View source for Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge

{{Short description|South African politician (born 1952)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use South African English|date=August 2012}}
{{Infobox officeholder
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|name               = Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge
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'''Nozizwe Charlotte Madlala-Routledge''' (born 29 June 1952) is a South African politician who was South Africa's [[Department of Defence (South Africa)|Deputy Minister of Defence]] from 1999 to April 2004 and [[South African Department of Health|Deputy Minister of Health]] from April 2004 to August 2007. President [[Thabo Mbeki]] dismissed her from the Cabinet on 8 August 2007, after which she maintained her role as a member of parliament representing the [[African National Congress]].<ref>[http://www.doh.gov.za/ministry/depminister.html Department of Health profile on Madlala-Routledge] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070819210815/http://www.doh.gov.za/ministry/depminister.html |date=19 August 2007 }} retrieved 10 August 2007</ref> On 25 September 2008, she became Deputy Speaker of the [[National Assembly of South Africa|National Assembly]], serving in that capacity until resigning from Parliament in early May 2009.<ref>[http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=3086&art_id=nw20090506104913796C941412 "The familiar faces now absent from Parliament"], Sapa (''IOL''), 6 May 2009.</ref> She has been a member of the [[South African Communist Party]] since 1984.<ref name=whoswho>[http://www.whoswhosa.co.za/Pages/profilefull.aspx?IndID=931 whoswhosa.co.za: Profile on Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515015611/http://www.whoswhosa.co.za/Pages/profilefull.aspx?IndID=931 |date=15 May 2009 }} retrieved 13 August 2007</ref>

Madlala-Routledge is well known for helping combat [[AIDS]] in South Africa, and is considered by many to have resisted government denial of the severity of the epidemic.<ref>
{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/10/world/africa/10safrica.html?_r=3&oref=slogin&oref=slogin&oref=slogin |title=S. Africa Fires Official Praised for Anti-AIDS Work |accessdate=2007-08-13 |author=Sharon LaFraniere |date=10 August 2007|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> She was also an opponent of the use of [[alternative medicine]] treatments of [[HIV]] in place of scientifically tested methods.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L10877384.htm |title=S.African minister sees AIDS row link to sacking |accessdate=2007-08-13|date=10 August 2007|agency=Reuters}}</ref>

More recently, Madlala-Routledge served for a short period as the executive director of Inyathelo: The South African Institute for Advancement until March 2015 when she resigned following problems with the board.<ref>
{{cite web |url=http://mg.co.za/article/2016-03-17-nozizwe-madlala-routledge-quits-inyathelo-on-principle |title=Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge quits Inyathelo 'on principle'|accessdate=2016-09-09 |date=2016-03-18 }}</ref>

In August 2021, it was announced that Madlala-Routledge would serve as the next director of the [[Quaker United Nations Office]] in Geneva.<ref>
{{cite web |url=https://quno.org/timeline/2021/8/quaker-united-nations-office-geneva-names-new-director |title=Quaker United Nations Office Geneva names new director|accessdate=2021-08-10 |date=2021-08-10 }}</ref> In July 2024 the Quaker United Nations Office in Geneva announced that Malala-Routledge had left on 30 June 2024 to take up new challenges.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://quno.org/timeline/2024/7/departure-quno-geneva-director |title=Departure of QUNO Geneva Director|accessdate=2024-09-02 |date=2024-09-02 }}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Born on 29 June 1952 in Magog, [[Umzumbe]], Nozizwe Charlotte Madlala is a South African of [[Zulu people|Zulu]] descent and a [[Quaker]].<ref name="Understanding2007">{{cite book|author=Tanenbaum Center for Interreligious Understanding|title=Peacemakers in Action: Profiles of Religion in Conflict Resolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WTuZJxwYltEC&pg=PA225|year=2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-85358-3|pages=225–}}</ref> She was brought up by her single mother in what was formerly the [[Zulu Kingdom]], now the southern region of the province of [[KwaZulu-Natal]].<ref name="CollectifFouque2015">{{cite book|author1=Collectif|last2=Fouque|first2=Antoinette|last3=Calle-Gruber|first3=Mireille|title=Le Dictionnaire universel des créatrices|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3-0BCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT366|year=2015|publisher=Éditions des femmes|isbn=978-2-7210-0651-6|pages=366–}}</ref> After schooling at Magog Primary and Fairview Primary, she matriculated at the [[Inanda Seminary School]] in [[Durban]].<ref name=saho>{{cite web|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/nozizwe-charlotte-madlala-routledge|title=Nozizwe Charlotte Madlala-Routledge |publisher=SAHO:South African History Online|accessdate=12 February 2017 }}</ref> She went on to study medicine at the [[University of Natal]] but was distracted by [[Steve Biko]] of the [[Black Consciousness Movement]] who involved her in student politics. After completing her first year, in 1971 she transferred to the [[University of Fort Hare]] to study for a BSc Once again coming under Biko's influence, she ran into trouble in 1972 for participating in a student boycott.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/biographical-contribution-nozizwe-charlotte-madlala-routledge|title=Biographical contribution on Nozizwe Charlotte Madlala-Routledge |publisher=SAHO: South African History Online|accessdate=12 February 2017 }}</ref> Refusing to apologize for her behaviour, she was dismissed.<ref name=nyt/><ref name="Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge">{{cite web|url=http://www.quakersintheworld.org/quakers-in-action/190|title=Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge|publisher=Quakers in the World|accessdate=12 February 2017 }}</ref> In 1991, she earned a diploma in adult education from the [[University of Natal]]. During her studies, she compiled a manual on Lay Care for the Elderly and wrote easy readers in the Zulu language for newly literate adults. She also obtained a diploma in medical technology, resulting in six years employment as a medical laboratory technologist.<ref name=saho/>

