View source for Nunatsiavut

{{Short description|Autonomous area in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada claimed by the Inuit}}
{{Distinguish|Nunavut|Nunavik}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                   = Nunatsiavut
| type                   = [[Autonomous administrative division|Autonomous area]]
| image_skyline          = 
| image_caption          = 
| image_flag             = Flag of Nunatsiavut.svg
| image_seal             = Logo of the Government of Nunatsiavut.png
| seal_alt               = 
| image_map              = Nunatsiavut location map.svg
| map_caption            = Nunatsiavut's location in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| anthem                 = Labradorimiut<ref name="anthem">{{Cite web |url=http://www.assembly.nl.ca/business/electronicdocuments/LabradorInuitConstitution.pdf |title=Labrador Inuit Constitution |publisher=House of Assembly Newfoundland and Labrador |access-date=March 5, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823201007/http://www.assembly.nl.ca/business/electronicdocuments/LabradorInuitConstitution.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
| subdivision_type       = Country
| subdivision_name       = Canada
| subdivision_type1      = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]]
| subdivision_name1      = Newfoundland and Labrador
| established_title      = Created
| established_date       = June 23, 2005
| seat_type              = Capital
| seat                   = [[Hopedale, Newfoundland and Labrador|Hopedale]] (legislative)<br />[[Nain, Newfoundland and Labrador|Nain]] (administrative)
| government_type        = [[Consensus government]] within the parliamentary system of Canada
| governing_body         = [[Nunatsiavut Assembly]] (''Nunatsiavut katimajitsuangit'')
| coordinates            = {{coord|56|32|34|N|61|41|33|W|region:CA-NL|display=inline,title}}
| leader_title           = President
| leader_name            = [[Johannes Lampe]] (since 2016)
| leader_title1          = {{nowrap|First Minister}}
| leader_name1           = [[Anthony Andersen|Tony Andersen]] (since 2019)
| leader_title2          = [[Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly|MHA]]
| leader_name2           = [[Lela Evans]] (since 2019)
| leader_title3          = [[Current members of the Canadian House of Commons|MP]]
| leader_name3           = [[Philip Earle]] (since 2025)
| blank_name_sec1        = [[House of Commons of Canada|Federal riding]]
| blank_info_sec1        = [[Labrador (electoral district)]]
| blank1_name_sec1       = [[Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly|Provincial riding]]
| blank1_info_sec1       = [[Torngat Mountains (electoral district)]]
| unit_pref              = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| total_type             = 
| area_total_km2         = 66787.13
| area_blank1_title      = Officially
| area_blank1_km2        = 15800
| population_total       = 2323
| population_as_of       = 2021
| population_density_km2 = {{#expr:2323/66787 round 3}}
| timezone1              = [[Atlantic Time Zone|AST]]
| utc_offset1            = −04:00
| postal_code_type       = [[Postal codes in Canada|Postal code prefix]]
| postal_code            = A0P
| iso_code               = [[ISO 3166-2:CA|NL]]
| website                = [http://www.nunatsiavut.com nunatsiavut.com]
}}
'''Nunatsiavut''' ({{IPAc-en|n|uː|ˈ|n|ɑː|t|s|i|ə|v|ᵿ|t}}; {{langx|iu|italics=no|ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᕗᑦ}}) is an [[Autonomous administrative division|autonomous area]] claimed by the [[Inuit]] in [[Newfoundland and Labrador]], Canada. The settlement area includes territory in [[Labrador]] extending to the [[Quebec]] border. In 2002, the Labrador Inuit Association submitted a proposal for limited autonomy to the [[government of Newfoundland and Labrador]]. The constitution was ratified on December 1, 2005, at which time the Labrador Inuit Association ceased to exist, and the new Government of Nunatsiavut was established, initially being responsible for health, education and cultural affairs. It is also responsible for setting and conducting elections, the first of which was executed in October 2006. An election for the ordinary members of the [[Nunatsiavut Assembly]] was held on May 4, 2010.<ref name="mayelec">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nunatsiavut.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=202&Itemid=211&lang=en |title=Nunatsiavut General Election |publisher=Government of Nunatsiavut |access-date=April 22, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100408013131/http://www.nunatsiavut.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=202&Itemid=211&lang=en |archive-date=April 8, 2010 }}</ref> Its incumbent president is [[Johannes Lampe]] who assumed office in 2016.

In [[Inuttitut]]/[[Inuktitut]], Nunatsiavut means "Our Beautiful Land". This name was ratified by the Labrador Inuit Constitution and passed by the Labrador Inuit Association in 2002. A primary objective of autonomy is for the preservation of the [[Inuit culture]] and [[Inuit languages|language]], as well as the environment through environmental stewardship.

