View source for Obstructing the field

{{Short description|Method of dismissing a batsman in cricket}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
'''Obstructing the field''' is one of the ten methods of [[dismissal (cricket)|dismissing]] a [[batsman]] in the sport of [[cricket]]. Either batsman can be given out if he wilfully attempts to obstruct or distract the [[Fielding (cricket)|fielding side]] by word or action. It is Law 37 of the [[Laws of cricket]], and is a rare way for a batsman to be dismissed; in the history of cricket, there has been only two instances in [[Test cricket|Test matches]], nine in [[One Day International]] (ODI) matches, and six in [[Twenty20]] International matches. There have also been seven instances in Test cricket, and two in ODIs, where a batsman has been dismissed [[handled the ball]], a mode of dismissal now folded into obstructing the field.

One modern pattern of obstruction in [[limited overs]] cricket occurs when a batsman thinks that he is going to be [[Run out (cricket)|run out]] and blocks the ball with his bat, or changes his course while [[running between wickets]] to block the ball. The obstruction has to be deliberate.

==Definition==
Obstructing the field is Law 37 in the [[Laws of cricket]] established by the [[Marylebone Cricket Club]] (MCC). A batsman can be given out for obstructing the field if he wilfully attempts to obstruct or distract the fielding side by word or action.<ref name="mcc">{{cite web |url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-37-obstructing-the-field/ |title=Law 37 – Obstructing the field |publisher=MCC |access-date=29 September 2017}}</ref>

Law 37 describes three specific circumstances where this applies, but the Law is not limited to these circumstances:
*If, in the act of playing the ball, the batsmen wilfully strikes the ball with a hand not holding the bat, unless this is to avoid injury.{{efn|This situation was previously covered in a separate Law:[[Handled the ball]].}}
*If either batsman should wilfully obstruct or distract a fielder preventing a catch being made.
*If, at any time while the ball is in play and without the consent of a fielder, he uses his bat or any part of his person, to return the ball to any fielder.

In the second specific case, the striker is out, as it would have been him who could have been caught were it not for the obstruction. In any other case it is the batsman who obstructs who is out .{{efn|If it is a [[no-ball|No ball]] the batsman cannot be caught out, the obstruction of a catch is still out if wilful, but it is the batsman who obstructs who is out}}

If a batsman deliberately alters his course whilst running, or interposes his bat, to block the path of a ball thrown at the stumps by a fielder, the umpire must decide whether the action is wilful.<ref>Marylebone Cricket Club, Tom Smith's Cricket Umpiring and Scoring, Marylebone Cricket Club, 2019</ref> The umpire does not have to judge whether the fielding would have been likely to effect a [[Run out]].

The bowler does not get credit for any obstruction dismissal. Any runs completed before the offence is committed are scored (unless the obstruction prevents a catch being made{{efn|In this case any penalty runs will stand.<ref name="mcc"/>}}).

==Returning the ball to a fielder==

When, after being played with the bat or hitting the batter, the ball comes to rest nearer the batter that any fielder, it may seem natural, polite and quickest for the batter to pick up the ball and give it to a fielder. There is some risk that the fielding team may construe the act to be a wilful obstruction.

Traditionally, a batter would ask the fielding team's consent to touch the ball before doing so, but even if not, if there were any goodwill between the teams, the fielding team would be unlikely to appeal, and unlikely to have their appeal confirmed by their captain, but the umpire would be obliged to give the batsman out if an appeal was made. Batters were advised to ask to avoid the possibility of 'unpleasantness.' <ref name="Rait Kerr">R.S. Rait Kerr, The Laws of Cricket Their History and Growth, Longmans, 1950</ref>

In the modern professional game the question is sensitive, as the fielding side may be trying to keep the ball dry and clean so that they may obtain [[reverse swing]], and may well decline the batter's offer to touch the ball. 

The first such dismissal in elite cricket was in an U19 World Cup game against Zimbabwe on 3rd Feb 2024 when England's Hamza Shaikh picked up a stationary ball that he had just played at, and tossed it to the wicketkeeper, who appealed before even catching the ball. Shaikh was given out after lengthy consultation between the onfield and third umpires. Commentators have been uncomfortable with the decision, but the umpires only have to decide whether the ball is in play (if the fielding side acted as if they regarded it as so, that is sufficient) and whether the batter's action was wilful (picking the ball up without consent is sufficient). <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/get-a-grip-hamza-shaikh-given-out-obstructed-the-field-at-under-19-world-cup-1419568/ |title='Get a grip': Hamza Shaikh given out for obstructing the field at Under-19 World Cup|publisher=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=4 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thecricketer.com/Topics/england/thats_shocker_england_hamza_shaikh_dismissed_obstructing_field_under19_cricket_world_cup_zimbabwe.html/ |title="That's a shocker" - England's Hamza Shaikh dismissed obstructing the field in Under-19 Cricket World Cup win over Zimbabwe|publisher=The Cricketer |access-date=4 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.skysports.com/watch/video/sports/cricket/13062783/hell-be-livid-england-batter-controversially-out-obstructing-the-field|title=Obstructing the field? England's Hamza Shaikh controversially out at Under-19 Cricket World Cup|publisher=Sky Sports |access-date=4 February 2024}}</ref>