After a long interruption, in 2006 Madlala-Routledge took up her studies once more. In 2010, she graduated from the [[University of Cape Town]] in social science, with majors in philosophy and sociology.<ref name=saho/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/nozizwe-madlala-routledge-5093a71a/?locale=de_DE|title=Nozizwe|publisher=LinkedIn|accessdate=13 February 2017 }}</ref>

==Political career==
Madlala-Routledge joined the underground [[African National Congress]] in 1979 and in 1983, she participated in establishing the [[Natal Organisation of Women]], becoming its first chair. After a prolonged period of imprisonment without trial, including a year in solitary confinement,<ref name=tanenbaum/> she joined the [[South African Communist Party]], first as regional chair in Natal, later as a member of its central committee. In 1990, following the unbanning of political organisations, she became a member of the executive committee of the [[Women's National Coalition]]. She also contributed to the work of the sub-council on the status of women and helped to prepare policy on the empowerment of women under the [[Reconstruction and Development Programme]].<ref name=saho/> In 1993, she won a seat in the country's revamped parliament.<ref name=nyt/>

On 17 June 1999, Madlala-Routledge became the first woman in South Africa to be appointed Deputy Minister of Defence. She held the post until April 2004, when she became Deputy Minister of Health.<ref name=saho/> In that capacity, she strove relentlessly for more effective measures to combat AIDS which at the time was spreading rapidly and causing up to a thousand deaths per day. More than five million South Africans or 12% of the population were reported to be infected with [[HIV/AIDS|HIV]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/9653062|title=Sacking the wrong health minister|newspaper=The Economist|date=16 August 2007|accessdate=13 February 2017 }}</ref> She was strongly opposed by the minister [[Manto Tshabalala-Msimang]] who preferred to rely on African treatments such as garlic, beet root and African potatoes rather than modern drugs.<ref name=nyt/>

==Dismissal as Deputy Minister of Health==
On 8 August 2007 on the eve of [[National Women's Day]], Madlala-Routledge was removed from office as Deputy Minister of Health by President [[Thabo Mbeki]].<ref name=dismiss>[http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/president/pr/2007/pr0808220.htm President Mbeki relieves Deputy Minister of Health], retrieved 10 August 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.sabcnews.com/south_africa/health/0,2172,153780,00.html President Mbeki sacks deputy health minister] retrieved 10 August 2007</ref> There was some speculation as to the specific reason of her dismissal at the time, given certain speculative elements. These included the long-term disharmony and disagreement on HIV/AIDS and other issues between herself and the Minister of Health (Dr. [[Manto Tshabalala-Msimang]]);<ref name=sabcnews>[http://www.sabcnews.com/south_africa/land_affairs/0,2172,153306,00.html Mbeki to look at relations between Manto, deputy] retrieved 10 August 2007 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929124642/http://www.sabcnews.com/south_africa/land_affairs/0,2172,153306,00.html |date=29 September 2007 }}</ref> her findings supporting a damning report by the ''Daily Dispatch'' on conditions in the [[maternity ward]] at Frere Hospital, which were contradicted by Tshabalala-Msimang<ref>[http://www.sabcnews.com/south_africa/health/0,2172,153036,00.html SABCnews.com: Union accuses minister of downplaying baby deaths], retrieved 10 August 2007 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929124038/http://www.sabcnews.com/south_africa/health/0,2172,153036,00.html |date=29 September 2007 }}</ref> and president Mbeki.<ref>[http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/anctoday/2007/at29.htm Letter from the president, Volume 7, No. 29], accessed 10 August 2007</ref> More importantly, she had failed to receive approval for a trip to an AIDS conference in Spain, which was declined by president Mbeki after she had left.<ref name=spain>[http://www.sabcnews.com/south_africa/health/0,2172,153605,00.html Deputy health minister defies Mbeki] retrieved 10 August 2007</ref> Another factor was that in December 2006, she had described "denial at the very highest levels" over South Africa's policy on AIDS.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070225015259/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/main.jhtml?view=DETAILS&grid=&xml=/health/2006/12/11/wsa10.xml ''"African Minister Ends Decade of Denial over AIDS"''], from ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''. Published online 12 November 2006. Accessed 5 March 2007.</ref>