Nunatsiavut is counted in the census as Division 11.

==Self-governance==
The Labrador Inuit Association had filed a [[Indigenous land claims in Canada|land claim]] for portions of Labradorian land in 1977.<ref name="landclaim">{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/labrador-s-inuit-cheer-land-agreement-1.556062 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070120102816/https://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2005/01/22/labrador-land050122.html |archive-date=January 20, 2007 |title=Labrador's Inuit cheer land agreement |publisher=[[CBC News]] |date=January 23, 2005 |url-status=live |access-date=April 22, 2010 }}</ref> In 1988, the Labrador Inuit Association, the government of the province of Newfoundland, and the [[government of Canada]] began negotiations based on the land claim.<ref name="negotiation">{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/aboriginals/nunatsiavut.html |title=Nunatsiavut: Our beautiful land |publisher=[[CBC News Online]] |date=July 2, 2004 |access-date=April 22, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811172337/https://www.cbc.ca/news/background/aboriginals/nunatsiavut.html |archive-date=August 11, 2013 }}</ref> An agreement-in-principle was achieved in 2001, and on May 26, 2004, the agreement was ratified by over 75% of eligible voters subject to the land claim.<ref name="negotiation" />

On January 22, 2005, the Inuit of Nunatsiavut signed the Labrador Inuit Lands Claims Agreement<ref name="LILCA">{{Cite web |url=http://www.laa.gov.nl.ca/laa/land_claims/index.html |title=Land Claims |publisher=Department of Labrador and Aboriginal Affairs, [[Government of Newfoundland and Labrador]] |access-date=April 23, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100511010327/http://www.laa.gov.nl.ca/laa/land_claims/index.html |archive-date=May 11, 2010 }}</ref> with the federal and provincial governments covering {{cvt|72520|km2|sigfig=4}} of land,<ref name="landclaim" /> including the entire northern salient of Labrador north of [[Nain, Newfoundland and Labrador|Nain]] as well as a portion of the Atlantic coast south of there. The agreement also includes {{cvt|44030|km2|sigfig=4}} of sea rights.<ref name="landclaim" /> Although the Inuit will not own the whole area, they were granted special rights related to traditional land use, and they will own {{cvt|15800|km2|sigfig=4}} designated Labrador Inuit Lands.<ref name="landclaim" /> The agreement also establishes the [[Torngat Mountains National Park]] in the northern area of the land claim.

The Labrador Inuit Lands Claims Agreement is a treaty between the Inuit of Labrador, the provincial government of Newfoundland and Labrador, and the federal government of Canada, that is constitutionally protected under the aboriginal and treaty rights of [[Indigenous peoples in Canada]] granted by [[Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982|section 35]] of the [[Constitution Act, 1982]].<ref name="LILCA" />

The self-governance agreement included a transfer of $130 million from the federal government in compensation for the forced relocation of the Inuit in the 1950s;<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/relocated-labrador-inuit-to-get-apology-monument-1.852737 |title=Relocated Labrador Inuit to get apology monument |date=July 24, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515225643/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/relocated-labrador-inuit-to-get-apology-monument-1.852737 |archive-date=May 15, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> $120 million to establish self-government; royalty payments from the provincial government for resource extraction; and land, mineral, and marine rights.<ref name="compensation">{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/labrador-inuit-to-sign-self-government-deal-1.555512 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106195202/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2005/01/21/nunatsiavut-inuit050121.html |title=Labrador Inuit to sign self-government deal |publisher=CBC News |date=January 21, 2005 |access-date=April 22, 2010 |archive-date=November 6, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Unspecified benefits for Inuit in Labrador not within the settlement area were also part of the agreement.<ref name="landclaim" />

The agreement was ratified by the Labrador Inuit, the [[General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador]], and the [[Parliament of Canada]], where it received [[Royal assent|Royal Assent]] on June 23, 2005.<ref name="assent">{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/labrador-inuit-land-claim-passes-last-hurdle-1.559601 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321084602/https://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2005/06/24/labrador-inuit-050624.html |title=Labrador Inuit land claim passes last hurdle |publisher=CBC News |date=June 24, 2005 |access-date=April 22, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-date=March 21, 2007 }}</ref>