==Earliest recorded instance==
The first known instance of a player being dismissed in a manner equivalent to the modern term 'Obstructing the field' occurred in a minor match at Sheffield on 27 August 1792, between [[Sheffield Cricket Club]] and Bents Green. The Bents Green player John Shaw, who scored 7 in the first innings, had his dismissal recorded as "run out of the ground to hinder a catch". The information was recorded by [[G. B. Buckley]] who found it in the ''Sheffield Advertiser'' dated 31 August 1792. Sheffield won by 10 wickets in a match that was notable for two other reasons, these being that it was the first match played in [[Yorkshire]] for which full scores are recorded and it was the earliest known instance of a three innings match.<ref>Buckley, pp. 27–28.</ref>

==Dismissals in international cricket==
===Test cricket===
Two batsmen have been dismissed obstructing the field in a Test match. The first time was during the [[South African cricket team in England in 1951|fifth Test match]] of South African cricket team's tour of England in 1951, when England's [[Len Hutton]] [[Glossary of cricket terms#top edge|top edged]] the ball and, thinking the ball would hit the stumps, attempted to hit the ball away which prevented the [[wicket-keeper]] from [[Catch (cricket)|catching]] the ball.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-22 |title=Len Hutton becomes first to be given obstructing the field in Test cricket |url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/len-hutton-becomes-first-to-be-given-obstructing-the-field-in-test-cricket-297725 |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=Latest Sports Updates, Cricket News, Cricket World Cup, Football, Hockey & IPL |language=en-US}}</ref> In the second instance, from [[New Zealand cricket team in Bangladesh in 2023–24|the second Test]] of [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand's]] tour of [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]] in December 2023, [[Mushfiqur Rahim]] defended a ball from [[Kyle Jamieson]] and then pushed the ball away with his right hand as it bounced away from the stumps. He also became the first batsman in test to get out by obstructing the field since the rule for handling the ball was included in this law in October 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2023 |title=Mushfiqur Rahim becomes first Bangladesh batter to be dismissed obstructing the field |url=https://www.wisden.com/series/new-zealand-in-bangladesh-september-2023/cricket-news/mushfiqur-rahim-becomes-first-bangladesh-batter-to-be-dismissed-obstructing-the-field |access-date=4 April 2025 |website=[[Wisden]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2023 |title=BAN vs NZ: Mushfiqur Rahim out for handling the ball in second Test |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ban-vz-nz-mushfiqur-rahim-first-bangladeshi-handling-the-ball-out-obstructing-field-list-of-international-dismissals/article67610218.ece |access-date=6 December 2023 |website=Sportstar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Isam |first=Mohammad |date=6 December 2023 |title=Why Mushfiqur Rahim was out for obstructing the field and not handling the ball |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/why-mushfiqur-rahim-was-out-for-obstructing-the-field-and-not-handling-the-ball-1411719 |access-date=6 December 2023 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Test dismissals obstructed the field
!No
!Batsman
!Country
!Opposition
!Venue
!Match
!Date
|-
|1
|{{sortname|Leonard|Hutton}}
|{{cr|ENG}}
|{{cr|RSA|1928}}
|[[The Oval]], [[London]], England
|[[South African cricket team in England in 1951#Fifth Test|5th Test]]
|{{dts|1951|August|16|format=dmy}}
|-
|2
|{{sortname|Mushfiqur|Rahim}}
|{{cr|BAN}}
|{{cr|NZ}}
|[[Shere Bangla National Stadium]], [[Mirpur Thana|Mirpur]], Bangladesh
|[[New Zealand cricket team in Bangladesh in 2023#2nd Test|2nd Test]]
|{{dts|format=dmy|2023|December|6}}
|}

