View source for Northrop Grumman E-10 MC2A

{{short description|Proposed Airborne Warning and Control aircraft based on the Boeing 767 airframe}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{{Infobox aircraft
 |name= E-10 MC2A
 |image=
 |caption=
 |type= Multi-Sensor Command and Control (MC2A): [[Airborne Early Warning and Control]] (AEW&C), [[Reconnaissance aircraft|Reconnaissance]], [[Battle Management|Airborne Battle Management]] and [[ISTAR]]
 |national_origin= United States
 |manufacturer= [[Northrop Grumman]]
 |designer=
 |first fligh =
 |introduction=
 |retired=
 |status= Cancelled
 |primary_user= [[United States Air Force]]
 |more_users= <!--up to three more. please separate with <br/>.-->
 |produced= <!--years in production, e.g. 1970-1999, if still in active use but no longer built-->
 |number_built=
 |unit cost=
 |developed_from= [[Boeing 767]]
 |variants=
}}

The '''Northrop Grumman E-10 MC2A''' was planned as a multi-role military aircraft to replace the [[Boeing 707]]-based [[E-3 Sentry]] and [[E-8 Joint STARS]], the Boeing 747-based [[E-4B]], and the [[RC-135 Rivet Joint]] aircraft in US military service. The E-10 was based on the [[Boeing 767-400ER]] commercial airplane.

==Development==
In [[2003 in aviation |2003]], the Northrop Grumman, [[Boeing]], and [[Raytheon]] MC2A team was awarded a $215 million contract for pre-SDD (System Development and Demonstration) development of the aircraft.  MC2A is an acronym for Multi-Sensor Command and Control Aircraft. The MC2A was intended to be the ultimate theater-wide combat control center.

While the Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS aircraft was a recent development, it is the last such type based on the 707. Installing the high technology systems envisaged for the MC2A on an increasingly obsolete airframe would not provide the capability required. The availability of powerful and reliable turbofans allowed a twinjet to be considered.

In August 2003, ''[[Air International]]'' reported that the goal of integrating [[Airborne Early Warning and Control|air-]] and [[ground search radar|ground-]]search [[radar]]s on a single airframe was abandoned. Electronic interference between the [[active electronically scanned array]] (AESA) and ground-surveillance radars as well as the power requirements for both systems were cited as the reason. Instead the USAF decided to plan two separate E-10 fleets to be integrated with the proposed [[space-based radar]] system, air- and space-based [[ELINT]]/[[SIGINT]] assets, and space-based [[IMINT]] [[satellite]]s. It would have been the central command authority for all [[air force|air]], [[army|land]], and [[navy|sea]] forces in a combat theater. The E-10 was also considered for use as a command center for [[Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle|unmanned combat air vehicle]]s.

The capability of the MC2A was to be raised incrementally, with each phase known as a "[[Spiral model|spiral]]".
; Spiral 1 : [[Multi-Platform Radar Technology Insertion Program]] (MP-RTIP): This version would have provided substantial Joint Cruise Missile Defense (CMD) capability with focused AMTI modes and augment the E-8 Joint STARS in the ground surveillance role.
; Spiral 2 : AWACS Capability: This version would have replaced the E-3. It was expected that the Spiral 2 version would use a variant of the [[Boeing Wedgetail]]'s [[Multi-role Electronically Scanned Array]].
; Spiral 3 : SIGINT Platform: This version was intended to replace a wide range of SIGINT/ELINT aircraft. Beyond conceptual studies and preliminary research, this version was not being actively designed.  

===Scale-back and cancellation===
In January 2006, the Air Force FY07 budget request revealed a reshaping of the E-10 program with the cancellation of the SDD program.  Funding was maintained for the development and testing of a single demonstration aircraft, now known as the E-10A Technology Development Program (TDP).<ref name="avweek_20060410">[http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news/013006p3.xml "Boeing Polishes 737 Design For EP-3 Replacement : Mixed Signals."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205112846/http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news%2F013006p3.xml |date=2012-02-05 }} Fulghum, D. A. and Wall, R. ''[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]]''. January 29, 2006.</ref> The TDP phase would flight test the MP-RTIP Wide-Area Surveillance (WAS) radar, and conduct flight demonstrations of the E-10A's Cruise Missile Defense (CMD) Capability.  The SDD elimination was designed to be a cost-cutting measure and part of a larger reorganization and redefinition of the Air Force's mission including the retirement of the [[Boeing E-4B]] and [[Lockheed F-117A Nighthawk]] fleets, as well as the elimination of all but 58 [[Boeing B-52H Stratofortress]]es.

The E-10 finally disappeared at the end of FY2007 as budget pressures and competing priorities pushed it completely out of the budget. The USAF maintained funding for the MP-RTIP radar and may eventually put the radar on the E-8, or on a new aircraft, possibly the same airframe as the next aerial tanker.<ref name= "afa_200710">Tirpak, John A. [http://www.afa.org/magazine/oct2007/1007squeeze.asp "The big squeeze"] {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071211054551/http://www.afa.org/magazine/oct2007/1007squeeze.asp |date=2007-12-11}}, ''[[Air Force Magazine]]''. October 2007.</ref>  The smaller version of the MP-RTIP AESA radar designed to be flown on the [[Northrop Grumman RQ-4B Global Hawk]] is being flight tested on the [[Scaled Composites Proteus]] aircraft.  Boeing had kept the E-10 prototype (767-400ER) at [[Paine Field]] in [[Everett, Washington]], until it was sold to [[Bahrain]] in January 2009 for conversion into a [[VIP]] transport.<ref>Sarsfield, Kate. [https://www.flightglobal.com/bahrain-acquires-767-400er-testbed-for-vip-use/84834.article "Bahrain acquires 767-400ER testbed for VIP use"]. ''Flight International'', 27 January 2009.</ref>

==Specifications (767-400ER with PW4000 engines)==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref= Boeing 767-400ER<ref>[http://www.boeing.com/commercial/767family/pf/pf_400prod.html Boeing 767-400ER Technical Characteristics]</ref>
|prime units?=kts
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=2 + mission crew
|length m=61.3
|span m=51.9
|height m=16.8
|empty weight kg=103,872
|max takeoff weight kg=204,116
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=[[Pratt & Whitney PW4000-94]]
|eng1 type=high bypass turbofan
|eng1 lbf=63,300
|eng1 note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=913
|max speed mach=0.86
|cruise speed kmh=851
|cruise speed note=Mach 0.80
|range km=10,370
|ceiling m=12,200
}}

==See also==
{{aircontent
|see also=

|related=
* [[Boeing 767]]
* [[Boeing KC-767]]
* [[Boeing E-767]]
* [[Boeing 737 AEW&C]] E-7 Wedgetail
|similar aircraft=
* [[Boeing E-3 Sentry]]
* [[Boeing EC-135]]
* [[Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS]]
|lists=
}}

==References==
{{reflist|1}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/systems/e-10.htm E-10 MC2A page on Globalsecurity.org]
* [http://www.deagel.com/AEWandC-ISR-and-EW-Aircraft/E-10A_a000515001.aspx E-10A page on Deagel.com]

{{Boeing 757/767 family}}
{{Boeing support aircraft}}
{{Grumman aircraft}}
{{US EW aircraft}}

[[Category:Northrop Grumman aircraft|E-10]]
[[Category:Boeing aircraft]]
[[Category:Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States]]
[[Category:Twinjets]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:AWACS aircraft]]
[[Category:Boeing 767]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]