On December 1, 2005, the constitution was formally adopted, and a swearing-in ceremony was held for the first cabinet,<ref name="cabinet">{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/labrador-s-5-000-inuit-take-charge-of-our-beautiful-land-1.545347 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070501130528/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2005/12/01/inuit-rule20051201.html |title=Labrador's 5,000 Inuit take charge of 'our beautiful land' |publisher=CBC News |date=December 1, 2005 |access-date=April 22, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-date=May 1, 2007 }}</ref> an interim government which consisted of members of the Labrador Inuit Association board of directors.<ref name="cabinet" /> This day marked the official transfer of power from the provincial government to the newly formed Government of Nunatsiavut "to make their own laws relating to cultural affairs, education and health".<ref name="powertransfer">{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/inuit-celebrate-self-government-turnover-1.568154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070316181227/https://www.cbc.ca/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2005/12/01/nf_inuit_turnover_20051201.html |title=Inuit celebrate self-government turnover |publisher=CBC News |date=December 1, 2005 |access-date=April 22, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-date=March 16, 2007 }}</ref>

In October 2006, Nunatsiavut held its first election to form a nine-member government, which was sworn in on October 16 in [[Hopedale, Newfoundland and Labrador|Hopedale]].<ref name="firstelec">{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/labrador-inuit-vote-for-inaugural-self-government-1.573730 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119073935/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2006/10/03/inuit-vote.html |title=Labrador Inuit vote for inaugural self-government |publisher=CBC News |date=October 3, 2006 |access-date=April 22, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-date=January 19, 2008 }}</ref>

In 2019, there were 150 Inuit children in the care of the [[Department of Children, Seniors and Social Development (Newfoundland and Labrador)|Department of Children, Seniors, and Social Development]]. An independent review, ''A Long Wait for Change'', was completed by the province's Child and Youth Advocate at the request of the Nunatsiavut government and released in 2019. It contained 33 recommendations, including providing the support needed to transition to an Inuit-led child welfare system in Nunatsiavut.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/inuit-children-care-1.5269658 |title=Advocate delivers scathing review of protective services for Inuit children |date=September 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191201010015/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/inuit-children-care-1.5269658 |archive-date=December 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On June 18, 2021, Nunatsiavut stated that it had begun the process of seeking [[devolution]] of child protection services from the Department of Children, Seniors, and Social Development with the goal for negotiations to conclude within three years.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://vocm.com/2021/06/18/nunatsiavut-government-developing-plan-to-take-over-child-welfare-services-in-labrador-from-provincial-government/ |title=Nunatsiavut to Self-Govern Child Welfare Services in Labrador Inuit Communities |access-date=June 19, 2021 |archive-date=June 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620003912/https://vocm.com/2021/06/18/nunatsiavut-government-developing-plan-to-take-over-child-welfare-services-in-labrador-from-provincial-government/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.saltwire.com/atlantic-canada/news/nunatsiavut-government-is-taking-over-child-welfare-system-for-labrador-inuit-100601869/ |title=Nunatsiavut Government planning to take over child-welfare system for Labrador Inuit &#124; SaltWire }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ntv.ca/nunatsiavut-government-planning-to-take-control-of-child-welfare-services/ |title=Nunatsiavut Government planning to take control of child welfare services |date=June 18, 2021 |access-date=June 19, 2021 |archive-date=July 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702073058/http://ntv.ca/nunatsiavut-government-planning-to-take-control-of-child-welfare-services/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Nunatsiavut Assembly and Executive Council===
[[File:Nunatsiavut Assembly Building in Hopedale.jpg|thumb|[[Nunatsiavut Assembly Building]]]]

The land claim agreement provided for the establishment of the Government of Nunatsiavut to represent the residents of the land claim area and any Labrador Inuit living elsewhere in Canada. Nunatsiavut remained a part of Newfoundland and Labrador, but the Government of Nunatsiavut acquired the jurisdictional authority over health, education, and justice in the land claim area. Nunatsiavut operates under a [[consensus government]] within the parliamentary system of Canada.

The legislature of the government is based in Hopedale, and its administrative centre is in [[Nain, Newfoundland and Labrador|Nain]]. It is subject to the ''Nunatsiavut Elections Act''. The [[Nunatsiavut Assembly]] consists of a minimum of 16 members, including:

* a president, who chairs the Nunatsiavut Executive Council,<ref name="president">{{cite web |url=http://www.nunatsiavut.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=93&Itemid=90&lang=en |title=Assembly Structure |work=Nunatsiavut Assembly |publisher=Government of Nunatsiavut |access-date=April 22, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612141937/http://www.nunatsiavut.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=93&Itemid=90&lang=en |archive-date=June 12, 2010 }}</ref>
* ten ordinary members<ref name="president" /> (one each from [[Hopedale, Newfoundland and Labrador|Hopedale]], [[Makkovik]], [[Postville, Newfoundland and Labrador|Postville]] and [[Rigolet]];<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Town of Rigolet |title=Welcome to Rigolet |url=http://rigoletlab.ca/ |access-date=June 4, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107112014/http://www.rigoletlab.ca/ |archive-date=January 7, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> two each from [[Nain, Newfoundland and Labrador|Nain]], the [[Happy Valley-Goose Bay]], [[North West River|Northwest River]] and Mud Lake area, and all Inuit elsewhere in Canada)
* the ''Angajukĸâk'' (mayor) of each of the five Inuit Community Governments (one each in Nain, Hopedale, Postville, Makkovik and Rigolet)
* the Chairs of the Inuit Community Corporations.<ref name="president" />

There are currently two Inuit Community Corporations, ''NunaKatiget Inuit Community Corporation'' and ''Sivunivut Inuit Community Corporation'',<ref name="ICC">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nunatsiavut.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=97&Itemid=79&lang=en |title=Inuit Community Governance |publisher=Government of Nunatsiavut |access-date=April 22, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610062025/http://www.nunatsiavut.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=97&Itemid=79&lang=en |archive-date=June 10, 2010 }}</ref> and 18 members in the Assembly.

From the Assembly, a member will be elected to act as First Minister. The Assembly would act as a forum for discussion of laws, and it will oversee the Executive Council.

The Nunatsiavut Executive Council will be appointed by the First Minister. It will implement laws, develop and implement policy, initiate and prepare legislation, oversee the administration of the government, and be accountable to the Assembly.

Inuit Community Governments were established in Nain, Hopedale, Makkovik, Postville and Rigolet. Each consists of a municipal council, elected from and by both Inuit and non-Inuit residents, and is led by an ''Angajukĸâk'', a chief executive officer and mayor, who must be Inuk.

Large settlements of Labrador Inuit outside the settlement area will be represented by Inuit Community Corporations.

The Angajukĸâk of each Inuit Community Government and the chairperson of each Inuit Community Corporation will represent his or her community in the Nunatsiavut Assembly.

==Departments==
There are seven departments headed by six ministers with Nunatsiavut Secretariat headed by the President of the Executive Council.<ref>{{cite web |title=Departments |url=http://www.nunatsiavut.com/government/departments/ |publisher=Nunatsiavut Government |access-date=October 13, 2019 |archive-date=February 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204031609/https://www.nunatsiavut.com/government/departments/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

* Department of Finance, Human Resources and Information Technology
* Department of Education and Economic Development
* Department of Culture, Recreation and Tourism
* Department of Health & Social Development
* Department of Lands and Natural Resources
* Department of Nunatsiavut Affairs
* Nunatsiavut Secretariat

==Wildlife, Plants, and Commercial Fisheries Co-management==
Chapters 12 and 13 of the Labrador Inuit Land Claim Agreement created the Torngat Wildlife and Plants Co-management Board, and the Torngat Joint Fisheries Board.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=Government of Canada; Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs |date=December 29, 2010 |title=Land Claims Agreement Between the Inuit of Labrador and Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Newfoundland and Labrador and Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada |url=https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1293647179208/1542904949105 |access-date=October 23, 2022 |website=www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca |archive-date=February 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215155156/https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1293647179208/1542904949105 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Government buildings==
While each community has government facilities, there are two key sites:

Nunatsiavut Government Head Office is located at 25 Ikajuktauvik Road in [[Nain, Newfoundland and Labrador|Nain]] and houses the administrative functions of the Government of Nunatsiavut.

The [[Nunatsiavut Assembly]] sits at [[Nunatsiavut Assembly Building]] in [[Hopedale, Newfoundland and Labrador|Hopedale]]. The building opened in 2012, faces Hopedale Harbour<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailybusinessbuzz.ca/Construction-%26amp-Transportation/2012-07-31/article-3042934/Nunatsiavut-building-and-rebuilding/1 |title=Nunatsiavut building and rebuilding |publisher=NS Business Journal |date=July 31, 2012 |first=Ashley |last=Fitzpatrick |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064749/http://www.dailybusinessbuzz.ca/Construction-%26amp-Transportation/2012-07-31/article-3042934/Nunatsiavut-building-and-rebuilding/1 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 }}</ref> and is the first permanent home since 2008 (previous assemblies met at various locations in Hopedale).