===One Day Internationals===
In [[One Day International]]s, [[Rameez Raja]] (for Pakistan against England at Karachi in 1987) was given out for hitting the ball away with his bat to avoid being run out going for his century off the last ball of the innings, and [[Mohinder Amarnath]] (for India against Sri Lanka at Ahmedabad in 1989) was given out for kicking the ball away to avoid being run out. Another batsman to be given out this way is [[Inzamam-ul-Haq]] of Pakistan in the first ODI of India vs Pakistan Hutch Cup on 6 February 2006. After Inzamam drove the ball to mid off, Indian [[Suresh Raina]] threw it back to the striker's end, Inzamam stopping it with his bat while standing out of his crease. Umpire [[Simon Taufel]] gave him out adjudging it a wilful obstruction.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vignesh |first1=Anuj |title='I am not able to comprehend this law' |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/i-am-not-able-to-comprehend-this-law-918187 |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=16 June 2024 |date=6 September 2015}}</ref>

[[Mohammad Hafeez]] of Pakistan was dismissed obstructing the field on 21 March 2013 in the 4th ODI of the bilateral series match against South Africa. He became the first man to be given out obstructing the field after the new playing conditions were introduced.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pakistan-tour-of-south-africa-2012-13-567340/south-africa-vs-pakistan-4th-odi-567371/full-scorecard|title=Full Scorecard of South Africa vs Pakistan 4th ODI 2012/13 - Score Report |website=ESPNcricinfo.com|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> His teammate, [[Anwar Ali (cricketer born 1987)|Anwar Ali]], was dismissed obstructing the field on 27 November 2013 in the second ODI against South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/south-africa-v-pakistan-2013-14/content/player/232491.html|title = Anwar Ali profile and biography, stats, records, averages, photos and videos|website=ESPNcricinfo.com|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>

[[Ben Stokes]] of England was dismissed obstructing the field on 5 September 2015 in the second ODI against Australia for stopping the ball with his hand when the bowler, Mitchell Starc, had thrown the ball in an attempt to run him out. Stokes was outside the crease when he stuck out his hand not holding the bat, blocking the ball which was on a path likely to hit the stumps.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283167.html|title=Records &#124; One-Day Internationals &#124; Batting records &#124; Unusual dismissals |website=ESPNcricinfo.com|access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>

The complete list of batsmen given out obstructing the field in [[One Day International]]s is:

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+ One Day International dismissals obstructed the field
|-
! No
! Batsman
! Country
! Opposition
! Venue
! Match
! Date
|-
|| 1
! scope="row" | [[Rameez Raja]] 
|| {{cr|PAK}} || {{cr|ENG}} || {{flagicon|PAK}} [[National Stadium, Karachi|Karachi]], [[Pakistan]] || [[English cricket team in Pakistan in 1987–88#2nd ODI|2nd ODI]] || 20 November 1987
|-
|| 2 
! scope="row" | [[Mohinder Amarnath]] 
|| {{cr|IND}} || {{cr|SRI}} || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sardar Patel Stadium, Motera|Ahmedabad]], [[India]] || [[Nehru Cup (cricket)#India vs Sri Lanka|6th ODI]] || 22 October 1989
|-
|| 3 
! scope="row" | [[Inzamam-ul-Haq]] 
|| {{cr|PAK}} || {{cr|IND}} || {{flagicon|PAK}} [[Arbab Niaz Stadium|Peshawar]], [[Pakistan]] || [[Indian cricket team in Pakistan in 2005–06#First ODI|1st ODI]] || 6 February 2006
|-
|| 4 
! scope="row" | [[Mohammad Hafeez]] 
|| {{cr|PAK}} || {{cr|RSA}} || {{flagicon|SA}} [[Kingsmead Cricket Ground|Durban]], [[South Africa]] || [[Pakistani cricket team in South Africa in 2012–13#4th ODI|4th ODI]] || 21 March 2013
|-
||5
! scope="row" | [[Anwar Ali (cricketer born 1987)|Anwar Ali]]
|| {{cr|PAK}} || {{cr|RSA}} || {{flagicon|SA}} [[St George's Park Cricket Ground|Port Elizabeth]], [[South Africa]] || [[Pakistani cricket team in South Africa in 2013–14#2nd ODI|2nd ODI]] || 27 November 2013
|-
||6
! scope="row" | [[Ben Stokes]]
|| {{cr|ENG}} || {{cr|AUS}} || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Lord's|London]], [[England]] || [[Australian cricket team in England and Ireland in 2015#2nd ODI|2nd ODI]] || 5 September 2015
|-
||7
! scope="row" | [[Xavier Marshall]]
|| {{cr|USA}} || {{cr|UAE}} || {{flagicon|UAE}} [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium|Sharjah]], [[United Arab Emirates]] || [[2019 United Arab Emirates Tri-Nation Series#1st ODI|1st ODI]] || {{dts|format=dmy|2019|December|8}}
|-
||8
! scope="row" | [[Danushka Gunathilaka]]
|| {{cr|SL}} || {{cr|WIN}} || {{flagicon|ATG}} [[Sir Vivian Richards Stadium|North Sound]], [[Antigua and Barbuda]] || [[Sri Lankan cricket team in the West Indies in 2020–21#1st ODI|1st ODI]] || {{dts|format=dmy|2021|March|10}}
|}