A press release by the presidency failed to cite any reason for her dismissal,<ref name=dismiss/> apparently because the president was not obliged to give any reason for sacking a minister.<ref>[http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/president/pr/2007/pr08102158.htm Presidency and statements of the former Deputy Minister of Health] The Presidency, retrieved 10 August 2007</ref> Madlala-Routledge later revealed in a press conference that the president had called a meeting asking for her to resign citing the unauthorised trip to an international AIDS conference in [[Spain]] but she had declined. The next day she was officially dismissed.<ref name=iol10/> Her sacking was criticized by opposition parties and AIDS organisations. The [[Treatment Action Campaign]] commented: "This is a dreadful error of judgment that will harm public healthcare."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6938178.stm|title=S Africa Aids sacking condemned|work=BBC News|date=9 August 2007|accessdate=13 February 2017 }}</ref>

===Background of dismissal===

====Clashes with the Health Minister over HIV/AIDS====
The dismissal had come after a long period of repeated public clashes with the Minister of Health, Manto Tshabalala-Msimang over national HIV/AIDS policy.<ref name=nyt>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/07/world/africa/07iht-profile.4.7423546.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|title=AIDS activist Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge keeps her convictions but loses her job|author=Wines, Michael|newspaper=The New York Times|date=7 September 2007|accessdate=13 February 2017 }}</ref>

====Conflicting reports over Frere Hospital====
The two ministers had also released conflicting reports over the conditions of the maternity ward at Frere hospital, in the [[Eastern Cape]] province. Madlala-Routledge had reported that conditions at the maternity ward were a 'national disaster'. This was contradicted by Msimang, who reported that her deputy's comments were based on 'untruths', that the mortality rate at the hospital had been exaggerated, and that the infant death rates were 'in line with the national average'.<ref name=sabcnews/>

These events were preceded by an exposé in the ''Daily Dispatch'' newspaper over the allegedly appalling conditions at the hospital. Madlala-Routledge first paid a visit to the hospital, which had not been scheduled nor communicated to the hospital, and after her report, Msimang subsequently paid a scheduled and announced visit to the hospital.<ref name=iol>{{cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/she-shouldve-been-fired-a-long-time-ago-365583|title='She should've been fired a long time ago'|publisher=IOL|date=9 August 2007|accessdate=12 February 2017 }}</ref> Finally, writing in his weekly column, president Thabo Mbeki had defended Msimang's report on Frere Hospital and downplayed the ''Daily Dispatch'''s investigations as inflammatory, effectively dismissing the deputy minister's views.<ref>[http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/anctoday/2007/at29.htm Letter from the presidency, Volume 7, No. 29], accessed 10 August 2007</ref>

===='Unauthorised' trip to AIDS conference in Spain====
Madlala-Routledge travelled to an international AIDS conference in Spain, which had received approval from the necessary departments but had been forwarded to the President for approval and thus, Presidential approval had not been granted at the time she made the trip.<ref name=spain/> Ultimately, President Mbeki declined authorisation of the trip, which happened when she was already ''en route'' to Spain. Upon arrival, and being informed of the declination, Madlala-Routledge cancelled her visit to the conference and travelled home immediately.<ref name=iol10>{{cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/madlala-routledge-ponders-set-up-theory-365771|title=Madlala-Routledge ponders set-up theory|publisher=iol|date=10 August 2007|accessdate=12 February 2017 }}</ref>

In a press conference after her dismissal, Madlala-Routledge stated that it is common for ministers to travel without receiving an approval answer from the presidency because ministers often leave at such short notice.<ref name=iol10/>