==Geography==
[[File:Saglek Fjord Labrador 2008.JPG|thumb|Saglek Fjord, Torngat Mountains National Park]]
Nunatsiavut's land claim includes the area surrounding [[Hamilton Inlet]] and the coastline north to a point south of [[Davis Inlet]]; the Mulligan River also forms part of the boundary. It also claims the land north of the Notakwanon River and as far north as [[Cape Chidley]]. Nunatsiavut is the southernmost recognized Inuit territory in Canada.

Nunatsiavut's territory consists of two geographic regions. The southern portion contains Rigolet, Makkovik, Postville and Hopedale and has a population of 1,433 (as of 2016).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table.cfm?Lang=Eng&T=302&SR=1&S=86&O=A&RPP=9999&PR=10 |title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data |date=February 8, 2017 |publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=September 28, 2020 |archive-date=October 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027173556/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table.cfm?Lang=Eng&T=302&SR=1&S=86&O=A&RPP=9999&PR=10 |url-status=live }}</ref> The northern portion contains Nain as well as the Torngat Mountains National Park. Nunatsiavut is located near the [[Innu]] communities of [[Natuashish]] and [[Sheshatshiu]] as well as [[North West River]], [[Happy Valley-Goose Bay]] and [[Cartwright, Newfoundland and Labrador|Cartwright]]. It is also near the Quebec settlements of [[Kuujjuaq]] and [[Kangiqsualujjuaq]].

===Towns===
{{location map+|Canada Newfoundland and Labrador|AlternativeMap =Nunatsiavut in Newfoundland and Labrador.svg|width=250|caption=Towns of Nunatsiavut|places=
{{location map~|Canada Newfoundland and Labrador|lat=56.54|long=-61.7|label= [[Nain, Newfoundland and Labrador|Nain]]|position=left}}
{{location map~|Canada Newfoundland and Labrador|lat=55.46|long=-60.22|label=[[Hopedale, Newfoundland and Labrador|Hopedale]]|position=left}}
{{location map~|Canada Newfoundland and Labrador|lat=54.91|long=-59.78|label=[[Postville, Newfoundland and Labrador|Postville]]|position=left}}
{{location map~|Canada Newfoundland and Labrador|lat=55.08|long=-59.18|label=[[Makkovik]]|position=right}}
{{location map~|Canada Newfoundland and Labrador|lat=54.18|long=-58.44|label=[[Rigolet]]|position=left}}
}}
* [[Hopedale, Newfoundland and Labrador|Hopedale]]
* [[Makkovik]]
* [[Nain, Newfoundland and Labrador|Nain]]
* [[Postville, Newfoundland and Labrador|Postville]]
* [[Rigolet]]

===Land disputes===
The Labrador Métis Nation (LMN), unsuccessfully filed a challenge to Nunatsiavut's claim in the [[Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador]]. The LMN's original land claim included all of Labrador south of Nain.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Minogue |first1=Sara |title=Inuit, Métis at odds over Labrador land claim deal |url=http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/archives/40604/news/nunavut/40604_04.htm |website=Nunatsiaqonline.ca |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012074229/http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/archives/40604/news/nunavut/40604_04.htm |archive-date=October 12, 2016 |date=June 4, 2004 }}</ref>

The [[Makivik Corporation]] had their claim to the coast between [[Killiniq Island]] and [[Voisey's Bay]] accepted in 1993; it later asked the federal government not to ratify Nunatsiavut's claims since it overlapped with their claim.<ref>{{cite web |title=Makivik Corporation wants court to stop Labrador land claims |url=http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/archives/nunavut991030/nvt91029_04.html |first=Julie |last=Green |archive-date=October 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012074240/http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/archives/nunavut991030/nvt91029_04.html |publisher=Nunatsiaq News }}</ref>

==Census Division No. 11==
{{Infobox settlement
| name                   = Division No. 11
| type                   = [[Census divisions of Canada|Census division]]
| coordinates            = {{coord|55|04|39|N|59|11|15|W|region:CA-NL_type:adm2nd}}
| subdivision_type       = Country
| subdivision_name       = Canada
| subdivision_type1      = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]]
| subdivision_name1      = Newfoundland and Labrador
| area_total_km2         = 69,371.46
| area_footnotes         = <ref name=2021census/>
| population_total       = 2,323
| population_as_of       = 2021
| population_footnotes   = <ref name=2021census/>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| leader_title           = [[Canadian House of Commons|MP]]s
}}