===Women's One Day Internationals===

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+ Women's One Day International dismissals obstructed the field<ref>{{cite news|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283982.html|title=RECORDS / WOMEN'S ONE-DAY INTERNATIONALS / BATTING RECORDS / UNUSUAL DISMISSALS|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=23 April 2022}}</ref>
|-
! No
! Batswoman
! Country
! Opposition
! Venue
! Match
! Date
|-
|| 1
! scope="row" | [[Thirush Kamini]]
|| {{crw|IND}} || {{crw|WIN}} || [[ACA–KDCA Cricket Ground|Vijayawada]], India || [[West Indies women's cricket team in India in 2016–17#2nd ODI|2nd ODI]] || 13 November 2016
|}

===T20 Internationals===
On 23 June 2017, in a Twenty20 match against South Africa, [[Jason Roy]] of England was given out obstructing the field, for changing the side of the pitch he was running on when returning from backing up. This caused the returned ball to hit him when he was out of his crease, when it could conceivably have hit the stumps. The South African fielders immediately appealed for a dismissal. Responding to this, the on-field umpires called the ball dead and referred the decision to the third umpire, who gave Roy out.<ref name="Roy">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/england-v-south-africa-2017/engine/match/1031433.html|title= England vs South Africa T20I scorecard|work=ESPNCricinfo}}</ref>

The complete list of batsmen given out obstructing the field in [[Twenty20 International]]s is:<ref>{{cite web|title=Records {{!}} Twenty20 Internationals {{!}} Batting records {{!}} Unusual dismissals {{!}} ESPN Cricinfo|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283988.html|website=Cricinfo|access-date=23 June 2017}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+ T20 International dismissals obstructed the field
|-
! No
! Batsman
! Country
! Opposition
! Venue
! Match
! Date
|-
|| 1
! scope="row" | [[Jason Roy]] 
|| {{cr|ENG}} || {{cr|SAF}} || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[County Ground, Taunton|Taunton]], [[England]] || [[South African cricket team in England in 2017#2nd T20I|2nd T20I]] || 23 June 2017
|-
|| 2
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Hassan|Rasheed|dab=cricketer}}
|| {{cr|MDV}} || {{cr|QTR}} || {{flagicon|OMN}} [[Al Amerat Cricket Stadium|Muscat]], [[Oman]] || [[2019 ACC Western Region T20#MaldivesQatar|7th T20I]] ||{{dts|format=dmy|2019|January|23}}
|-
|| 3
! scope="row" | [[Razmal Shigiwal]] 
|| {{cr|AUT}} || {{cr|CZE}} || {{flagicon|CZE}} [[Vinoř Cricket Ground|Prague]], [[Czech Republic]] || [[2022 Central Europe Cup|6th T20I]] || 10 July 2022
|-
|| 4
! scope="row" | [[Abass Gbla]] 
|| {{cr|Sierra Leone}} || {{cr|GHA}} || {{flagicon|SA}} [[Willowmoore Park|Benoni]], [[South Africa]] || [[2023 ACA Africa T20 Cup|12th T20I]] || 17 December 2023
|}

===Women's T20 Internationals===
Indian middle-order batter [[Anuja Patil]] was given out obstructing the field in the first innings of the final of the [[2018 Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup]] against [[Bangladesh women's national cricket team|Bangladesh]]. She changed the course of her run en route to the non-striker's end while attempting a single.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20-asia-cup-2018-1148042/bangladesh-women-vs-india-women-final-1148063/match-report|title=Bangladesh beat six-time champions for maiden Asia Cup title|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=10 June 2018|accessdate=23 April 2022}}</ref>

