koryu.or.jp/Portals/0/images/publications/magazine/2016/1/201601_04.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.koryu.or.jp/Portals/0/images/publications/magazine/2016/1/201601_04.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=片倉佳史の台湾歴史紀行 第一回 港湾都市・基隆を訪ねる|first=Yoshifumi |last=Katakura |author-link=:ja:片倉佳史 |publisher=[[Japan–Taiwan Exchange Association]] |date=2016 |access-date=March 23, 2020 |page=9}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/13209051/|title=「さつま揚げ」の各都道府県での呼び名を調査 関西は「天ぷら」 |publisher=J-TOWN.NET |date=June 16, 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2020}}</ref> Besides the more traditional ingredients, the Taiwanese {{lang|nan-TW|olen}} also uses many local ingredients, such as pork [[meatball]]s and [[pig's blood cake|blood puddings]]. More recently, oden is offered in [[convenience stores]] where it is sold as {{lang|cmn-Latn|guāndōngzhǔ}} ({{Lang|zh-Hant|關東煮}}), the Mandarin reading of the Japanese characters for {{lang|ja-Latn|Kantō-ni}}.

==See also==
* [[List of Japanese soups and stews]]
* [[List of soups]]
* [[Shabu-shabu]]

== References ==
<references />

==External links==
{{wiktionary|おでん}}
{{Cookbook}}
{{Commons category|Oden (food)|Oden}}
* [http://bento.com/re_oden.html Bento.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111015223401/http://japanesefood.about.com/od/onepotdishes/r/odenrecipe.htm Recipe - Setsuko Yoshizuka]

{{Japanese food and drink|state=autocollapse}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Japanese soups and stews]]