In the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 Census of Population]] conducted by [[Statistics Canada]], Division No. 11 had a population of {{val|2323|fmt=commas}} living in {{val|780|fmt=commas}} of its {{val|845|fmt=commas}} total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:2323-2558}}|2558|1}} from its 2016 population of {{val|2558|fmt=commas}}. With a land area of {{cvt|66787.13|km2|sqmi}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|2323|66787.13|km2|sqmi|prec=2}} in 2021.<ref name=2021census>{{cite web |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000701 |title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada and census divisions |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |date=February 9, 2022 |access-date=April 2, 2022 |archive-date=March 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306233556/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000701 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Unorganized subdivisions===
* Subdivision C
* Subdivision E

==Demographics==
===Languages===
====Knowledge of official languages====
{| class="wikitable"
!colspan="19"|Canada Census Knowledge of official languages - Nunatsiavut, Newfoundland and Labrador<ref name="2011census"/><ref name="census2016">{{cite web |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census: Division No. 11, Census division of Canada, Newfoundland and Labrador |date=February 8, 2017 |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=1011&Geo2=PR&Code2=10&SearchText=newfound&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=October 13, 2019 |archive-date=August 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814100726/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=1011&Geo2=PR&Code2=10&SearchText=newfound&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! Census
! Total
!colspan="2"|{{center|English}}
!colspan="2"|{{center|French}}
!colspan="2"|{{center|French & English}}
!colspan="2"|{{center|Other}}
|-
! Year
! Responses
! Count
! Pop %
! Count
! Pop %
! Count
! Pop %
! Count
! Pop %
|-
| {{center|2016}}
| {{center|2,555}}
| 2,525
| 98.8%
| 0
| 0%
| 20
| 0.8%
| 10
| 0.4%
|-
| {{center|2011}}
| {{center|2,360}}
| 2,335
| 98.94%
| 0
| 0.00%
| 10
| 0.42%
| 10
| 0.42%
|}

===Religion===
According to the 2011 census, 98.73% of Nunatsiavut's residents identify as Christian. 11.25% identified as [[Anglican Church of Canada|Anglican]] while 79.62% identified as "Other Christian" (most likely [[Moravian Church|Moravian]]). 1.49% of Nunatsiavut's residents identified as having no religion.

===Ethnic origin===
According to the 2016 census, 91.8% of Nunatsiavut's residents are of Indigenous ancestry. Of the 2,350 [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous Canadians]], a total of 2,290 were Inuit, 35 were [[Métis]] and 25 were [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]].<ref name="census2016"/>

Nunatsiavut grants enrollment to what it defines as two different ethnicities, [[Inuit]] and the Kablunângajuit (mixed Inuit-European).<ref name=become>{{Cite journal |url=https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/etudinuit/2015-v39-n1-etudinuit02454/1036085ar/ |title=Being and becoming Inuit in Labrador |date=2016 |doi=10.7202/1036085ar |access-date=July 10, 2020 |archive-date=July 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730013156/https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/etudinuit/2015-v39-n1-etudinuit02454/1036085ar/ |url-status=live |last1=Kennedy |first1=John C. |journal=Études/Inuit/Studies |volume=39 |pages=225–242 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nunatsiavut.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/ApplicationBeneficiaryEnrollment2018.pdf |title=Application to be Enrolled as a Beneficiary of the Labrador Inuit Land Claims Agreement |access-date=July 10, 2020 |archive-date=July 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705123043/https://www.nunatsiavut.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/ApplicationBeneficiaryEnrollment2018.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Top Ten Ethnic Origins for the Population in Division No. 11, Newfoundland and Labrador (Canada 2016 Census)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=1011&Geo2=PR&Code2=10&SearchText=Division+No.+11&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Ethnic%20origin&TABID=1&type=1 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census |access-date=May 17, 2022 |archive-date=May 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517204631/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=1011&Geo2=PR&Code2=10&SearchText=Division+No.+11&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Ethnic%20origin&TABID=1&type=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! Ethnic Origin !! Percentage of Population
|-
| Inuit || 88.1%
|-
| English || 12.9%
|-
| Canadian || 7.4%
|-
| Norwegian || 4.5%
|-
| Scottish || 3.5%
|-
| French || 2.7%
|-
| Irish || 2.5%
|-
| First Nations (North American Indian) || 2.5%
|-
| Métis || 1.8%
|-
| German || 1.2%
|-
| Newfoundlander || 0.8%
|}