Zimbabwean captain [[Mary-Ann Musonda]] was given out obstructing the field in the first innings of a game against [[Uganda women's national cricket team|Uganda]] during the [[2022 Namibia Women's Tri-Nation Series]] in April 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.womenscriczone.com/zimbabwe-register-an-emphatic-win-over-uganda-by-22-runs |title=Zimbabwe register an emphatic win over Uganda in the Capricorn Tri-series |work=Women's CricZone |access-date=22 April 2022 |archive-date=15 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250315235735/https://www.womenscriczone.com/zimbabwe-register-an-emphatic-win-over-uganda-by-22-runs/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> She defended a ball from [[Janet Mbabazi]] which then rebounded towards her stumps, then gently hit the ball back to Mbabazi while remaining in her crease at all times.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nkn2aTKppfw|title=Not a usual dismissal / Capricorn Tri-Nation Series / Match 4|date=22 April 2022 |publisher=Women's CricZone|via=YouTube|access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+ Women's T20 International dismissals obstructed the field<ref>{{cite news|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283981.html|title=RECORDS / WOMEN'S TWENTY20 INTERNATIONALS / BATTING RECORDS / UNUSUAL DISMISSALS|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=23 April 2022}}</ref>
|-
! No
! Batswoman
! Country
! Opposition
! Venue
! Match
! Date
|-
|| 1
! scope="row" | [[Anuja Patil]]
|| {{crw|IND}} || {{crw|BAN}} || [[Kinrara Academy Oval|Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia || [[2018 Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup|Final]] || 10 June 2018
|-
|| 2
! scope="row" | [[Mary-Ann Musonda]]
|| {{crw|ZIM}} || {{crw|UGA}} || [[Trans Namib Ground|Windhoek]], Namibia || [[2022 Capricorn Women's Tri-Series|4th T20I]] || 22 April 2022
|}

==Other recent instances==
[[Mark Ramprakash]] was dismissed obstructing the field on 30 July 2011, in a [[2011 County Championship|County Championship]] Division 2 match between [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]] and [[Gloucestershire County Cricket Club|Gloucestershire]]. Ramprakash was deemed to have deliberately tried to distract a fielder who was in the act of trying to run him out. He made no contact with the ball and it did not hit the stumps.<ref name="Ramprakash">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/14353907|title=Surrey win despite odd dismissal|work=BBC Sport |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>

[[Yusuf Pathan]] of India was dismissed obstructing the field on 15 May 2013 while playing for the Kolkata Knight Riders against the [[Pune Warriors India]] in Match 65 of the 2013 Indian Premier League for deliberately kicking the ball while rotating the strike. He became the first player to be dismissed in T20 cricket in this fashion.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wisdenindia.com/cricket-news/yusuf-dismissal-divides-opinion/62480|title=Yusuf dismissal divides opinion|publisher=Wisden India|date=15 May 2013|access-date=16 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804110223/https://www.wisdenindia.com/cricket-news/yusuf-dismissal-divides-opinion/62480|archive-date=4 August 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Sheldon Jackson (cricketer)|Sheldon Jackson]] was given out obstructing the field on 3 March 2017 during the [[2016–17 Vijay Hazare Trophy]] match against [[Chhattisgarh cricket team|Chhattisgarh]]. Jackson became only the second Indian batsman to be given out in a [[List A cricket|List A match]] in this manner.<ref name="Jackson">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/vijay-hazare-trophy-2016-17/content/story/1085065.html |title=Jackson out obstructing the field in Saurashtra's win |access-date=3 March 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

[[Alex Ross (cricketer)|Alex Ross]] of the [[Brisbane Heat]] was given out obstructing the field in a [[2017-18 Big Bash League season|Big Bash League]] match against the [[Hobart Hurricanes]] in January 2018 for interfering with an attempted run out. It was the first time in Big Bash League history that a player was given out in this manner.<ref name="Ross">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22023835/twitter-reactions-very-very-embarrassing-absolutely-shocking |title='Very very embarrassing! Absolutely shocking'|access-date=11 January 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

[[Ryan Burl]] was given out in a match in the [[2017–18 Logan Cup]] for obstructing the field, after he protected his wicket by pushing the ball away from the stumps with his hand, having missed the ball with his bat. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.3-mob.com/sport/logan-cup-burl-hits-century-as-stars-clip-eagles/#.WtsfTH-fiUk |title=Logan Cup: Burl hits century as Stars clip Eagles |work=3-mob.com |date=21 April 2018 |access-date=21 April 2018}}</ref>

[[Amit Mishra]] was also dismissed for obstructing the field in the [[2019 Indian Premier League]] Eliminator match against [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]. He changed his line while [[Khaleel Ahmed]] was throwing the ball to prevent a run out, and was thus given out.

==See also==
* [[List of unusual dismissals in international cricket]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |last=Buckley |first=G. B. |author-link=G. B. Buckley |title=Fresh Light on pre-Victorian Cricket |year=1937 |publisher=Cotterell }}
* ''[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack]]'' – various issues

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130311210212/http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/ The official laws of cricket]

{{Methods of dismissal in cricket}}

[[Category:Cricket laws and regulations]]
[[Category:Cricket terminology]]