View source for Nowzar

{{Short description|Legendary ancient Persian monarch}}
{{for|the village in Iran|Nowzar, Iran}}
[[Image:NowzarKilled.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Persian language|Persian]] manuscript painting: Afrasiab kills Nowzar son of Manuchehr, during a battle.]]

'''Nowzar''', '''Nouzar''', '''Nowzer''', '''Novzar''' or '''Nōzar''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|oː|ˈ|z|æ|r}}); <!-- as IPA --> ({{Langx|fa|نُوذَر}}) {{IPA|fa|ˈnoːˈzæɾ}}; is the ninth [[Shah]] of the [[Pishdadian dynasty]] of [[Persia]] according to ''[[Shahnameh]]''. He is the son of [[Manuchehr]] and becomes the Shah of [[Iran]] after his father's death. His reign of seven years comes to an end when he is killed by [[Afrasiab]] during a battle.

He is also mentioned in [[Avesta]]  as a great warrior and hero. Many future warriors traced back their origin to him and were labeled '''Nowzarian''' (نوذریان).

== In the Shahnameh ==

On his deathbed, Nowzar's father, [[Manuchehr]], told Nowzar to be a humble, righteous king and warned of danger from [[Turan]], where enemies of their ancestors rule.<ref name="Shahnameh 1">{{cite book |last1=Firdawsī |last2=Atkinson |first2=James |title=The Shahnameh : The Book of Kings |date=2012 |publisher=The Floating Press |location=Auckland, N.Z. |isbn=978-1-77545-821-0 }}{{pn|date=April 2021}}</ref><ref name="Sadri Translation">{{cite book |last1=Ferdowsi |last2=Sadri |first2=Ahmad |title=Shahnameh: The Epic of the Persian Kings |date=2013 |publisher=Liveright |isbn=978-1-63149-446-8 }}</ref> Nowzar took the throne and quickly became a weak and greedy king who overtaxed his subjects.<ref name="Shahnameh 1" /><ref name="Sadri Translation" /> Realizing that his kingdom was on the brink of collapse from uprising within and rival kingdoms without, Nowzar called on the warrior [[Sām]] for help.<ref name="Shahnameh 1" /><ref name="Sadri Translation" /> After rejecting a rebellion that offered to make him king, Sām reminded Nowzar of the counsel his father gave him and Nowzar promised to be a righteous and just king from then on.<ref name="Shahnameh 1" /><ref name="Sadri Translation" />

While Nowzar tried to stabilize Iran, [[Pashang]], the [[Turya (Avesta)|Turanian]] king, sent his son, [[Afrasiab]], to invade the weakened kingdom of Iran.<ref name="Shahnameh 1" /><ref name="Sadri Translation" /> Nowzar led an army against the invaders, but he was captured and killed by Abrasiab.<ref name="Shahnameh 1" /><ref name="Sadri Translation" />

== Family Tree ==
{{Tree chart/start}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | MNR | | | | | | |MNR=[[Manuchehr]]}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | NOZ | | | | | |NOZ='''Nowzar'''}}
{{Tree chart | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{Tree chart | | | | TUS | | GOS | | | |TUS=[[Tus (mythology)|Tous]]|GOS=[[Gostaham#Son of Nowzar|Gostahm]]}}
{{Tree chart/end}}

{{Start box}}
{{Succession box|
  before=[[Manuchehr]] |
  title=Legendary Kings of the [[Shahnameh|Shāhnāma]] |
  years='''2420–2427''' (after [[Keyumars]])|
  after=[[Zaav]]|
}}
{{End box}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* Abolqasem Ferdowsi, Dick Davis trans. (2006), ''Shahnameh: The Persian Book of Kings'' {{ISBN|0-670-03485-1}}, modern English translation (abridged), current standard
* Warner, Arthur and Edmond Warner, (translators) ''The Shahnama of Firdausi'', 9 vols. (London: Keegan Paul, 1905-1925) (complete English verse translation)
* [[Shirzad Aghaee]], ''Nam-e kasan va ja'i-ha dar Shahnama-ye Ferdousi''(Personalities and Places in the Shahnama of [[Ferdousi]], Nyköping, Sweden, 1993. ({{ISBN|91-630-1959-0}})
* Jalal Khāleghi Motlagh, Editor, ''The Shahnameh'', to be published in 8 volumes (ca. 500 pages each), consisting of six volumes of text and two volumes of explanatory notes. See: [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/center-for-iranian-studies/programs-and-pubs/main/projects/shahnameh.html Center for Iranian Studies, Columbia University].

{{Shahnameh}}

[[Category:Mythological kings]]
[[Category:Pishdadian dynasty]]

{{Shahnameh-stub}}