====Kablunângajuit====
According to the Nunatsiavut government,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nunatsiavut.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Criteria-of-Beneficiary-Eligibility-and-Enrolment-Chapter-3.pdf |title=Chapter 3: Eligibility and Enrolment |access-date=July 10, 2020 |archive-date=July 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711000644/https://www.nunatsiavut.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Criteria-of-Beneficiary-Eligibility-and-Enrolment-Chapter-3.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> somebody who is a Kablunângajuk (plural: Kablunângajuit) is "an individual who is given that designation according to
Inuit customs and traditions". The Nunatsiavut government applies this designation to somebody who is either of mixed Inuit and non-Inuit descent or is not of Inuit descent but settled in what is now Nunatsiavut before 1940. Their ancestors were mainly [[fur trade]]rs from places such as Quebec, Scotland, Norway and elsewhere who often married Inuit.<ref>[http://www.labradorvirtualmuseum.ca/home/white_settlement.htm History of European/White Settlement]</ref>

The term Kablunângajuk means "person who resembles a white person". They were historically called terms such as "settlers" or "[[half-breed]]s".<ref name=become/>

The Kablunângajuit are usually counted as Inuit by [[Statistics Canada]] so their exact population is unknown. As Nunatsiavut beneficiaries, they have all the same privileges as Inuit beneficiaries in the region.

===Employment===
In the 2016 census, 29.9% of Nunatsiavut's population was unemployed.<ref name="census2016"/> The [[Voisey's Bay Mine|Voisey's Bay nickel mine]] is located about {{cvt|35|km}} southwest of Nain.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vale.com/canada/en/business/mining/nickel/vale-canada/voiseys-bay/pages/voiseys-bay-mine-expansion-project.aspx |title=Voisey's Bay Mine Expansion |date=2017 |website=vale.com |access-date=May 20, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/voiseys-bay-underground-iron-ore-1.5262346 |title=Voisey's Bay underground development hits 10% completion |date=August 28, 2019 |first= |last= |publisher=CBC News |access-date=May 20, 2021 }}</ref>

==Transportation==
The [[MV Northern Ranger|MV ''Northern Ranger'']] provided ferry service between Nunatsiavut's five communities as well as [[Natuashish]], [[Happy Valley-Goose Bay]], [[Cartwright, Newfoundland and Labrador|Cartwright]] and [[Black Tickle]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.nl.ca/ti/ferryservices/ |title=Intra-Provincial Ferry Services |access-date=September 28, 2020 |archive-date=November 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101014138/https://www.gov.nl.ca/ti/ferryservices/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2019 the ferry was replaced by {{MV|Kamutik W}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/northern-ranger-crew-lose-jobs-1.4830435 |title=Northern Ranger crew docking for good in December |work=CBC News |last=Samson |first=Alyson |date=September 20, 2018 |access-date=March 20, 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thetelegram.com/news/regional/new-ferries-for-labrador-239561/ |title=New ferries for Labrador |work=The Telegram |last=Careen |first=Evan |date=September 7, 2018 |access-date=March 20, 2019 |archive-date=January 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106040837/https://www.thetelegram.com/news/regional/new-ferries-for-labrador-239561/ |url-status=live }}</ref> All five settlements also have airports with flights formerly provided by [[Air Labrador]] and now served by [[Air Borealis]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aptnnews.ca/national-news/indigenous-leaders-asking-that-access-to-labrador-be-sealed-off/ |title=Indigenous leaders asking that access to Labrador be sealed off |access-date=October 16, 2020 |first=Angel |last=Moore |date=April 5, 2020 |website=APTN News |archive-date=March 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318004916/https://www.aptnnews.ca/national-news/indigenous-leaders-asking-that-access-to-labrador-be-sealed-off/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Churchill Duke |first1=Laura |title=Hopedale woman circulating petition calling for the province to subsidize flights to northern Labrador |url=https://www.saltwire.com/newfoundland-labrador/news/provincial/hopedale-woman-circulating-petition-calling-for-the-province-to-subsidize-flights-to-northern-labrador-354868/ |publisher=Saltwire |access-date=July 23, 2021 |date=September 20, 2019 |archive-date=March 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327040036/https://www.saltwire.com/newfoundland-labrador/news/provincial/hopedale-woman-circulating-petition-calling-for-the-province-to-subsidize-flights-to-northern-labrador-354868/ |url-status=live }}</ref> No community in Nunatsiavut is road accessible; however, there have been some proposals to connect Nunatsiavut to the [[Trans-Labrador Highway]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/inuit-want-road-to-northern-labrador-1.788078 |title=Inuit want road to northern Labrador |publisher=[[CBC News]] |date=July 29, 2009 |access-date=October 13, 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://theindependent.ca/2015/10/29/is-a-road-to-labradors-north-coast-feasible/ |title=Is a road to Labrador's north coast feasible? |date=October 29, 2015 |first=Robert |last=Way |work=[[The Independent (Newfoundland)|The Independent]] |access-date=October 13, 2019 }}</ref>