==Political career following dismissal==
In December 2007, she was elected to the ANC's National Executive Committee in 33rd place.<ref>Brendan Boyle, [http://www.thetimes.co.za/News/Article.aspx?id=666599 "Winnie Mandela tops ANC election list"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002120731/http://www.thetimes.co.za/News/Article.aspx?id=666599 |date=2 October 2008 }}, ''The Times'' (South Africa), 21 December 2007.</ref> From September 2008 to May 2009, she was deputy speaker of the [[National Assembly of South Africa|National Assembly]], after which she remained a member of parliament.<ref name=saho/> Madlada-Routledge was appointed a parliamentary caucus chair of the African National Congress in 2008 but left the following year to study Social Science at the [[University of Cape Town]], graduating in 2010. That year she became a co-founder of [[Embrace Dignity]], a human rights organisation fighting sex trafficking and sexual exploitation.<ref name=tanenbaum>{{cite web|url=https://tanenbaum.org/peacemakers-in-action-network/meet-the-peacemakers/nozizwe-madlala-routledge/|title=Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge, South Africa|publisher=Tanenbaum|accessdate=12 February 2017 }}</ref> The organisation proposes that sex work itself be decriminalised, but that clients of sex workers become criminally liable.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://embracedignity.org.za/|title=Embrace Dignity|accessdate=12 February 2017}}</ref>

In April 2014 she launched the "Vote No" campaign alongside fellow ANC member and former government minister [[Ronnie Kasrils]]. The campaign aimed to encourage people to cast [[protest vote]]s or [[spoilt ballot]]s in the [[2014 South African general election|2014 general election]] as a protest against [[Jacob Zuma]] and the perceived corruption of his government.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mg.co.za/article/2014-04-15-vote-no-say-anc-veterans-at-campaign-launch |title='Vote No', say ANC veterans at campaign launch |last1=Pillay |first1=Verashni |date=15 April 2014 |website=[[Mail & Guardian]] |accessdate=25 April 2014}}</ref> In June 2015 she became executive director of the [[South African Institute for Advancement]] (Inyathelo) but resigned in March 2016, protesting the payment of a golden handshake to one of the organisation's founders.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2016-03-17-nozizwe-madlala-routledge-quits-inyathelo-on-principle|title=Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge quits Inyathelo 'on principle'|author=Gedye, Lloyd|newspaper=Mail & Guardian|date=18 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-03-29-fear-and-loathing-in-the-philanthropic-world-as-key-appointment-turns-sour/#.WKGPhX9S3dg|title=Fear and loathing in the philanthropic world as key appointment turns sour|author=Thamm, Marianne|newspaper=Daily Maverick|date=29 March 2016|accessdate=13 February 2017 }}</ref>

==Personal life==
Madlala-Routledge is married to Jeremy Routledge whom she met in the early 1980s.<ref name="Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge"/> They have two sons, Martin and Simon.<ref>[http://www.sundaytimes.co.za/PrintEdition/News/Article.aspx?id=537607 Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge] retrieved 12 August 2007</ref> She resides in [[Cape Town]].

A [[Quaker]] and former ANC and SA Communist Party underground operative in KwaZulu Natal, she was one of the four-strong SACP delegation to the Convention for a Democratic SA that negotiated the transition from [[apartheid]].<ref name=backbegan>[http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=vn20070830040112506C151416  Sacked deputy happily back where she began]</ref>

She also served with [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] on the working group that drew up the constitutional framework.<ref name=backbegan/>

==Awards==
Madlala-Routledge has received the Tanenbaum Peacemakers Award for her work in South Africa and has an honorary doctorate from [[Haverford College]], Pennsylvania.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://inyathelo.org.za/nozizwe-madlala-routledge.html|title=Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge|publisher=Inyathelo|accessdate=12 February 2017 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|20em}}

==External links==
*{{LinkedIn URL|https://www.linkedin.com/in/nozizwe-madlala-routledge-5093a71a}}

{{ANC National Assembly members}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Madlala-Routledge, Nozizwe}}
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Politicians from KwaZulu-Natal]]
[[Category:South African Communist Party politicians]]
[[Category:South African anti-apartheid activists]]
[[Category:Christian communists]]
[[Category:South African Quakers]]
[[Category:African National Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Members of the National Assembly of South Africa 1994–1999]]
[[Category:Members of the National Assembly of South Africa 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Members of the National Assembly of South Africa 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Women members of the National Assembly of South Africa]]