==Notable people==
* [[Caubvick]], namesake of [[Mount Caubvick]]
* [[Randy Edmunds (politician)|Randy Edmunds]], Member of the [[Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly|House of Assembly]] for [[Torngat Mountains (electoral district)|Torngat Mountains]] (2011–19)
* [[Johannes Lampe]], 3rd President of Nunatsiavut (2016–present)
* [[Sarah Leo]], 2nd President of Nunatsiavut (2012–16)
* [[Mikak]], one of the first Inuit to travel to, and return from, Europe in the mid-1700s.
* [[Natan Obed]], President of the [[Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami]]
* [[Keith Russell (politician)|Keith Russell]], former Member of the House of Assembly for [[Lake Melville (electoral district)|Lake Melville]] (2011–15), former provincial cabinet minister
* [[John Shiwak]], soldier
* [[Abraham Ulrikab]], former [[Hebron, Newfoundland and Labrador|Hebron]] resident
* [[Marlene Winters-Wheeler]], speaker of the assembly

==See also==
{{Portal|Canada}}
* [[List of proposed provinces and territories of Canada]]
* [[Nunatsiavut Assembly]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="2011census">{{cite web |title=Census Profile - Division No. 11, Census division |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=1011&Geo2=PR&Code2=10&Data=Count&SearchText=Division&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=10&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=March 2, 2012 }}</ref>
}}

<!--
* [http://www.releases.gov.nl.ca/releases/2003/laa/0829n06.htm Labrador Inuit land claims agreement initialled in St. John’s]
* [http://www.releases.gov.nl.ca/releases/2007/nr/0402n02.htm New Standards in Labrador Inuit Lands Provide Clarity for Mineral Exploration]
* [https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/uranium-ban-vote-shows-deep-split-among-labrador-inuit-1.739855 Uranium ban vote shows deep split among Labrador Inuit]
* [https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/labrador-inuit-to-govern-large-territory-1.408638 Labrador Inuit to govern large territory]
* [https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/inuit-say-yes-to-labrador-land-claim-deal-1.496792 Inuit say 'Yes' to Labrador land claim deal]
* [http://toronto.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20030830/Nunatsiavut_labradorinuit_20030830 Land claim deal creates territory 'Nunatsiavut'] {{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
* [http://www.census2006.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/89-635/P5.cfm?Lang=eng&age=1&ident_id=6&geocode1=017&geocode2=003&GEOCODE=017 2006 Profile of Aboriginal Children, Youth and Adults: Census highlights - Nunatsiavut]
* [http://www.canadianminingjournal.com/issues/story.aspx?aid=1000077771 CANADIAN MINING PERSPECTIVES: Labrador Inuit declare uranium moratorium]
* [http://www.releases.gov.nl.ca/releases/2005/laa/1124n09.htm A new era for the Labrador Inuit]
* [http://www.newfoundlandquarterly.ca/issue427/balance.php STRIKING THE BALANCE: Building the Future, Preserving the Past]
* [http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=302&SR=1&S=51&O=A&RPP=9999&CMA=0&PR=10]
-->

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{wikivoyage inline}}
* [http://www.nunatsiavut.com/ Government of Nunatsiavut]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100121153321/http://www.laa.gov.nl.ca/laa/land_claims/agreement.html Labrador and Inuit Land Claims Agreement] at the Department of Labrador and Aboriginal Affairs of the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160808010138/http://www.laa.gov.nl.ca/laa/land_claims/agreement_implementation.html Labrador Inuit Land Claims Agreement Implementation Plan] at the Department of Labrador and Aboriginal Affairs of the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador

{{Geographic Location
|Centre    = Nunatsiavut / Census Division No. 11
|North     = ''[[Hudson Strait]]''<br />([[Qikiqtaaluk Region]], [[Nunavut]])
|Northeast = 
|East      = ''[[Labrador Sea]]''
|Southeast = 
|South     = [[Division No. 10, Newfoundland and Labrador|Division No. 10]]
|Southwest = 
|West      = [[Kativik, Quebec|Kativik Territory Equivalent]], Quebec
|Northwest = 
}}
{{NLDivision11}}
{{Subdivisions of Newfoundland and Labrador}}
{{Inuit}}

[[Category:Inuit territories]]
[[Category:Inuit in Newfoundland and Labrador]]
[[Category:Proposed provinces and territories of Canada]]
[[Category:Regions of the Arctic]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples in Newfoundland and Labrador]]